News on doctoral training and the researchers it produces. Covers PhD and fellowship programs, physician-scientist training, and major training investments.
A new report published in Sleep Health found that reducing work-family conflicts in the workplace can lead to better sleep outcomes. Workers who participated in an intervention aimed at reducing conflict slept an hour more each week and reported greater sleep sufficiency compared to those who did not participate.
Researchers at Monell Center are developing a clinical tool to predict the role of nasal airflow obstruction in smell loss, which affects an estimated 30 million Americans annually. The new methodology may help surgeons identify responsible blockages and improve treatment outcomes for patients undergoing surgery to restore smell.
A new procedure can increase the length of human telomeres by up to 1,000 nucleotides, allowing researchers to generate large numbers of cells for study or drug development. This breakthrough may lead to new ways to treat diseases caused by shortened telomeres.
Kessler Foundation researchers found that subjective and objective cognitive fatigue are independent factors, with increased time on task leading to higher levels of fatigue in MS individuals. Task length was the key factor associated with cognitive fatigue, supporting the Temporal Fatigue hypothesis.
A new study found a significant correlation between Medicaid reimbursement increases for primary care providers and improved appointment availability. The Affordable Care Act's fee bump resulted in a 7.7 percentage point increase in new patient appointment availability.
The article discusses the five main strategies scholars use when writing review articles, highlighting their unique approaches and strengths. Dr. McGaghie emphasizes the importance of recognizing and respecting these traditions while embracing new approaches to research synthesis.
A UMass Medical School study found that long-lived C. elegans mutants spend more time in a frail state than healthy ones, challenging the assumption that longevity and health are linked. The researchers identified genes that control 'healthspan' as separate from those influencing lifespan.
A new review of published research found that differences between organic and conventional milk are not as clear-cut as previously thought. The main factor influencing milk composition is the diet of the cows, not the farming system.
A recent study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that the adjusted risk ratio for heart attacks among HIV-positive patients decreased from an 80% increased risk in 1996 to no increased risk in 2010-2011. The improved care and treatments led by Kaiser Permanente's early awareness of cardiovascular disease risks have result...
Researchers discovered that trauma-related cues from infancy can lower depressive-like behavior in adults, contrary to previous expectations. The study found that these cues altered the brain's serotonin levels, leading to mood uplift and alleviating depression in grown rats.
The Endocrine Society has selected 14 accomplished endocrinologists as winners of the organization's prestigious Laureate Awards. The award recipients include renowned researchers and clinicians recognized for their groundbreaking contributions to the field of endocrinology.
Researchers found that 'normal' metabolizers had better quit rates with varenicline versus the nicotine patch, while slow metabolizers benefited from the nicotine patch. The study suggests treating normal metabolizers with varenicline and slow metabolizers with the nicotine patch could improve quit rates.
Research identifies strong genetic association between apolipoprotein L1 variants and FSGS in African Americans, highlighting the need for targeted therapies. Patients with these variants respond to immunosuppressant treatments but tend to progress more rapidly to kidney failure than others.
Researchers explore how callous attitudes towards women can lead to forced intercourse, even among males without hostility. The study's findings have significant implications for education programs and identifying subtypes of offenders based on motivation and personality traits.
A new study found that resilience, satisfaction with life, and a grateful disposition may protect police officers from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The research, conducted in the New Orleans area during and after Hurricane Katrina, suggested that these protective qualities can mitigate PTSD symptoms even years later.
A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology found that liver cirrhosis is more common than previously thought, affecting approximately 633,000 adults in the US yearly. The study also revealed that 69% of these individuals may not be aware they have the disease.
Researchers aim to predict which genes are expressed in dendritic cells based on specific conditions, aiming to explain why some people survive viral infections while others don't. This knowledge could lead to new treatments for diseases like cancer, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease by understanding faulty gene regulation.
A new study reveals that environmental stress significantly increases the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in individuals with gene mutations, putting them at greater risk of developing the disease. The findings suggest that stressors like high blood pressure, diabetes, and alcohol use may trigger the onset of symptoms in car...
Elderly ICU patients who develop infections are 35% more likely to die within five years. Effective infection prevention programs can extend life by up to 15.55 years and reduce costs by over $150,000 per patient.
A 12-year study found that measles-containing vaccines have an extremely low risk of rare side effects, including neurological disorders and febrile seizures. The study monitored over 120,000 children who received the vaccines and found no increased risk of adverse outcomes.
