Research finds that IQ can increase or decrease significantly during adolescence, with changes linked to brain structure. Brain scans revealed correlations between improved verbal and non-verbal IQ scores and increased grey matter density in specific brain areas.
Dr. William Tierney, president and CEO of the Regenstrief Institute, is recognized for his work on implementing electronic health record systems and advancing clinical informatics. He has received numerous awards, including the Collen Award, which acknowledges his persistent efforts to advance biomedical and health informatics.
Researchers from Ruhr-University Bochum found a serious attack against XML Encryption, which is used by companies like IBM and Microsoft to protect data. The attack exploits a weakness in the CBC mode for chaining ciphertext blocks, rendering XML Encryption insecure.
The discovery of oxygen-breathing bacteria on land is now estimated to have occurred around 2.48 billion years ago. This finding pushes the Great Oxidation Event forward in time, suggesting that aerobic respiration evolved earlier than previously thought.
Researchers confirm the fundamental physical principle relating individual particle behavior to that of a multiparticle system. Using fluorescent molecules and high-resolution imaging, they measured diffusive behavior of ensembles and single molecules, providing the first experimental confirmation of ergodicity.
A Purdue University and NIST team developed a microring resonator that converts continuous laser light into numerous ultrashort pulses, enabling applications in advanced sensors, communications systems, and laboratory instruments. The device uses nonlinear interaction to generate frequencies with equal spacing.
Researchers propose a novel mechanism for bioluminescence in dinoflagellates, involving voltage-gated proton channels and luciferase activation. This discovery enhances our understanding of these organisms, some of which produce toxins harmful to the environment.
A large study of over 10,000 breast cancer patients found that radiotherapy significantly reduces the risk of cancer recurrence and mortality. The study found that radiotherapy almost halves the 10-year-risk of recurrence and reduces the 15-year-risk of mortality by a sixth
The Boston University School of Medicine is developing novel technologies to detect lung cancer early, using advanced imaging techniques and molecular biomarkers. The goal is to reduce mortality among high-risk individuals by identifying those at risk for future development of the disease.
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B found that live stranded dolphins form gas bubbles in their tissues, but can often manage them and resume normal lives. The researchers suggest that marine mammals may be able to regulate bubble formation through routine management.
A Mayo Clinic study provides guidance for treating sudden cardiac arrest patients with therapeutic cooling, which slows metabolism and preserves cell health. The study found that both patient groups awoke within three days, supporting the use of hypothermia when indicated.
NASA has released a series of new satellite data visualizations showing tens of millions of fires detected globally from space. The data helps scientists understand the impact of fire on local, regional and global scales.
Future-Directed Therapy has been shown to significantly improve depression and anxiety symptoms in patients by teaching them skills to think positively about the future. The new treatment approach focuses on helping individuals set goals, problem-solve, and plan for future events, leading to improved overall quality of life.
Engineers and scientists at UC Berkeley developed a simple, single-step process to direct M13 phages to serve as structural building blocks. The resulting thin-film structures exhibit complex properties, such as bending light and guiding cell growth. The technique sheds light on the self-assembly of biological tissues in nature.
A recent study found that mothers' brains process pup odors and sounds differently than non-mothers, enabling them to detect distress calls. The integration of olfactory and auditory cues is linked to maternal behaviors, suggesting a rapid adaptation in the primary auditory cortex.
Scientists at Case Western Reserve University create an electrochemical cell with a stable plasma electrode, allowing for controlled electron transfer and reducing losses. The technology has the potential to improve battery and fuel cell efficiency and enable new applications such as hydrogen production and nanomaterial synthesis.
A new study suggests that Rituximab treatment can lead to significant improvement in CFS symptoms, potentially revealing a new direction for CFS research. The anti-CD20 antibody depletes B-lymphocytes, which are thought to be crucial in the disease's progression.
Astronomers discover how blue stragglers, old stars appearing younger than expected, are created through mass transfer. The study reveals that these stars eat up the mass of their giant-star companion, allowing them to continue burning and living longer.
SMU scientists are collecting water samples in UNHCR camps, analyzing them in the lab, and training workers to test water supplies. The team will develop a worldwide database to identify contaminants and track water quality over time, addressing issues such as iodide and fluoride contamination.
