Articles tagged with Cost Effectiveness
A new mathematical model predicts that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) could substantially reduce the lifetime risk of HIV infection, but its cost-effectiveness varies depending on target population and drug costs. With modest improvements, PrEP might be as effective as other public health interventions.
New analysis by University of Cincinnati researchers found that genetic testing to guide initial dosing of warfarin may not be worth the costs for typical patients. However, it could be beneficial for those at high risk of major bleeding. The study suggests that testing should be done in-house and at lower cost without delays.
The DIAMOND study found that treatment success is similar for patients receiving step-up or step-down treatment for new onset indigestion. However, the step-up strategy was more cost-effective at six months due to lower medication costs.
Researchers found that applying municipal leaves to soil surface increased clean pumpkin fruit percentage by up to 25% compared to bare soil. This study provides a win-win solution for farmers and taxpayers, reducing leaf disposal costs while improving soil health.
A study by researchers at Rush University Medical Center suggests that decompressive surgery without fusion for spinal stenosis offers good value and that fusion surgery for spondylolithesis offers less value. The study analyzed over 3,900 patients and found that laminectomy costs $77,000 per QALY gained, while spinal fusion surgery co...
A collaborative effort between Procter & Gamble and the University of Cincinnati has developed a center of expertise in computer simulation. The UC Simulation Center provides P&G with virtual modeling and simulation capacity, saving costs, time, and engineering resources.
New treatments for advanced kidney cancer have shown promising results but are unlikely to be adopted in the UK due to high costs. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has provisionally ruled out using four new drugs, citing cost-effectiveness concerns.
Double-balloon enteroscopy is a cost-effective approach for patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, offering reduced costs and complications compared to other diagnostic methods. The study suggests that an initial capsule-directed double-balloon enteroscopy may be preferred over other options due to its potential for fewer com...
A cost-effectiveness analysis of Insite, Canada's supervised safe injection site, concludes that it saves $14 million over 10 years while preventing 920 life-years lost to HIV and Hepatitis C. The study suggests that Insite is almost certainly cost-saving to Canadian society.
A new study reveals that Canada's supervised injection facility, Insite, saves the healthcare system millions of dollars while extending life-years by 920 over a decade. The facility's implementation reduces HIV and Hepatitis C cases, increases methadone treatment referrals, and decreases drug overdose rates.
A University of New South Wales researcher calls for a more flexible approach to vaccine funding, considering quality-of-life impacts. This could lead to improved productivity, reduced sick leave for parents, and enhanced herd immunity against diseases such as chickenpox and shingles.
A computer-based model suggests that early initiation of antiretroviral therapy and CD4 count monitoring provide significant health benefits in low- and middle-income countries. This approach was associated with a substantial increase in life expectancy and reduction in lifetime medical costs compared to symptom-based strategies.
A recent study suggests that genetic testing for HLA-B*5701 is cost-effective when used to guide abacavir-based treatment, but not if compared to tenofovir-based treatment. The test costs less than the alternative treatment, making it a more affordable option.
Research highlights the importance of community involvement in primary health care, with systematic reviews identifying effective interventions to reduce maternal and child mortality. Inclusion of these evidence-based interventions can prevent up to 32% of maternal deaths and 40% of post-neonatal deaths.
Regular breast cancer screening programs in developed countries show promise for reducing mortality in India. A new study estimates that annual or biennial clinical breast exams can lower mortality rates by 8.2% and gain life years at a cost-effectiveness of $1,135 per life-year gained.
A five-year randomized trial found that patients participating in health tests and consultations demonstrated lower risk of heart and cardiovascular diseases. The impact of testing was also cost-effective, with no increase in healthcare system contacts and improved life expectancy.
The study suggests that universal vaccine coverage in young adolescent girls, initial catch-up efforts for women under 21, and revised screening policies can significantly reduce cervical cancer rates. Vaccination is predicted to be economically attractive if achieved in 12-year-old girls with long-lasting protection.
The study found a significant decrease in child pneumonia mortality rates after introducing improved oxygen systems, with a 35% lower risk of death. The cost-effectiveness of this system was also compared to other public-health interventions, with favorable results.
A U-M study finds that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a cost-effective way to prevent upper GI bleeding in patients taking aspirin for cardiac events. Starting PPI therapy at age 50 or older is estimated to be highly cost-effective, while starting at younger ages may only be marginally so.
