Articles tagged with Longitudinal Studies
A nationwide study found that private SAT prep classes and tutoring significantly boost scores, but are unaffordable for many students from lower-income families. The study also showed that higher SAT scores are linked to higher rates of college enrollment, particularly in selective colleges.
A large representative survey found that 3.5% of adolescents in the US had ever exchanged sex for drugs or money, with higher rates among African American youths and those from non-traditional family setups. The study also showed a significant link between exchanging sex and drug use, as well as depression and having been forced into sex.
Research from Cornell University suggests that completing high school is associated with reduced smoking rates, particularly for women whose mothers completed more schooling. However, no significant impact on weight was found, with male high school completers actually being more likely to be overweight.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive method to measure beta cell mass in individuals with diabetes using PET-based quantitation of VMAT2 receptors. This approach allows for the estimation of beta cell mass in rats with type 1 diabetes, providing insights into the pathogenesis of diabetes and potential therapeutic interventions.
A recent USC study found that Chinese teens who perceive themselves as overweight, even if they are normal or underweight, are at a higher risk for depression and school-related stress. Girls in the study reported lower grade point averages when they felt overweight, while boys exhibited more aggressive behavior.
A recent study by Dr. Elizabeth Krall Kaye found that cigarette smokers are 70% more likely to need root canal treatment than nonsmokers. Quitting smoking is linked to a lower risk of needing the procedure.
A new longitudinal study by Cornell University finds that food insecurity affects the academic development of school-age children, particularly in reading and social skills. Children from food-insecure families tend to develop more slowly academically, with girls facing additional challenges.
A review of 225 studies found that chronically happy people are more successful across many life domains due to their positive emotions. Happiness is associated with behaviors that lead to further success in work, relationships, and health.
A 15-year longitudinal study found that individuals diagnosed with minor depression were more likely to develop major depression, particularly among young adults (18-29 years old) and women. The study also revealed that cancer and other chronic illnesses did not increase the risk of developing major depression.
Research found that teens with good relationships with parents tend to have friends who are less likely to fight, more involved in extracurricular activities, and have plans for college. Parents' monitoring and supervision also play a role, although the effects were not as consistent.
A major observational study suggests that a healthy diet rich in folates can significantly reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease. The study, led by UC Irvine researchers, analyzed the diets of over 500 individuals and found that high folate intake was associated with a 55% lower risk of developing Alzheimer's.
Researchers found that women have more global AD pathology due to neurofibrillary tangles and experience clinical symptoms of AD nearly 20 times more often than men. This suggests that Alzheimer's disease is stronger in women, potentially linked to estrogen deficiency or other protective factors.
Research by Dr Rosa Alati links heavy drinking to higher rates of anxiety and depression in women. Contrary to previous findings, the study suggests that moderate drinking is associated with lower symptoms of mental illness when women are in their early 30s.
The study demonstrates that umbilical cord-blood transplant is a life-saving treatment for newborns with infantile Krabbe's disease. Most infants with the disease die before reaching age 2, but treated newborns showed continual improvement in developmental skills and had age-appropriate mental and language skills.
A new study found that traditional risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes are strongly associated with cardiovascular death in kidney patients. Emerging risk factors like elevated C-reactive protein levels were not as strongly linked to increased risk of cardiovascular death.
Black South African children show lower physical activity levels and calcium intakes compared to white children, yet have higher bone mass at hip. This paradox suggests that osteoporosis development may start in childhood, highlighting the importance of early intervention.
A recent study found that natural mentoring relationships had a significant impact on teens' lives, reducing the likelihood of gang involvement and substance abuse. However, these benefits were often outweighed by other risk factors such as poverty and family relationships.
A recent study found that smoking reduces wealth by approximately $410 per year for every smoker, with the wealth gap growing over time. The study analyzed data from about 8,900 people and found that non-smokers had a net worth of around $50,000 in 1998, while heavy smokers had significantly lower wealth.
A study by Penn State found that high added sugar intake in preschoolers leads to low consumption of essential nutrients and food groups. Children with high added sugar levels had the lowest intake of vitamins, minerals, grains, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products.
A study of 295 older men found that those who maintained daily physical activity had less cognitive decline than those who reduced or stopped activity. Physical activities of medium-to-low intensity, such as walking three miles per day, were associated with the least cognitive decline.
A study of 642 men aged 60+ found that those with higher bone lead levels in the tibia were more likely to develop cataracts. The researchers suggest that reducing lead exposure could help decrease the global burden of cataract, a condition affecting over 40% of blindness cases.
This study explores the relationship between adolescent personality characteristics and environmental risk factors. It reveals that possessing protective assets like self-esteem and problem-solving skills may not be enough to counteract the negative effects of multiple risk factors across various settings. Instead, community-based inte...
A study of 354 elderly patients found that 59% experienced cognitive decline immediately after surgery, with declines persisting three months later. The study suggests that early improvement followed by later decline is a common pattern in postoperative cognitive function.
Research by Dr. Riley found that children aged 6-11 can complete age-appropriate health questionnaires and provide reliable information about their health. The Child Health and Illness Profiles assessment tools, including the CHIP-CE, have been shown to predict future healthcare use.