Researchers found a significant impact of the FTO gene variant on body mass index (BMI) that largely depends on birth year, with stronger correlations in later years. The study suggests that broad environmental changes may alter the effect of the gene variant, highlighting the importance of considering time of birth in genetic studies.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have discovered a safety lock mechanism in the enzyme RAG that prevents helter-skelter clipping of DNA. This discovery provides new insights into how the immune system regulates gene expression and could lead to better understanding of immunodeficiency and cancer.
A daily multivitamin supplement given to pregnant women in rural Bangladesh reduced pre-term births and increased infant birth weight, resulting in healthier babies. The study found that the supplement improved birth outcomes by increasing fetal development time and birth weight.
Rettsyndrome.org has awarded over $3.1 million in grants to researchers worldwide, focusing on basic, translational, and clinical research for Rett syndrome treatment and therapy development. The organization aims to accelerate research from discovery to medicine, covering a spectrum of Rett syndrome research.
Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center discovered that the gene AUTS2, linked to autism spectrum disorders, stimulates other genes in early brain development. The study suggests that AUTS2 may play a key role in controlling a transcriptional program during early brain development.
The La Caixa Foundation is funding 46 PhD students at 18 research centres across Spain, including the Center for Genomic Regulation. The programme aims to train internationally competitive scientists.
A new platform called GUIDE-seq detects unwanted DNA breaks induced by CRISPR-Cas RGNs across the entire human genome. The method is sensitive enough to detect off-target sites at a frequency as low as 0.1 percent in a population of cells.
Researchers found that people exhibit a 'progress bias,' prioritizing movement toward goals over movement away from them. This bias can lead to overestimation of progress and underestimation of setbacks, potentially hindering goal achievement.
Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center developed a genetically engineered pig model to study inherited arrhythmic syndrome, shedding light on the mechanisms of lethal arrhythmias. The model may lead to the development of better treatments for life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
A new study reveals that US workers are prioritizing paid work time over sleep, with short sleepers working longer hours and traveling more. Flexible work start times could be a solution to address this issue and promote better sleep habits.
Researchers identified two compounds that inhibit mitochondrial energy enzyme MDH2, blocking cardiac damage caused by doxorubicin and reducing heart failure risk. The findings suggest that these compounds could improve cancer treatment outcomes while minimizing cardiac toxicity.
Researchers at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine identified a way to assess UTI risk in women after pelvic-floor surgery. The study found that certain urinary bacteria and antimicrobial peptides can identify women at increased risk, suggesting a potential method for improved prevention and treatment strategies.
A new study by the American Cancer Society finds that cigarette smoking causes about three in ten cancer deaths in the United States. The study concludes that reducing smoking prevalence as rapidly as possible should be a top priority for US public health efforts to prevent future cancer deaths.
A recent study published in JAMA found that restricting residents' work hours to 16-24 hours per shift had no impact on patient deaths or readmissions. The researchers analyzed nearly 6.4 million Medicare patient hospital admissions between 2009 and 2012, but found no relative changes in mortality rates during this time period.
A new guide released by the Endocrine Society and IPEN highlights the growing threat of endocrine-disrupting chemicals to human health. The document provides an overview of EDCs, their impact on human health, and policy recommendations to mitigate these effects.
A comprehensive analysis of post-abortion care found major complications occurring in under 1% of cases, with rates varying by age and abortion method. The study suggests that current regulations may be unnecessary, calling into question the need for additional safety measures.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found that blocking a single molecule on microglia restored their function, reversing memory loss and other Alzheimer's-like features in mice. The study suggests that microglia play a crucial role in clearing A-beta protein clusters, which contribute to the disease's progression.
A study found that cancer's gene-control system is disordered, allowing tumors to adapt and evade therapy. The disorder in methylation patterns - a process controlling gene expression - contributes to cancer progression and heterogeneity.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have discovered an effective treatment for small cell lung cancer using the compound THZ1, which targets tumor cells' basic survival machinery. Clinical trials are underway to test its safety and efficacy in human patients.
Researchers will investigate SUDEP's causes, risk factors, and potential interventions through a collaborative effort involving eight US epilepsy centers and one UK center. The grant aims to accelerate progress toward successful interventions by leveraging diverse expertise and combining large datasets.
