Articles tagged with Cost Effectiveness
Researchers found a short (7-day) course of amphotericin along with high-dose fluconazole for at least 2 weeks is the most cost-effective and least toxic treatment for cryptococcal meningitis. This regimen is significantly cheaper and less toxic than the current WHO-recommended treatment, which results in more deaths.
In Niger, child mortality rates dropped significantly between 1998 and 2009, with deaths per 1,000 live births decreasing from 226 to 128. The country's universal healthcare system and scale-up of insecticide-treated bed nets, vitamin A supplementation, and community-based treatment also contributed to the decline.
A 12-week group yoga intervention programme has been found to be likely to provide a cost-effective treatment for patients with chronic or recurrent low back pain. The study, led by the University of York, shows that the programme is associated with fewer days off work and reduced healthcare costs.
A landmark HIV treatment-as-prevention study has found that providing antiretroviral treatment to HIV-infected individuals earlier, when their immune systems are healthier, delays AIDS-related health events such as chronic herpes simplex virus and tuberculosis. Earlier treatment is also cost-effective as it increases survival, prevents...
A new analysis of the HPTN 052 study results shows that early antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a triple winner: improving patient health, protecting partners, and being very cost-effective. The strategy can increase survival, prevent costly opportunistic infections, and avert early transmissions.
The University of Nottingham is part of a €10 million European project to develop cost-effective solar generated electricity. The team aims to fabricate high-efficiency solar cells using advanced thin film technologies, solving issues with current commercialized cells.
A study published in the British Medical Journal found that simple exercises, such as turning head and nodding neck, reduced dizziness within weeks and improved quality of life for over a year. The researchers urge GPs to distribute exercise booklets to patients with persistent dizziness.
A cost-effectiveness analysis found that improving quality of care for sick children in district hospitals in Kenya is affordable and effective, with a significant increase in care quality and low additional costs. The intervention was estimated to be approximately $3.6 million annually, or 0.6% of the annual child health budget.
A new process creates high-energy biofuel from biomass, with potential to be economically viable when crude oil is around $100 per barrel. The method has significant advantages over traditional methods and could become even more economical with a federal carbon tax.
A major new study published in The Lancet found that all babies should be offered screening for heart defects at birth, with pulse oximetry showing high accuracy and effectiveness in detecting the condition. The research included data on close to 230,000 babies and showed that pulse oximetry picked up over three-quarters of heart defects.
Investing in C-sections could be a cost-effective solution to reduce maternal deaths in developing countries. The study found that C-sections would be highly cost-effective for 48 of the 49 included countries, making them economically favorable for improving maternal outcomes.
A new study by Harvard Medical School researchers found that C-sections are a cost-effective means of improving health in the developing world. The study's median economic benefit of death and disability prevented outweighs the cost of procedures 6 to 1, with an average return on investment of $6 for every $1 invested.
A new report identifies strategies to improve the marketplace for malaria bed nets, aiming to save up to $630 million for the global community. The report suggests modifying policies to reduce costs and create market incentives for private enterprises to produce better-performing nets.
A recent study reveals wide variance in results from the Thai Million Baht Village Fund, a large-scale microfinance program. Households' responses to increased credit vary greatly, with some reducing consumption and saving for larger investments.
The report summarizes past research on cost and outcomes associated with online learning in higher education and offers strategies for K-12 settings. It recommends broadening access to quality online resources to increase opportunities for students in remote locations or low-enrollment schools.
A new study published in The Milbank Quarterly found that US cancer screening services are less cost-effective than those in the Netherlands, despite conducting three to four times more screenings. Despite similar mortality rates, practical cost savings depend on how preventive services are implemented.
A research team from UCF created a new structure that layers cheaper elements with gold and palladium to enhance energy conversion rates in hydrogen fuel cells. This approach could make the technology more cost-effective and practical for large-scale use.
Researchers found that lowering the HbA1c cutoff from 6.4% to 5.7% increases the health benefits of preventive interventions, while also being cost-effective with a higher threshold.
A Seminar published in The Lancet calls for improved long-term monitoring of knee replacement implant outcomes using national registries. This will provide patients and surgeons with high-quality evidence to assess different implants and techniques, ultimately enhancing clinical decision-making.
A research team led by Brandeis Professor Donald Shepard is investigating the cost-effectiveness of a new malaria prevention strategy involving a wallpaper-like liner technology. The technology has shown promising results in reducing malaria infections by 38 percent in Kenya.
