Articles tagged with Research Management
The annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition will showcase advances and challenges in cognition, instruction, and learning. Experts will explore partnerships between psychology researchers and teachers to improve teaching methods and student outcomes.
Researchers at University of California, Santa Barbara have discovered a way to disarm microbial pathogens using a novel approach. The findings, published in Science, identify a master switch that controls bacterial infection and lead to the development of new vaccines and antibiotics.
Research found that relaxation and music reduce pain more than pain medication alone, providing complete relief without side effects. These self-care methods can hasten recovery and improve hospital stays for millions of Americans who undergo surgery annually.
A six-year research program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory demonstrated how to integrate window and lighting technologies for enhanced energy efficiency and occupant comfort. The project resulted in significant reductions in electricity demand, with dimmable daylighting controls reducing peak demand by up to 40%.
Researchers from Idaho National Laboratory are developing tools to monitor water flow and contaminants in the vadose zone beneath the Savannah River Site. They planted soil monitoring equipment to measure water content, tritium concentration, and soil tension, providing valuable information about the vadose zone.
A Northwestern University study found that many older women have undiagnosed and untreated hearing loss, which can lead to depression and emotional problems. The researchers suggest that public policy should include hearing care as part of all health maintenance plans.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found PENS to be significantly more effective in decreasing pain scores after each treatment than other methods, improving quality of life for patients with severe lower back pain. Following 12 treatments, patients reported increased physical activity and improved sleep.
Research suggests that infrared thermometers can accurately measure newborn temperatures, especially after feeding and before transferring to cribs. However, using these devices on older infants may not yield accurate results.
The Virginia Tech Center for Transportation Research is developing an integrated traveler information system, called Travel Shenandoah, for the Shenandoah Valley region. The system will provide comprehensive traffic and travel conditions information to travelers, while also supporting VDOT's efforts to work with the private sector.
Researchers tested four types of on-hold music with 71 clients, finding that time spent waiting was generally overestimated. Alternative music emerged as a good choice, as it evoked less polarized reactions and shorter wait times.
A University of Illinois professor found that transformational leadership techniques practiced by front-line supervisors lead to increased employee satisfaction, supervisor effectiveness, and extra effort. This research highlights the importance of leadership skills at all levels, not just office executives.
A new study found that older adults with chronic illnesses can benefit from wellness programs regardless of whether they are conducted in a classroom setting or at home. The programs produced significant improvements in anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as reductions in medical symptoms and better sleep quality.
Research at Ohio State University found that higher-income consumers are more likely to take advantage of bargain prices on certain products by stocking up and buying less when prices rise. In contrast, lower-income consumers may be less able to afford discounts and instead pay full price.
A new study published in Psychosomatic Medicine found that patients with both depression and a physical illness stay twice as long in the hospital compared to those with only depression. The study surveyed over 2,300 psychiatric patients admitted between 1987 and 1992.
Researchers found that factors like environmental, social, and psychological influences explained why some HIV-infected gay and bisexual men had health insurance and received medical care, while others did not. Despite comparable socioeconomic backgrounds, black and white men differed in their use of healthcare services.
Researchers gathered unprecedented data from NASA aircraft in Atlantic hurricanes Bonnie, Danielle, Earl, and Georges, shedding light on complex wind patterns and rainfall enhancement by mountains. The study aims to improve hurricane forecast capabilities, saving lives and reducing evacuation zones.
Researchers have developed a device that allows paralyzed patients to write sentences on a computer screen using their brain waves. The system uses slow cortical potentials, which are recorded more reliably than other components, and enables patients to control a cursor and select characters from a panel.
A new study found that first officers rely on indirect methods such as hints to correct a captain's mistake, particularly in low-risk flight situations. The study also revealed differences in the way female pilots communicate with other crew members, using more two-part utterances to state problems and give commands.
Researchers identify high rates of psychiatric disorders among patients with frequent digestive complaints, highlighting the need for closer collaboration between gastroenterologists and psychiatric colleagues. Proactive management could improve patient outcomes and healthcare resource utilization.
Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories have created a microscopic three-dimensional lattice that confines light at optical wavelengths, potentially revolutionizing the fiber-optics communications industry. The technique appears to be the cheapest and most efficient way to bend light entering or emerging from optical cables.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University have developed a new arsenal of medicines using monoclonal antibodies to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, gastrointestinal viruses, and the common cold. The antibodies can be produced in common field crops like corn and soy, making them potentially cheaper and more accessible.
