Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have found a new method for growing human embryonic stem cells using human marrow stromal cells, eliminating the need for mouse cells as feeders. This breakthrough could potentially lead to significant advancements in treating conditions like Parkinson's disease and diabetes.
A recent study found that bupropion significantly improved abstinence rates for women and smokers with a history of depression, triple the success rate for those using a placebo. The medication also reduced negative mood in women during withdrawal, closing the gender gap in quit rates.
A meta-analysis of 48 studies found that creatine and HMB supplements effectively increased lean tissue gain with resistance training. These supplements doubled lean gain over the placebo group, suggesting independent mechanisms of action.
A study found that 54% of human olfactory receptor genes are impaired, compared to 28-36% in other primates. The decline of the sense of smell likely occurred within an 'evolutionary moment' 3-5 million years ago.
Researchers found microorganisms in seafloor samples from the Juan de Fuca plate, suggesting a microbial incubator of global proportions. The discovery challenges current understanding of oceanic crust and its potential for supporting life.
A new study estimates that at least 85 newborns are killed or left to die each year by their parents, with the majority being females. The research, led by Dr. Marcia Herman-Giddens, found that 34 cases were reported in North Carolina over a 16-year period, representing 2.1 deaths per 100,000 newborns.
Researchers found that skills learned with the dominant arm generalize to the non-dominant arm, but only in extrinsic coordinates, and do not rely on inter-hemispheric communication via the corpus callosum. This challenges current models of brain learning and motor control.
A new study by Dartmouth researchers finds that more American men are screened for prostate cancer than for colorectal cancer, contradicting scientific evidence. The study, which analyzed data from over 50,000 men, reveals a significant disparity in screening rates between the two cancers.
The National Multiple Sclerosis Society has awarded $2.48 million to advance research on multiple sclerosis through five collaborative centers. These centers are focused on genetic underpinnings of MS, tissue repair and diagnostic technology, including the use of haplotype mapping and diffusion tensor MR imaging.
A study at the University of Illinois Chicago found that a protein in the brain, CREB, controls drinking behavior in laboratory animals. Low levels of active CREB or neuropeptide Y correlated with symptoms of anxiety and excessive alcohol consumption.
According to Dr. Robert Kaniecki, a University of Pittsburgh neurologist, migraine headaches are often underdiagnosed, with over 50% of patients being mislabeled as having 'sinus headache' or 'tension headache'. This can lead to excessive prescriptions for antibiotics and decongestants, contributing to antibiotic resistance.
A new study examines the incidence of breast cancer among postmenopausal women with 'probably benign' mammographic findings. The research suggests that short-interval follow-up may not be necessary, and a 1-year follow-up may be as effective as a 6-month follow-up in identifying early-stage breast cancers.
A study by Yale researchers found that women do smile more than men, but the difference is modest and influenced by factors such as culture, ethnicity, age, and social role. When men and women think no one is looking, they smile similarly, and the sex differences disappear when they are in the same position of power or occupation.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center developed a mathematical model predicting lung cancer risk based on age, sex, and smoking history. The tool helps balance the risks and benefits of screening for high-risk individuals.
A study led by Dr. Debra Bekerian found young gay men are anxious and depressed, with many unaware of their HIV status. Trauma may have a protective effect on health behavior, and the report suggests improving health messages using the internet could help reduce unsafe sexual practices.
Gretchen Daily has been selected as a Nature Conservancy senior scholar, working with researchers from Stanford and the Nature Conservancy to develop market-based approaches to conservation. The project aims to make conservation more profitable and central to human activities.
Researchers studied sooty mangabey monkeys infected with SIV, finding they didn't get sick like humans with HIV. The lack of symptoms was attributed to low-level immune system responses and ability to maintain T cell renewal.
The researchers propose a four-pronged approach to avoid a catastrophe: decisive action by authorities, immediate antibiotic distribution, clear messaging about the need for full treatment courses, and surge capacity for medical professionals. This could reduce the death toll from an anthrax attack from 123,000 to 1,000.
Researchers at the Salk Institute found a genetic connection between organophosphate exposure and ADHD-like behavior, as well as symptoms similar to Gulf War syndrome. Mice exposed to organophosphates showed a 40% decrease in the NTE enzyme, leading to behavioral changes and neurological problems.
A survey of low-income single mothers in Atlantic Canada found that 78% experienced food insecurity and reported poorer nutrition than their children. The study highlights the need for policy reforms to address income inequality and ensure access to nutritious food for vulnerable populations.