William M. Tierney, Regenstrief Institute president and Indiana University School of Medicine associate dean, will receive the AMIA Morris F. Collen Award for his efforts to advance biomedical and health informatics. He has implemented and studied electronic health record systems globally, including in Africa.
Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is an accurate predictor of colorectal cancer, but it remains inferior to colonoscopy for prevention. Yearly FIT screenings may allow treatment to follow closely on the heels of discovery, but practices with repeat testing over time perform poorly.
Acrylic paints, famous for their fast-drying properties, pose significant challenges in cleaning due to their additive-rich composition. Researchers are exploring ways to rejuvenate these artworks without compromising their integrity.
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a new model that simulates the seismic fallout of a giant meteorite strike, showing that the impact's effects are scattered and unfocused, resulting in less severe ground displacement and tsunamis. The model also provides new insights into the surface and interior details of other plan...
The Boston University School of Medicine has been awarded a five-year, $316,875 training grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to investigate inflammatory disorders. The program will provide students with a solid academic background in immunology and multi-disciplinary approaches.
Researchers at Disney Research and Carnegie Mellon University have developed a new side-by-side projection system that enables interactive mobile device interaction. The system allows users to project images from two handheld devices onto the same surface, facilitating communication, gaming, education, and data transfer.
Researchers used mathematical models to assess knee replacement implants and found that older patients or those with multiple conditions may not benefit from incremental gains in implant durability. This highlights the need for personalized approach to medical device development and evaluation.
In the study, men edged out women by 0.11 points on a theoretically perfect score of 5.0, but only excelled with other male raters, highlighting that men's humor prowess is largely driven by social dynamics rather than inherent traits.
Researchers discovered a complex cell mechanism that makes breast cancer cells resistant to radiation treatment. The mechanism is activated by the protein HOXB9, which accelerates DNA repair and increases radiation resistance.
Researchers at the University of Bristol identified a probiotic strain that can thrive in high-iron environments and reduce inflammation associated with IBD. The discovery offers hope for developing novel treatments for active intestinal disease.
Researchers have found that a membrane protein interacts with a single soluble protein to anchor the subunits of light-harvesting complexes in the membrane. The new model proposes the formation of a pore for protein transport, supporting the integration into the membrane.
Scientists have developed two new Bt toxins, Cry1AbMod and Cry1AcMod, to overcome resistance in pest insects. These novel toxins are effective against five resistant species, including the diamondback moth and European corn borer.
Starting HIV therapy two weeks after TB treatment increases survival by 33 percent, according to a recent study. The study suggests that immunosuppressed patients should be started on ART rapidly at two weeks after beginning TB therapy.
Astronomers have discovered a planet-sized object, dubbed WD 0806-661 B, that is as cool as the Earth's surface. This brown dwarf has a mass similar to Jupiter but orbits a white dwarf companion at a vast distance of 2500 AU.
A new study found that low-income women with children who move from high-poverty to lower-poverty neighborhoods experience notable improvements in their health, including reductions in diabetes and extreme obesity. The study suggests that environments in low-income neighborhoods can contribute to poor health.
Researchers have collected rare boninite lava at the West Mata volcano, providing valuable insights into the formation and evolution of subduction zones. The discovery offers a unique opportunity to study the chemical and mineralogical variations of this ancient rock type in a pristine specimen.
Researchers find that people's economic decisions change when survival or reproduction is on their minds. This contradicts the idea of humans making rational choices in finance, suggesting biases developed millions of years ago still affect us today. The study suggests these ancient biases can profoundly alter financial decisions over ...
A new RAND Corporation study found that the US Department of Veterans Affairs provides high-quality mental health care to its veterans, comparable to privately insured and Medicare/Medicaid populations. The study highlights areas for improvement, including increasing evidence-based treatments and addressing regional variations in care.
A new issue of The Counseling Psychologist discusses the contributions of counseling psychologists to disaster research and response. The article highlights the need for a multisystem analysis and response, which counseling psychologists can provide.
Scientists developed a new tool to identify cancerous and healthy brain tissue, allowing for more precise tumor removal and reduced risk of recurrence. The tool, combining an ultrasonic aspirator with a mass spectrometer, proved successful on human brain samples in half the time previously needed.