A new University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study reveals foreign-trained doctors are crucial in addressing rural physician shortages. States like Florida, West Virginia, North Dakota, and Illinois have the highest rate of international medical graduates practicing in rural areas, often in exchange for staying in the US.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have created a new process called 'intelligent tooling' that uses an executive pin art toy to create precise industrial moulds. The tool allows companies to produce complex products with high accuracy and reusability.
The Georgia Institute of Technology has partnered with Vivendi to develop innovative technologies for urban water and wastewater management. The partnership aims to improve environmental and economic issues related to water management, with a focus on drinking water treatment and distribution.
A study by University of Pennsylvania researchers found that two-thirds of analyzed newspaper coverage provided a negative representation of managed care, potentially influencing public opinion and policy. The study highlights the need for accurate and balanced reporting on healthcare issues.
A team of scientists from Columbia University and Princeton University have found that North America is absorbing carbon dioxide at a rate greater than expected, with forest regrowth playing a significant role. The study suggests that land-based carbon-absorbing zones could play a crucial role in managing greenhouse warming.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have developed promising new tunnel diodes that could boost silicon-based circuit speeds. The breakthrough technology has the potential to enhance existing production lines and reduce power losses, leading to more efficient and cost-effective chips.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have developed a new technique called MARPE, which directly determines the identity of an atom and its neighbors. The method works by analyzing the energies of electrons emitted when excited by photons, revealing the presence and identity of neighboring atoms.
Researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory tested various sealing materials, including clear plastic tape, foil-backed tape, mastic, and injected aerosol sealant. Only duct tape failed the tests, while others formed good seals for extended periods.
Researchers found signs of C. pneumoniae in 17 Alzheimer's sufferers, but stress it may not cause the disease. The bacterium infects microglia and astroglia, producing inflammatory cytokines that trigger inflammation in Alzheimer's brains.
A five-year study on salamander populations in southern Appalachian forests reveals that canopy disturbance has a significant impact on their abundance. The results suggest that forest managers may need to adopt more intensive management practices to maintain salamander populations.
A national study finds that doctors are increasingly prescribing ACE inhibitors to heart attack patients, but still underprescribing them to those most in need. The study suggests that following American College of Cardiology guidelines could have saved up to 1,800 lives in the first year.
Researchers at Purdue are testing the effectiveness of golf courses in filtering surface water and studying urban environmental issues. The course is also being used to investigate various creeping bentgrass cultivars and methods to control annual bluegrass, with goals including reducing transplant shock in newly planted trees.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that walking during the first stage of labor had no impact on labor duration, pain management, or infant outcomes. Women who walked showed similar results to those who rested in bed, with most indicating they would walk again in future labors.
Researchers found that an enzyme called kinase IV is regulated by another enzyme called phosphatase 2A, which attaches to it and quickly shuts it down. This discovery provides insight into how cells control their activities and offers potential for developing targeted drugs to kill cancer cells or bacteria.
Researchers warn that antidepressants can lead to dental cavities and oral infections by reducing saliva production. Saliva is essential for cleaning teeth and remineralizing them. Dentists should be informed about the risks of antidepressant use to prevent these issues.
A new UCSF study investigates whether physician-run managed care groups improve outcomes for physicians and patients. The study found that these groups face similar pressures to traditional managed care organizations, with a focus on primary care physician recruitment and board certification.
Researchers have found that a left-handed woman's brain controls reading aloud and speaking with the left side, but writing with the right. This study compares split-brain cases to V.J.'s and suggests that spoken and written language evolved independently.
Researchers have uncovered 38 additional fossils that provide a more complete picture of Australopithecus anamensis, confirming its status as the most ancient known upright-walking human ancestor. The new discoveries reveal primitive features such as large canine teeth and sexual dimorphism.
The Spring '98 INFORMS conference, 'Bridging Continents & Cultures', brings together international researchers to share knowledge and ideas. The meeting will be held in Montréal, a city with a unique blend of European and North American cultures, offering attendees a warm and welcoming environment.