Adults with ADHD are at higher risk of dropping out of school, losing jobs, and experiencing marital problems due to poor social skills and increased anxiety and depression. Reliable diagnosis and treatment options, such as stimulant medications and new psychotherapeutic approaches, can help manage the condition.
The International Congress of Genetics will consider the implications of the genetics revolution on global food security, health care, and social justice. The event aims to provide representation from developing countries, which have the most to gain and lose from genetic advancements.
A study in Alberta found that mandatory reporting of HIV infection did not significantly impact testing rates among the general population. However, an opt-out prenatal screening policy resulted in a dramatic increase in female tests, suggesting that fear of receiving a positive test may be a more significant deterrent to testing.
Researchers are developing nanotech decoys that can stick to the HIV virus and prevent it from entering human cells. The study focuses on the binding of gp120 protein to GalCer molecules in cell membranes.
A study found that 26% of jurors sanctioned deception by doctors to obtain care, while 70% favored appealing denied requests. The public's lack of trust in the healthcare system has led to support for 'physician gaming' to gain access to needed care.
Penn State researchers found that wives with higher testosterone levels were more adaptive social support providers, while husbands with lower testosterone levels were more positive and less negative during discussions. Lower combined testosterone levels led to better social support givers and improved conflict resolution skills.
Researchers found naturally occurring fungi effective in controlling plant mites and powdery mildew diseases without chemical pesticides. This breakthrough reduces costs and environmental damage associated with traditional pest control methods.
Researchers at MIT's Parsons Lab in Hawaii developed a technique to calculate the amount and distribution of groundwater flowing into coastal waters. The data will contribute to Kaeo Duarte's research on groundwater usage on Hawaii's dry western coast.
Researchers found that HIV patients develop strong antibody responses against the virus, but these antibodies fail to keep pace with the virus's constant mutation process. This study sheds light on the complex dynamics between the immune system and HIV, highlighting potential avenues for vaccine development.
A high-meat protein diet may accelerate loss of kidney function in women with mild chronic kidney disease, according to data from the Nurses Health Study. Meanwhile, implantable cardioverter defibrillators have been shown to significantly reduce sudden cardiac death and deaths from all causes in many patients.
The URI Oceanography team is conducting a two-year research expedition off the coast of Africa to investigate horizontal ocean mixing. The deployment of 92 subsurface RAFOS floats will help scientists understand eddy stirring and mixing in this poorly understood region.
Researchers at Dartmouth College found that visual attention is specifically drawn to graspable objects, such as tools, and that this effect is more pronounced when these objects are on the right side. This discovery suggests a clear association between visual perception and motor systems in the brain.
Researchers identified a specific gene required for liver cancer metastasis, which may serve as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. The study found that the activity of genes in tumors with metastatic potential differed from those without, enabling early detection and potentially improving treatment outcomes.
A recent study involving over 24,000 participants found that life satisfaction plays a significant role in marital happiness. Most people experience adaptation and return to their initial levels of happiness after marriage or divorce.
Researchers analyzed data from NHANES III to find that serious periodontal disease doubles the risk of pre-cancerous lesions and quadruples the risk of oral tumors. The study suggests a potential link between gum disease and oral cancer, with implications for early detection and prevention.
Researchers at Fox Chase Cancer Center developed a transgenic mouse model of epithelial ovarian cancer, allowing scientists to study the disease's progression from early stages. The model has the potential to facilitate advances in early detection and treatment of ovarian cancer.
The National Census found that only 3,407 adult day centers are operating in the US, serving primarily individuals with dementia and frail elderly. However, a staggering 5,415 new centers are needed nationwide to address the growing demand for long-term care services.
Researchers successfully transplanted bone marrow cells from a male donor mouse to a female recipient, where they developed into functional insulin-expressing cells. The findings suggest that bone marrow may be a viable source for ex vivo expansion and autologous transplantation of pancreatic beta-cell precursors.
Research highlights the role of WNK kinases in regulating thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransport, a key mechanism for maintaining electrolyte balance. Additionally, studies investigate the immunomodulatory effects of WNK kinases on pulmonary inflammation and diabetes, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets.
AACR sponsors science programs for high school and undergraduate students to inspire careers in cancer research. The AACR-Thomas J. Bardos Science Education Awards for Undergraduate Students recognize and nurture talented young scientists.
