News on doctoral training and the researchers it produces. Covers PhD and fellowship programs, physician-scientist training, and major training investments.
In a pilot study, older adults aged 60+ reduced their sitting time by an average of 27 minutes per day through coaching. Participants reported improved ability to perform everyday tasks and fewer symptoms of depression. The study suggests that reducing sedentary behavior in older adults could have significant health benefits.
Researchers found a pattern of white matter damage and gray matter atrophy associated with facial affect recognition impairment in individuals with TBI. This deficit may impact social functioning, relationships, and daily life.
A new study found disruptions in brain connectivity among infants exposed to prenatal cocaine, potentially leading to arousal dysregulation. The research used MRI scans to investigate the impact of maternal drug use during pregnancy on newborn brain function.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital identified a protein called TREML4 that amplifies the cellular response to TLR7 receptor activation, leading to lupus symptoms. Suppressing this pathway may offer new hope for treating autoimmune disorders.
A study published by the American Psychological Association found no association between excessive use of first-person singular pronouns and narcissistic tendencies. The research used a large sample size of over 4,800 participants and multiple narcissism measures, suggesting that I-talk may not be a reliable indicator of narcissism.
A new molecule designed to specifically target a cancer-causing transcription factor has shown potential to extend survival in some leukemia patients. The small molecule, AI-10-49, inhibits the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by sequestering an oncogenic mutant, leaving normal transcription factor activity intact.
A study by the American Psychological Association found that older executives have higher crystallized intelligence, but lower fluid intelligence, which involves reasoning and problem-solving abilities. The researchers suggest that employers should be cautious when using tests of inductive reasoning to avoid age discrimination.
A research team has isolated energy-burning beige fat from adult humans, which can convert unhealthy white fat into healthy brown fat. This discovery holds promise for developing new medications to fight obesity by recruiting and activating human brown fat.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience found correlations between family income and brain structure in children and adolescents, with the poorest families showing the largest differences. The research suggests that increasing access to resources may improve brain development and cognition.
Researchers found the genetic signature of enterovirus D68 in half of California and Colorado children diagnosed with acute flaccid myelitis, linking it to a new strain with potential for causing neurological symptoms. The study suggests that individual biology may also play a role in determining disease presentation.
Researchers at Elhuyar Fundazioa have developed new photonic systems for optical fiber sensing applications, enabling remote monitoring of sensors up to 253 kilometers away. The systems use compact, electrically passive sensors that can be embedded in the fiber and are immune to electromagnetic fields.
Patricia Hall, Ph.D., of Emory University received the 2015 Richard King Trainee Award for her high-quality research on newborn screening published in Genetics in Medicine. The award recognizes outstanding contributions to the field of medical genetics and genomics.
The Pfizer/ACMG Foundation Clinical Genetics Combined Residency for Translational Genomic Scholars Fellowship Award provides clinical research training in biochemical genetics, including lysosomal storage diseases and therapeutics. The award grants $75,000 per year to three recipients selected by the ACMG Foundation.
The FARE Investigator in Food Allergy Awards support early and mid-career researchers expanding scientific understanding of food allergy through education and basic and clinical research. Recipients include Jessica O'Konek and Duane Wesemann, who will investigate nanoemulsion-based vaccines and the influence of microbial exposures on p...
A study examining the use of Actual Reality in traumatic brain injury (TBI) found that individuals with TBI had difficulty performing internet-based tasks. The results suggest that Actual Reality is a potential tool for capturing the status of everyday functional activity in this population, supporting its use in clinical assessments.
A new study by the Cornell Food & Brand Lab found that women who watch cooking shows for entertainment and don't often cook tend to weigh less than those who watch for inspiration and cook from scratch. The researchers surveyed 501 women aged 20-35 and discovered a significant association between TV viewing habits and weight.
A new study published in Medical Care found that specific health system factors, including prescriptions with a 90-day supply and lower copayments, nearly doubled the likelihood of patients adhering to prescribed heart and diabetes medications. The study examined nearly 130,000 Kaiser Permanente members with diabetes and aged 65 or older.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that expanding blood pressure screenings to non-primary care settings can help identify more patients with high blood pressure and improve management. The study reported that patients identified with hypertension in non-primary care settings were more likely to be older, male, and non-Hispanic white.