A study published by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine finds that in utero surgery is more cost-effective for children with spina bifida, resulting in improved quality of life. The study also highlights the significant healthcare costs associated with caring for a child with significant deficits.
A new study published in Archives of Ophthalmology found that replacing Medicare's visual acuity screenings with coverage for dilated eye exams for healthy patients could be highly cost-effective. The research used a Monte Carlo cost-effectiveness simulation model to analyze the costs and benefits of this policy change.
A new OSU study suggests that existing biofuel policies have been costly and ineffective in reducing fossil fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions. The researchers found that alternative energy efficiency improvements would be more effective in reducing emissions.
Researchers found that providing prophylaxis to the uninfected partner could be cost-effective, at least as effective as initiating antiretroviral therapy earlier. This strategy may become a valuable addition to existing HIV prevention approaches.
A new analysis of the PARTNER trial found that TAVR via the femoral artery is more cost-effective than SAVR for eligible high-risk patients, while transapical approach yields unattractive results from a health economic perspective. The study suggests that refinement of the transapical approach could improve outcomes and reduce costs.
A study by Frank Cobelens and colleagues found that the Xpert MTB/RIF diagnostic test is cost-effective for TB diagnosis in high-burden countries. The test reduces years of life lost due to TB, making it a highly cost-effective investment.
A study published in Annals of Internal Medicine finds that proactive screening for hepatitis C among the birth cohort (1945-1965) is cost-effective and can identify over 800,000 currently unidentified cases. This strategy could save thousands of lives each year compared to current case identification methods.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have developed a new type of molecular sieve that can speed up filtration processes and reduce energy consumption. The breakthrough uses ultra-thin zeolite nanosheets to create more efficient separation membranes, promising cost savings in fuel and plastics production.
A new stratified approach to managing back pain in primary care has been shown to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. The trial found that this tailored approach can significantly reduce disability scores, fear, depression, and improved general health compared to conventional care.
A study found that pressure reduction foam mattresses and foam cleansers for incontinence care are cost-effective in reducing the risk of bedsores in long-term care residents. The researchers estimated average savings of $115 and $179 per resident, respectively.
A study published in PLoS Medicine found that early treatment of HIV significantly reduces mortality by 75 percent. The researchers also found that the benefits of early ART outweigh its costs, making it a cost-effective intervention in resource-poor settings.
A cost-effectiveness study found that early antiretroviral treatment (ART) is cost-effective in resource-poor settings like Haiti. The study supports the implementation of the new WHO guidelines for early ART initiation, which recommend treatment for all HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts below 350 cells/mm3.
Researchers found that virtual stroke care using two-way audio-video telemedicine is cost-effective for rural hospitals without a neurologist on staff. The study suggests that improved reimbursement rates and equipment costs could greatly diminish the disparity in stroke care between urban and rural areas.
Researchers found that telestroke, a two-way audio-video telemedicine system, is cost-effective for rural hospitals without around-the-clock neurologists. The study calculated the cost-effectiveness of telestroke by comparing costs and quality-adjusted life years of stroke patients treated with telestroke versus usual care.
The deployment of speed cameras in urban areas saves vast amounts of money by reducing the number of road traffic accidents. This financial analysis reveals net savings of up to £20.17 million over two years.
A new INFORMS study proves that mathematical models of hepatitis B interventions are cost-effective and have saved millions of lives. The models verified the effectiveness of screening, treating, and vaccinating millions of Asian and Pacific Islander adults in the US and millions of children in China.
A new study found that bariatric surgery is a cost-effective treatment option for all obese patients, with significant savings in medical costs over lifetime. The analysis suggests that the procedure should be universally available to all obese people, making it a good value and a potential game-changer in obesity treatment.
A study from Stanford University discusses how incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) can be used for individual-level decision-making. By tailoring cost-utility information, clinicians and patients can make more efficient and effective healthcare choices.
Physicians can tailor treatment decisions by assessing the outcome of each treatment on smaller subgroups of patients, streamlining decision-making while keeping expenditures low. The approach aims to provide more accurate cost-benefit analysis for individual patients, complementing population-level analyses.
A study by American Society for Horticultural Science found that a 1-inch topdressing depth applied over 2 years improves turfgrass cover, shoot density, and divot resistance. Topdressing rates above 4 inches accumulate over time may compromise surface strength.
A recent study found that oncologists value life-prolonging treatments more than quality-enhancing ones when making chemotherapy decisions. The authors also noted that there is a lack of standardized methods for analyzing cost-effectiveness in healthcare. This disparity is particularly notable in the United States, where there are no g...