A recent study published in Academic Emergency Medicine found that using a 64-slice CT scanner to evaluate low-risk chest pain patients in the emergency room is more cost-effective than current standard of care. The study shows improved patient outcomes and reduced costs by avoiding overnight stays in observation units and cardiac stre...
A new low-cost IVF scheme aims to provide fertility treatment for women in developing countries, tackling high infertility rates and cultural barriers. The program offers affordable IVF for under $200, integrating it into existing healthcare services to address the growing need for fertility treatment.
Researchers recommend HIV screening for most adults aged 55 to 75 due to its cost-effectiveness and potential to prolong life. The study found that screening in this age group could add half a year to the life of an HIV-positive patient under 65 and four months for those over 65.
A Saint Louis University study found that patients with advanced heart failure may not benefit from implantable cardiac devices due to their underlying illness. The researchers identified two red flags: prolonged hospitalization and use of inotropic therapy, which are associated with higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
A new study found that whole milk is just as effective as a diluted barium suspension in imaging the gastrointestinal tract via CT scans. The study also revealed that whole milk was less expensive, had better patient acceptance, and fewer adverse symptoms compared to the barium suspension.
Research published in Occupational and Environmental Medicine reveals that individuals with ADHD complete 1 month's worth of work in a year. Employers may benefit from implementing workplace screening programs to support affected workers, as effective treatments can improve performance.
The American College of Physicians recommends establishing a national research organization to improve physician and patient access to clinical and cost-effectiveness information. This would help address the current lack of reliable data on healthcare interventions' effectiveness, leading to more informed decision-making.
The UK's NICE rejected abatacept for treating rheumatoid arthritis due to its estimated cost-effectiveness ratio. Despite being one of the most effective treatments, it was deemed too expensive for the NHS. The decision has raised concerns about balancing clinical efficacy with resource constraints.
A computer model developed by Penn State University and the University of Cambridge recommends tailored strategies to manage gypsy moths, focusing on medium-density infestations to reduce high-density ones. The model aims to save time and money for land managers while slowing the spread of invasive species across the US.
The RAND Corporation study provides a framework for developing cost-effective plans to secure passenger-rail systems. The report identifies 17 security improvement options, including canine teams and vehicle surveillance systems, which can effectively address the threat of explosive devices and other forms of attacks.
A new study in The Lancet Chronic Diseases Series concludes that various interventions, including tobacco control, salt reduction, and multidrug regimens, are cost-effective and should be scaled up globally. These measures have been shown to lead to substantial reductions in cardiovascular disease mortality.
Two studies show that increasing Quitline services and offering free nicotine patches significantly increase quit rates, with over 21% of smokers quitting after intensive counseling. The added cost is offset by increased effectiveness, making these services a cost-effective way to reduce smoking rates.
A Dutch study found that tonsillectomy was not cost-effective for mild or moderate throat infection symptoms in young children. The procedure increased annual costs by 46% without significant health benefits, according to the study.
A new study suggests that drug-eluting stents are not cost-effective for low-risk patients due to higher costs and lower quality-adjusted life years. However, the treatment is found to be beneficial in high-risk patients with small vessel or bypass-graft stenting.
A study by researchers at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health found that reducing class sizes from 22-25 students to 13-17 students in kindergarten through grade 3 nationwide generates more quality-adjusted life-year gains per dollar invested than most medical interventions. This results in significant lifetime revenue ...
A UT research team aims to develop cost-effective methods for analyzing and cleaning up contaminated sites with dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), which pose a major problem at many DOD facilities. The project could lead to significant cost savings, potentially running into the billions of dollars.
A new study found that pill box organizers significantly improved HIV patients' adherence to medication, leading to better viral suppression and reduced risk of disease progression. The inexpensive tool was associated with a 4% improvement in adherence and an estimated 11% reduction in the risk of clinical AIDS.
Researchers found that universal bone densitometry followed by oral bisphosphonate therapy may be cost-effective for certain older men with or without prior fractures. The study suggested that this strategy could reduce the absolute 10-year incidence of clinical fractures among older men with a prior fracture.
Research at Harvard Medical School found that uninsured adults before age 65 require more intensive and costlier care than those with private insurance. This can lead to costly complications and reduced health needs after age 65.
Two new studies found that switching to exemestane and adding trastuzumab improves disease-free survival and life expectancy in early breast cancer patients, at minimal additional cost. The treatments have been projected to save thousands of dollars per patient over their lifetime.
Researchers found that fortification of staple cereal flours with high-dose NaFeEDTA significantly reduces anaemia and iron-deficiency in children. The supplement improved three major iron status indicators, including haemoglobin and plasma ferritin concentrations. In contrast, electrolytic iron had little effect on these indicators.