Researchers developed a multicolored CRISPR/Cas9 labeling system to precisely measure the distance between chromosomes and genetic elements. The system enabled scientists to map chromosomal loci in live human cells, revealing key insights into gene accessibility and expression.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have developed a conceptual model defining three sources of patient dignity: shared humanity, personal narrative, and autonomy. The study identifies four consensus areas relevant to treatment with respect and dignity in the ICU, including treating patients as human beings, unique individuals, and entitled t...
Researchers have discovered a multifunctional protein called BAI1, which is involved in limiting the growth of brain tumors but also critical for spatial learning and memory. Mice lacking BAI1 exhibit changes in neural responses and structure, leading to impaired spatial memory acquisition.
A study published in Nature Medicine found that a novel drug candidate, harmine, can drive human insulin-producing beta cells to multiply and triple the number of beta cells in mice. This breakthrough could potentially lead to more effective treatment for diabetes.
Researchers at Stanford University and the University of Copenhagen have used ancient DNA to identify the ethnic origins of three African-born slaves found in the Caribbean. The study, published in PNAS, marks a significant breakthrough in genealogical research and sheds light on the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
Researchers have identified a naturally occurring protein in the brain that can act to suppress binge alcohol drinking. The study found that Neuropeptide Y (NPY) increases inhibition on cells producing corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), leading to reduced binge drinking.
A study of 31 years of data found that men scored higher in narcissism across multiple generations and age groups. The researchers also found that men are more likely to exhibit entitlement and assertiveness, but not vanity or self-absorption.
Researchers at MGH and BWH identified the exact mechanism by which presenilin mutations in inherited Alzheimer's disease produce devastating effects. They found that these mutations decrease, rather than increase, function of the presenilin-1 protein and gamma-secretase enzyme.
Researchers developed an Internet-based coping skills training program to support women with alcoholic partners, reducing stress and depression by 50% or more. The program aims to empower women to focus on their own needs and improve communication with their partners.
A year-long study found that brief counseling sessions could lower heavy drinking levels among many college students, with most returning to baseline levels within a year. The intervention was more effective for light drinkers and those who were younger, female, and less experienced.
Research highlights psychology's contributions to cancer risk reduction, treatment adherence, quality of life, and survivorship. Psychological science helps individuals modify unhealthy behaviors that can lead to disease, and enhances the lives of people who have survived or are living with cancer.
Researchers found that brain cells coding for direction remained electrically active during deep sleep as they were during wake time, with visual and vestibular cues guiding them. This discovery could help develop navigational treatments for Alzheimer's and other neurological disorders.
The Association for Gerontology in Higher Education (AGHE) recognizes excellence in gerontological education and training. The recent award recipients include Suzanne R. Kunkel, Jennifer C. Mendez, Dena Shenk, Eleanor Krassen Covan, Feliciano Villar, Montserrat Celdran, Josep Fabà, Graham D. Rowles, Katherine Humber, Tina Kruger Newsha...
Researchers have discovered a neuroprotective compound that limits brain damage during ischemia associated with stroke and other brain injuries while minimizing side effects. The pH-dependent NMDA receptor antagonist, 93-31, reduces damaged brain tissue by over half in mouse models.
Researchers found that expansion of insurance coverage in Massachusetts increased elective knee and hip replacement procedures by 4.7 percent, with greater increases among black and Hispanic patients. The study suggests improved access to healthcare for racial/ethnic minorities, leading to better health outcomes.
Researchers deciphered the signaling pathways associated with immortal cells, which work in parallel to suppress terminal differentiation. The discovery enables the use of purified proteins to reduce contamination and accelerate clinical application.
Researchers have discovered that inflammation causes molecular bonds to form within mucus in cystic fibrosis, making it thicker and more difficult to clear. A potential new therapeutic approach targeting disulfide bonds has been identified, offering hope for improved treatment options.
The Endocrine Society has selected 22 winners of the Helmsley Charitable Trust Abstract Awards in Type 1 Diabetes, recognizing outstanding work in clinical care and underlying mechanisms. The award winners will present their research at ENDO 2015 and received travel grants to attend.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina Health Care found that the Rasa3 protein is critical to the success of Plavix, a common anti-platelet drug. The discovery could lead to more personalized approaches to controlling platelet activity and developing new compounds aimed at altering platelet function.
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have identified a critical protein called C protein that enables heart muscle fibers to contract synchronously. This discovery could lead to new treatments for severe arrhythmias that cause sudden death, affecting millions worldwide.