A study of 819 early adolescents found that unsupervised out-of-home care and lack of parental monitoring predict increased problem behaviors. In contrast, consistent adult supervision and community engagement appear protective against these issues.
A study found that the overall prevalence of chlamydial infection was 4.19% among young adults aged 18-26, with higher rates among women, black Americans, and those in the south. Gonorrhea prevalence was also significant, with co-infection rates being low.
A recent study published in JAMA found that approximately four out of five newly-disabled older people regain independence within six months. However, recovery is often short-lived, with many experiencing recurrent episodes of disability.
Researchers found that teenagers with lower BMIs had higher average anger control scores, while those with increasing BMI's had decreasing anger expression scores. This suggests that unhealthy ways of expressing anger are associated with overweight in teens.
Researchers found that free testosterone was associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease in men. A Netherlands study also linked higher consumption of fatty fish to reduced impaired cognitive function and speed. In contrast, higher dietary cholesterol intake was associated with increased risk of impaired memory and flexibil...
A new study found that lower family income and parental education levels significantly contribute to the development of depression and obesity among adolescents. The researchers analyzed data from over 15,000 teenagers and found that these socioeconomic factors accounted for a substantial proportion of the disease burden.
A new study found that forgiving others and feeling forgiven were associated with fewer depressive symptoms, life stressors, and improved quality of life. Expressing forgiveness in the context of HIV infection also decreased the likelihood of placing others at risk.
A study of 803 women found that transition through menopause is not accompanied by a decline in working memory and perceptual speed. This research challenges previous assumptions about the effects of menopause on cognitive function, offering new insights for improving memory and addressing related health concerns.
Black students fall further behind White students in both math and reading, with disparities traced to different learning rates, not school differences. Low-income children also lag behind middle-class peers in math and reading during kindergarten and summer before first grade.
A new study led by Janice Kiecolt-Glaser and Ronald Glaser found that caregivers of chronically ill patients experience prolonged immune disregulation, increasing their risk for age-related diseases. The research suggests that chronic stress and caregiving duties can have lasting effects on the immune system.
A longitudinal study found that high fruit and fruit drink consumption predicted an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. However, vitamin C intake was not associated with the risk. The study suggests further research into food-borne toxins may help understand the etiology and prevention of the disease.
Researchers found that quitting smoking has psychological benefits and encourages continued efforts at smoking cessation. However, unsuccessful quitters' declining perceptions of health risk must be changed to help them quit in the future.
A Cornell University library sciences study found that instructors setting minimal bibliographic guidelines for research led to a return of citation levels to pre-Internet era. Students now obtain references from original sources like government papers and legal documents more easily online.
Researchers found associations between altered physiologic systems and geriatric syndrome of frailty in a study of 5,888 community-dwelling individuals. The study suggests that understanding the biology of frailty can help develop interventions to better care for older adults.
Researchers found a link between maternal testosterone levels and increased masculine-typical behavior in girls, but no correlation for boys. The study analyzed data from over 13,000 children born in England and suggests that hormone-related predispositions may play a role in shaping gender roles.
A recent study published in Psychosomatic Medicine found that men are more susceptible to negative health effects from stressful life events. The study, conducted among 2,991 full-time municipal employees, discovered a strong link between major life events and increased psychological problems and impaired health.
African-American patients are 71% as likely as white patients to receive a referral for coronary angiography, but only 63% actually undergo the procedure. Private insurance and patient preference may play roles in the disparity.
A new longitudinal study examines the drinking habits of 450 lesbians in Chicago, comparing them to a larger sample of heterosexual women. The research aims to identify factors that increase or buffer lesbians' risk for alcohol-related problems.
A recent study by Dr. Mark S. Kaplan and colleagues found that regular physician visits and dental check-ups are strongly associated with lower rates of smoking among older adults. The study analyzed data from the Canadian National Population Health Survey, which surveyed over 73,000 households across Canada.
A new study from Ohio State University found that students in racially diverse schools are more likely to form segregated friendships. The research suggests that schools can promote cross-racial friendships by encouraging extracurricular activities that bring together students of different races.
Researchers analyzed seasonal changes in immune system activity among 28 MS patients, finding more activated T-cells during autumn months. However, no significant variation was detected in lesions or relapse rates, challenging previous theories on the topic.
A University of Florida study found a significant generation gap in beliefs about the right to die, with grandparents more likely to believe in individual choice and family members' autonomy. Women were also more likely to support family members' decisions, while strong religious views were less supportive.
A Canadian study found that heavy marijuana use is associated with decreased IQ scores, but light and former use are linked to modest gains. The research, which followed 70 subjects over several years, suggests that the effects of marijuana on intelligence may be more complex than previously thought.
A survey of 300 smokers and nonsmokers aged 14-22 found that concern for others' health is a stronger motivator to quit smoking than fear of one's own health. The study suggests educating young people about secondhand smoke's effects and encouraging nonsmoking teens to speak out should be key elements of anti-tobacco programs.
A groundbreaking study led by Northwestern University aims to understand the health needs of delinquent children over time. The longitudinal study examines factors such as service integration, treatment effectiveness, and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors among 1,800 racially diverse youth.