Researchers developed a ten-point Aggressive Behaviour Risk Assessment Tool (ABRAT) to predict violent hospital patients, with high accuracy rates. The study found that patients over 70 and males were more likely to become violent, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
A balanced amount of spare time is crucial for happiness in a consumer society. Materialistic teenagers with compulsive buying issues need just the right amount of leisure time to feel happier. Moderate time affluence alleviates negative side effects of material values and compulsive buying on adolescent happiness.
The University of Louisville and Frazier Rehab Institute have been awarded a $2.2 million grant to establish a Spinal Cord Injury Model System, which aims to provide comprehensive rehabilitative care and advance research into treating spinal cord injuries. The program will serve the states of Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio, and Tennessee.
A study found that amino acid supplements can significantly reduce protein degradation in horse muscles after intense exercise. This could lead to an advantageous effect on muscle mass and improved training efficiency in sport horses.
Researchers found significant amounts of carbon in US streams and rivers, releasing into atmosphere before reaching coastal waters. This discovery could change how scientists model carbon movement among land, water, and atmosphere.
A new brain stimulation technique has been developed that makes real-time adjustments in response to Parkinson's disease dynamics, potentially improving symptoms. The study found that this approach alleviated motor symptoms and reduced abnormal neural activity more efficiently than standard deep brain stimulation.
Andrew J. Dannenberg, M.D., is recognized for his seminal contributions to understanding the inflammation-cancer connection and developing strategies to prevent breast cancer. His work has provided key insights into the role of prostaglandin biology in cancer prevention.
A new UCSF-led study reveals that premature infants exposed to steroids after birth have 10% smaller cerebellar volumes, associated with impaired brain growth and motor development. The findings challenge the American Academy of Pediatrics' policy statement on low-dose glucocorticoids.
A study by Rice University biochemist Michael Stern suggests a possible link between Type 2 diabetes and autism due to impaired glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia. This common underlying mechanism may lead to the development of new treatments for autistic children, including low-carbohydrate diets.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered that OPHN1 plays a crucial role in mediating long-term depression at synapses, a phenomenon linked to cognitive disorders. The study reveals that OPHN1 interacts with EndophilinA2/3 to remove AMPA receptors, leading to persistent removal of receptors and onset of LTD.
Researchers have sequenced the DNA of a potent marijuana strain and compared it to hemp, revealing the genetic differences that lead to marijuana's psychoactive effects. The study found that domestication and breeding of marijuana strains resulted in the loss of an enzyme responsible for producing non-psychoactive compounds.
A new study reveals that the albedo effect plays a crucial role in the climatic significance of forest disturbances, with some cases providing cooling while others magnify concerns about warming. Forests can either act as carbon sinks or sources depending on the disturbance type and severity.
A Durham University-led project has won a £760,000 grant from the Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) to support teachers in using peer tutoring to boost Maths attainment among younger pupils. The project will train teachers and produce materials for 80 schools.
Researchers used a combination of MRI, cerebrospinal fluid, and neuropsychological testing to improve predictive accuracy for near-term dementia conversion. The test results were found to be almost perfect in predicting those who would not develop Alzheimer's disease in three years.
Research shows that forgetting can be beneficial for memory and problem-solving. By eliminating irrelevant information, we can better retain and recall important details. This phenomenon is particularly evident in situations where updating our knowledge becomes necessary.
Geneticist Tad Sonstegard and his team identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites in African native sheep. The study found significant QTL on chromosomes 3, 6, 14, and 22 that can improve production of grazing animals.
The UK and Norway are among European countries taking a leading role in improving social determinants of health. The WHO European Region has set up a review to address the growing health divide, which shows vast differences in life expectancy within and between countries.
Researchers at Sam Houston State University are developing new methods to detect designer drugs like 'bath salts', which can produce powerful and unpredictable effects. The study uses solid phase extraction, chromatography, and spectroscopy to identify beta-keto amphetamines in biological samples.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a new cell-based vaccine that shows promise in treating canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The vaccine, which uses B-cells instead of dendritic cells, has been shown to increase overall survival time for dogs with the disease.
Researchers found a significant reduction in glioma risk among people with borderline elevated IgE levels. However, the protective effect couldn't be measured in people with higher IgE levels. The study suggests an immune response to allergies may affect brain tumors.
A new study published in Social Science Quarterly suggests that a preference for physically formidable leaders may have evolved to ensure survival in ancient human history. The research found a statistically significant association between height and perceived leadership capability and interest in running for office.