Researchers have developed a patented pretreatment process for biomass, ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), making the breakdown of cellulose more efficient. This technology has the potential to replace gasoline and diesel with cheaper, better-for-the-environment biofuels.
A new study finds that virtual colonoscopy with removal of lesions 6 mm or greater is the most cost-effective colon cancer screening test. The study reveals that targeting smaller lesions has little impact on reducing CRC incidence and increases financial costs, while also leading to adverse events.
A new study finds that higher doses of statins are cost-effective for patients with recent heart attacks, but may not provide significant benefits for those with stable coronary artery disease. The analysis could help evaluate the cost-effectiveness of other medications and treatments.
Endoscopic ligation is cost-effective for cirrhotic patients if quality-adjusted life years are considered. Ligation prevents more deaths and episodes, but is not as cost-effective when only life-years are considered.
A new study reveals that expert centers with extensive experience in managing cancer are more cost-effective over time, providing significantly longer quality-adjusted survival compared to less experienced medical centers. High-volume multidisciplinary centers also show better outcomes for ovarian cancer patients.
A study found that pneumococcal vaccination can prevent 262,000 child deaths annually. The vaccine's net cost of $838 million is considered cost-effective due to the significant reduction in child mortality.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that antiretroviral resistance testing significantly improves life expectancy and quality of life for HIV patients. The study also revealed cost savings for society, including reduced healthcare costs and increased productivity.
A mathematical model suggests that one-time screening of adults age 50 or older for malignant melanoma is very cost-effective, with costs totaling $10,100 per quality-adjusted life year gained. Screening every two years may also be cost-effective, depending on disease progression rates.
A study of 119 physician groups found that integrated medical groups delivered higher quality care on four of six measures than individual practice associations. Routine, voluntary rapid HIV testing for all adults, except those with low prevalence, is cost-effective and supported by the CDC recommendation.
A simulation of dozens of studies suggests providing minimal enhanced care for employees' depression would result in cumulative savings to employers. This approach reduces absenteeism and employee turnover costs, yielding a net savings of $4,633 per 1,000 workers.
A cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that enhanced depression screening and care can reduce costs for employers. The program, which includes telephone counseling and depression management strategies, is estimated to save $2,895 per 1,000 workers over five years due to reduced absenteeism and employee turnover costs.
A new cost-benefit analysis suggests that the most expensive combination cancer treatment may actually be the most cost-effective in the long run. The study found that patients who received induction chemotherapy and radiation therapy had better outcomes and saved money on treating complications and recurrences.
A five-year project funded by The Atlantic Philanthropies aims to improve Vietnam's health system by gathering detailed birth and death data. UQ health experts will work with Vietnamese researchers and government personnel to develop policy, advanced mortality, and cost-effectiveness analyses.
A mathematical model predicts that IVF treatment is more efficient and likely to result in pregnancy after the first trial. Offering IVF first is more cost-effective than offering IUI alone or followed by IVF if IUI fails, saving £174,200 for an additional 54 couples.
Regier and colleagues found that patient self-management is a cost-effective strategy for patients receiving long-term oral anticoagulation. The study suggests this approach can provide similar health benefits without the added costs of physician management over a 5-year period.
A new study suggests that expensive heart rhythm treatment LACA is cost-effective for younger patients with certain risk factors, while older patients or those without additional risk factors may not benefit from the procedure. The analysis used computer modeling to compare costs and benefits of LACA versus traditional drug therapy.
A new study by Stanford Medicine researchers found that the first osteoporosis medication, teriparatide, is not cost-effective compared to alendronate. The researchers suggest that teriparatide should be given only to high-risk patients who don't tolerate standard treatments.
A new study reveals a growing osteoporosis crisis in Latin America, with higher prevalence rates than expected. The study's findings highlight the need for increased attention and funding from governments to address this growing health issue. In contrast, North American diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis are influenced by socioeco...
A study found that breast MRI screening can be cost-effective for BRCA1 mutation carriers, particularly when mammography is insensitive. Adding annual MRI from ages 35-54 is cost-effective among all BRCA1 carriers and those with high-risk due to aggressive cancer types
A series of articles ranks preventive services by their cost-effectiveness and population health benefits, highlighting influenza vaccines and colorectal cancer screening as top priorities. The studies show that these services can save thousands of years of life and prevent deaths, with significant potential for improving overall healt...