Researchers have identified bone marrow stem cells with the ability to produce functional insulin-producing cells, offering a new potential avenue for treating diabetes. The study used a molecular biology technique called CRE-loxP to isolate and study these cells, which were found to exhibit characteristics of pancreatic beta cells.
A new study finds that ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a highly effective and sensitive marker of recent alcohol use, detecting consumption up to 80 hours after complete elimination. The marker helps identify patients who have lapsed or relapsed in treatment, ensuring they are alcohol-free for work and other activities.
Researchers have developed a novel method to correct genetic mutations causing abnormal splicing, potentially treating genetic diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy. This technique uses short RNA oligos to recruit signals that influence splicing, allowing proper gene expression and normal cell development.
Estrogen exposure triggers structural changes in the hippocampus, a primary memory center, increasing connections among neurons. The study provides new insights into the role of estrogen in learning and memory, suggesting potential benefits for postmenopausal women and a possible link to Alzheimer's disease prevention.
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) has awarded several prestigious grants to outstanding cancer researchers. The AACR-National Foundation for Cancer Research Professorship in Basic Cancer Research supports Dr. Manuel Perucho's research on gastrointestinal cancer mechanisms. Additionally, the AACR-Gertrude B. Elion Canc...
Two new studies report associations between prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and early-onset asthma with deficits in children's lung function. In the first study, a two-month rifampin/pyrazinamide regimen was found to be effective in treating latent TB in high-risk, non-adherent groups, but with potential liver toxicity risks.
A recent pilot study published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that high-dose vitamins can reduce homocysteine levels in individuals with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. The multicenter trial, known as Vital, aims to determine if these vitamins can slow the progression of the disease. Researchers are optimis...
A Mayo Clinic study found that total hip replacement surgery can significantly improve the quality of life for patients over 90 years old. The study, which reviewed medical records from 1970 to 1997, showed that patients experienced substantial relief of pain and functional improvement after surgery.
Researchers found that alcohol consumption increased host susceptibility to SIV/HIV infection by increasing infectivity of cells and lymphocyte turnover. The study suggests that chronic or binge alcohol consumption may contribute to the risk of HIV infection, particularly through behavioral factors.
Researchers have developed a new way to create molecular sieves with aligned tunnel-like pores, enabling more efficient filtration and potential applications in water purification and optical components. The discovery opens doors to producing uniform fibers and even sheet-like materials with controlled properties.
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) has established programs to support minority and underrepresented scientists in cancer research, including the AACR-Minority Scholar Awards in Cancer Research. The programs aim to increase career advancement opportunities for these researchers.
Researchers found neighborhood density and server characteristics impact alcohol sales to minors and intoxicated individuals. Higher Hispanic population neighborhoods had higher rates of alcohol sales.
Research suggests that children who spend more time studying and reading are more likely to develop myopia. However, the study found no link between screen time and the development of myopia. The study of 366 eighth-grade children highlights the importance of hereditary factors in the development of myopia.
Researchers found that female participants experienced reduced tension and increased relaxation when exposed to pheromones from male underarm secretions. The study also showed a shift in blood levels of luteinizing hormone, with the onset of smaller pulses shortened by an average of 20 percent.
The Bush administration is considering implementing a pro-life policy that would restrict foreign non-governmental organizations from receiving US funds if they provide abortions or lobby for abortion liberalization. This policy threatens the $15 billion HIV/AIDS fund, which relies on local clinics providing family-planning and materna...
Researchers have discovered a new tool that shows how dividing cells complete the final stage of cell division with precision. Blebbistatin inhibits a type of myosin necessary for cytokinesis, revealing its essential role in human biology and cell division.
A postnatal home-visiting service for teenage mothers aged under 18 years was shown to reduce adverse health outcomes of their children, including infant deaths and foster care placements. Home visits also increased mothers' contraceptive use, but not breastfeeding or vaccination knowledge.
A new field-tested algorithm for dementia diagnosis can predict 94% of cases in less-developed countries. The algorithm is culturally and educationally sensitive, using measures translated into most languages used in the developing world.
Despite preferring virtual colonoscopy due to its less invasive nature, patients generally dislike the bowel preparation required for both tests. The study found that most patients reported little pain or difficulty with either procedure, but many expressed discomfort with the advance bowel preparation.
Researchers at WashU Medicine discovered a novel molecule that plays a critical role in gut immunology and interacts with mucosal-associated invariant T cells. The findings suggest that this molecule may be involved in various diseases of the gut, particularly those related to intestinal microorganisms.