A study at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that a narrow subset of myeloma cells is responsible for metastasis. The researchers identified 11 genes with functional roles in metastasis and proposed these as potential targets for therapies.
In a groundbreaking clinical trial, nivolumab achieved complete or partial remission in 87% of patients with resistant Hodgkin lymphoma. The treatment targets the immune system, reactivating T cells to attack cancer cells.
A study by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute researchers found that levels of two microRNAs, let-7e and 106b/25, can predict progression-free survival in multiple myeloma patients. The study suggests that these microRNAs may also help doctors determine which patients are likely to have the best responses to different types of therapy.
The SAGE Young Scholars Awards recognize exceptional contributions by young scholars in social-personality psychology. This year's winners, Clayton Critcher, Emily Impett, Nicholas Rule, Jenessa Shapiro, and Jay Van Bavel, will receive $5,000 awards to support their research or travel-related endeavors.
A Penn Medicine study suggests that disruptions in brain memory-related activity after quitting can identify smokers at risk of relapsing. Smokers who failed to quit had decreased activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and reduced suppression of activation in the posterior cingulate cortex, indicating a higher chance of re...
People diagnosed with diabetes in midlife experience significant memory and cognitive problems over the next 20 years, aging their minds five years faster. Controlling blood sugar levels at age 50 can help prevent this decline and delay dementia.
Researchers found that women excel in negotiations involving others, but struggle with self-negotiations. Training and knowledge can help close the gap in favor of women.
A study by Kessler Foundation researchers found that working memory capacity may mediate the relationship between cognitive reserve and long-term memory in individuals with moderate to severe TBI. Cognitive reserve theory suggests that higher intellectual enrichment can confer a protective effect on long-term memory.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in treating epidermolysis bullosa by using induced pluripotent stem cells to grow back healthy skin cells. The new technique, called therapeutic reprogramming, was tested on mice and showed promising results.
Researchers at Penn Medicine identified a protein that predicts post-concussion severity in professional athletes. Elevated levels of calpain-cleaved αII-spectrin N-terminal fragment (SNTF) shortly after sports-related concussion can predict the severity of post-concussion symptoms.
A new study reveals that targeting specific immune cells in the gut can reduce the risk of HIV transmission by 2.7 times. The findings suggest that existing drugs for inflammatory bowel diseases could be effective in treating or preventing HIV infection.
Researchers at UCSF have identified patterns of genetic activity that can be used to diagnose endometriosis and its severity, offering a less invasive alternative to surgery. The test uses machine learning to analyze gene expression patterns in uterine lining cells.
A study found that people tend to accept dates from unattractive partners when faced with a potential date, rather than rejecting them due to concerns about hurting the other person's feelings. This bias was observed even when participants knew they would not meet in person, suggesting that social consideration can influence dating dec...
A study by Indiana University PhD candidates found that heterosexuals are equally supportive of legal benefits for same-sex couples as they are for heterosexual couples, but are less supportive of PDA. Gay and lesbian individuals were also found to be less supportive of certain public displays of affection due to safety concerns.
The study aims to compare VR-based balance treatment with traditional methods for rehabilitating balance dysfunction after TBI. It will evaluate the effectiveness of customizing VR exercises based on individual ability levels and assess dual-task VR training for improving balance.
The study, Mouse ENCODE, compared mouse and human genome regulatory elements to understand similarities and differences in gene control. Researchers found that the general principles of gene regulation are similar but with distinct details between species.
Researchers from Drexel University presented various public health topics at the American Public Health Association meeting in 2014. Amy Carroll-Scott's session focused on understanding and building resilience for healthier communities, while Nicole Vaughn's work explored supporting community leaders in high-crime neighborhoods.
Researchers at SUNY Downstate Health Science University found that Neanderthal nasal complexes were not adaptively inferior to those of modern humans. The study suggests competition with Homo sapiens led to their extinction, rather than poor adaptation to cold climate.
Researchers have identified a second protein, THSD7A, associated with membranous nephropathy, a common cause of kidney failure. This finding allows for the development of a new blood test to diagnose and monitor the disease, providing additional tools for clinicians to follow treatment response.
Researchers at UMass Chan Medical School will explore the molecular basis of Fragile X syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting 1 in 4,000 males and females. They aim to identify therapeutic targets by investigating three molecules that slow down mRNA translation in mice.