A new Cornell University study finds that higher taxes on cigarettes will have a statistically insignificant impact on reducing teenage smoking rates. Higher taxes are estimated to reduce the number of new teen-age smokers by less than half a percentage point or two percentage points, respectively.
Researchers confirm that premature and low-birth weight infants should receive their immunizations at the same ages recommended for healthy, full-term babies. The study found that even the least immunologically mature preterm infants had adequate immune responses that lasted until age three to four.
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory used seismic data from 40,000 earthquakes to characterize the Earth's structure from crust to inner core. They found evidence of heterogeneity in the outer core, suggesting a liquid iron-nickel-sulfur compound that could help explain the Earth's magnetic field.
A novel diagnostic technique uses isotope mass spectrometry to measure T cell proliferation rates in AIDS patients, allowing physicians to establish the proper time for medication and optimal treatment. The technology holds promise for optimizing AIDS therapy and diagnosing other conditions.
University of Michigan Professor Nicholas Steneck warns that research misconduct is a persistent problem. He suggests several solutions to address the issue, including random audits, exit interviews, and nationwide calls for creative solutions.
Red pepper spray may attract brown bears if used improperly, according to a USGS study. The irritant oleoresin capsicum in the spray can elicit unusual behavior in bears, including sniffing, pawing, and rolling on treated sites.
The study found significant variations in stroke diagnostic tests, therapies, and patient outcomes among academic medical centers. Researchers aim to devise constructive ways to improve and standardize medical care by exploring the association between practices and desired outcomes.
Researchers have developed a new diagnostic technique to measure T cell proliferation rates in AIDS patients, revealing that the body's capacity to form new cells is key to T cell counts. The technique allows for personalized treatment optimization and real-time disease monitoring.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have obtained a detailed picture of an alkane-activation reaction at room temperature using ultrafast spectroscopic techniques. The study sheds light on the mechanism of alkane activation, bringing scientists closer to converting alkanes into chemically useful products.
A study of small hardware stores found that independent retailers outperformed franchise-affiliated ones in high-competition environments. Independent stores focused on providing knowledge-intensive service, which helped them thrive despite strong competition.
Researchers have shown that TMS can modify brain reorganization, potentially accelerating recovery and rehabilitation. The technique may also be used to promote learning and improve brain function after injuries or trauma.
Living Reviews in Relativity is a new review journal that summarizes and explains recent work in relativity. The journal is made possible by modern computer technology and provides free access to current research, including articles with web links to important scientific resources.
A survey of consultation-liaison psychiatrists found that they strongly opposed participating in or endorsing physician-assisted death. However, there was more acceptance of referrals to other physicians and their involvement. The study suggests that requests for assisted death are often linked to depression, a treatable illness.
The study found that fraternity leaders reported the highest rates of binge drinking and adverse consequences, including hangovers, arguments, and blackouts. Greek leaders also tend to view alcohol as a facilitator for social interaction and sexuality, contrary to expected moderate views.
Research by Steven Woloshin, MD, found that inadequate tangible support is a significant predictor of death and greater functional deterioration among patients who have suffered a heart attack. Patients who felt they needed more help were 3.2 times more likely to die than those who did not need any help.
Gale and doctoral student Steve Kogan used discourse analysis to examine a therapy session conducted by Michael White, a renowned therapist influenced by postmodern thinking. The study found that the therapist successfully managed the talk to make each participant central and accountable, promoting more transparent interactions.
A study by psychiatrists at the University of Washington Medical Center found that unmarried patients were more likely to evoke strong reactions from physicians, with multiple unexplainable physical symptoms and a history of trauma being key indicators.
Researchers studied 10 patients with acute bacterial endocarditis and found that 80% continued to have microembolisms up to four weeks after treatment. Microembolisms can induce brain abscesses and lesions leading to stroke, and antibiotics alone may not be sufficient to prevent this risk.
Researchers say that physicians' negative reactions to female circumcision may drive circumcised women away from health care. A study found that more than 80 percent of African refugee women in the US are circumcised and need knowledgeable treatment. Guidelines for caring for circumcised women have been developed to address this issue.
A new study found that screening turtle nests with wire screens is more effective than killing raccoons, but the high cost and labor-intensive process may slow widespread use. The method involves securing 3 ft.x 3 ft. mesh screens over nests to keep out raccoons, with results showing a significant reduction in egg losses.