A Penn-led study has identified common clinical activities where changes in practice could lead to higher quality care and better use of finite clinical resources. The 'Top 5' list for internal medicine includes practices such as not overimaging, not overscreening, and using generic statins.
A study analyzed cost-effectiveness of strategies to treat infant tear duct obstruction, finding that immediate office-based probing surgery is more expensive than waiting but slightly less effective. The optimal approach depends on the spontaneous resolution rate, with varying costs and outcomes depending on the setting of intervention.
Researchers found that combining ultrasound with pre-operative MRI is a cost-effective strategy for evaluating rotator cuff tears. The study showed that this hybrid approach can be more cost-effective than using MRI alone, especially in populations with lower pre-test probabilities of rotator cuff tear.
Researchers found that current prevention and screening standards are worth the cost and may need expansion to include more of the population. Screening followed by treatment with a low-cost, high-resistance nucleoside or nucleotide is cost-effective at $29,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained.
Researchers found that a year of healthy life could be saved for around the price of filling up an average family car in the UK. Administering tranexamic acid within three hours of injury saves estimated 755,000 life years per 1,000 bleeding trauma patients in the UK, Tanzania, and India.
The ACR white paper offers strategies for radiologist participation in accountable care organizations (ACOs), combining traditional image interpretation with new value-added services. The ACR is developing tools to assist members in the transition and advocating for radiologist compensation for these services.
A study finds that the UK's current tuberculosis screening policy for immigrants is missing 70% of imported latent infections. Implementing a broader screening program could identify 92% of infected immigrants and reduce future cases of active tuberculosis while remaining cost-effective.
Research provides valuable data on optimal thinning times for commercial peach and nectarine production, with mechanical string blossom thinners showing significant benefits across stages of bloom development. The study found that thinning at the right stage increased fruit size and market value, while reducing follow-up hand-thinning ...
Researchers found that carotid artery stenting (CAS) with embolic protection is a cost-effective alternative to endarterectomy (END), offering reduced post-procedure hospital stay costs. The study results showed lower rates of death, heart attack, major stroke, and repeat carotid revascularization for CAS compared to END.
Cost-effectiveness research is crucial in developing new medical technology to control healthcare costs while maximizing health outcomes. The effects of science and technology on healthcare costs depend on policy context, with current policies resisting the use of cost-effectiveness methods, leading to rising healthcare expenses.
The STABCON project developed a cost-effective solution for treating polluted sediments in ports, using the stabilisation and solidification method. The method involves mixing contaminated sediments with products that bind them to create a solid material containing hazardous substances, reducing environmental harm and costs.
A new University of Michigan study suggests that routine analysis of pediatric tonsillectomy specimens may not be worth the money. The analysis rarely leads to the discovery of hidden disease. Pathologists examine tonsillectomy specimens in two ways, but microscopic examination is nearly three times more expensive than visual inspectio...
Multisystemic therapy (MST) is more effective and costs less than current approaches to juvenile crime treatment, according to a new study. The research, led by University of Missouri professor Charles Borduin, found that MST results in significant cost savings for taxpayers and crime victims.
A new study by Nailya Ordabayeva and Pierre Chandon reveals that increasing equality decreases consumer envy, but also boosts status spending among bottom-tier consumers. In experiments, participants were more likely to spend money on purchases that would improve their social standing when the distribution was less equal.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that neonatal intensive care provides substantial population health benefits in Mexico relative to its costs, even for very premature babies. The study suggests that including neonatal intensive care in Mexico's Seguro Popular program is highly efficient in terms of overall benefits provided com...
A modelling study shows that rectal artesunate can avert 967 DALYs at a cost of $77 per DALY averted, making it a critical stop-gap for treating severe childhood malaria in areas with poor access to healthcare. The intervention has the potential to improve management of sick children at the household and community level.
A combined approach of taxing unhealthy foods, restricting food advertising, and improving labeling is cost-effective in reducing obesity in all nations. Implementing such measures would add nearly 7 million life years to the population's health expectancy.
A recent study found that targeted human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in men who have sex with men is a cost-effective intervention against anal cancer. The quadrivalent vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy against anal lesions and genital warts in young MSM. Vaccination at ages 12-26 years without previous exposure to HPV-target...
A team of researchers at North Carolina State University is developing a low-cost, wireless sensor system to monitor water quality in real-time. The system will enable scientists to track environmental health and answer ecological research questions, such as the impact of oyster activity on environmental conditions.