Researchers have identified a new gene, TBK1, associated with sporadic ALS, highlighting the importance of inflammation and autophagy pathways. The study also found that OPTN may be a major player in the disease, interacting physically and functionally with TBK1.
A comprehensive assessment of cellulose nanocrystal environmental toxicity is crucial for their industrial applications. The latest evidence highlights potential adverse health effects through various types of exposure.
Researchers have assembled a comprehensive map of the human epigenome, detailing epigenetic markers in 111 cell types and tissues. This resource will aid in understanding the molecular basis of disease and lead to new treatments.
The comprehensive maps and analyses of the epigenomes of human cells and tissues will provide new insights into normal development and disruption in disorders such as cancer, autism, and heart disease. The data will also be valuable in studying autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and other conditions.
Research published by the American Psychological Association found that unemployment can lead to changes in personality traits such as conscientiousness and openness. The study suggests that policies to reduce unemployment are vital for enabling positive personality growth in individuals.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University found that the period between final cancer treatment and first post-treatment checkup is a critical time for healthy lifestyle changes. Family members expressed strong intentions to engage in health-promoting behaviors, but also reported high levels of emotional distress.
A new study led by the University of Colorado Boulder found that small differences in institutional prestige significantly impact faculty job placement. The research team analyzed data from 19,000 current faculty members and found that top-10 schools produced more faculty than lower-ranked institutions.
A new study has discovered how the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) regulates immune cells in response to kidney injury. The research found that HO-1 directs a specific subset of myeloid cells to and from the kidney, which helps protect against poor recovery after acute kidney injury.
A new discovery by scientists at the University of Turku reveals a key role for the plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP) in regulating the transport of proteins and migration of white blood cells into lymph nodes. The findings provide insights into rapid defence responses in the human immune system.
A 12-year study by Kaiser Permanente found that common surgical procedures for precancerous cervical lesions do not decrease women's chances of becoming pregnant. In fact, women who had these procedures were more likely to become pregnant than those who did not.
A study published in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology reveals a key signaling pathway that helps protect healthy tissue from excessive immune activation. This finding may lead to improved treatment options for patients with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Researchers at MGH have identified characteristics, including gene expression differences, that indicate which patients recovering from severe burns are at greatest risk for repeat infections. The study could lead to personalized therapies and more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
A team of researchers is exploring the blood of Ebola virus disease survivors to identify antibodies and immune cells that could help doctors fight future infections. The study aims to develop fully human antibodies targeting the Ebola viruses to guide the development of improved therapeutics and vaccines.
A university partnership between Karolinska Institutet and Makerere University in Uganda has enabled students to tackle locally relevant health research questions while gaining international experience. The partnership has achieved zero brain drain, strengthening both institutions' global health initiatives.
A Stanford study found that antibody-producing immune cells called B cells play a key role in the delayed onset of dementia after stroke. The presence of these cells, which are normally found only in the blood, can be linked to cognitive decline and memory loss in stroke patients.
Researchers are developing a stress-eating smartphone app called RELAX, which will track daily activities, eating patterns, and stress levels. The app aims to provide coaching for dietary choices and guided stress-reduction exercises to help users better understand their emotional eating habits.
The Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation has awarded over $3.76 million in fellowships and Breakthrough Scientist awards to 15 new recipients, providing them with independent funding to pursue innovative projects. The fellows will focus on novel ideas and approaches to combat cancer.
The JOBS Act has led to a 25% surge in initial public offerings (IPOs), with three-quarters coming from the biotechnology/pharmaceutical industry. The study found that companies heavily invested in product research and development benefit most from the act's provisions.
A team of UNC genetics researchers discovered how two genes interact to trigger cancer and spur its development. The research found that ARID1A and PIK3CA mutations led to the overproduction of Interleukin-6, a cytokine crucial for cell signaling that triggers inflammation.
Fossilized remains of ancient snakes dating back 140-167 million years old have been discovered, revealing a complex evolutionary history and challenging current understanding of snake origins. The study suggests that the evolution of characteristic snake features occurred earlier than previously thought.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have developed a novel method to generate transplantable corneal stem cells, which may benefit patients with life-altering forms of blindness. The study shows that these cells can differentiate into corneal cells in the laboratory, offering a promising treatment option.
Laurie Sanders, a Pitt assistant professor of neurology, will receive the William N. & Bernice E. Bumpus Foundation Innovation Award. The award supports her research on unrepaired mtDNA damage and its role in Parkinson's disease development.