A new study reveals that East Antarctic Ice Sheet may melt under 2°C of sustained warming, posing a threat to global sea levels and human civilization. The research found that ice loss from the EAIS likely contributed to higher sea levels in the past.
A Cornell University study found that women who breastfeed their first child for five months or longer are more likely to have three or more children. The researchers suggest that long-duration breastfeeding may capture preferences about family and child investment among highly educated women.
A previously unknown pathogenic fungus, Liberomyces pistaciae, has been isolated from pistachio trees in Sicily, causing cankers and decline. The fungus is characterized by vascular necrosis and tree collapse, and its presence was detected in asymptomatic trees, suggesting a dormant growth phase.
Researchers found that the cardiac cycle modulates neural responses to external information in humans and rabbits, with improved learning rates observed during the resting phase of the cardiac cycle. This suggests a potential link between bodily rhythms and learning, warranting further investigation.
Chemists at Ural Federal University have created electrochemical cells for water electrolysis in the presence of carbon dioxide, demonstrating enhanced performance under 'hard' conditions. The study reveals that these cells can produce synthesis gas, a semi-finished fuel, with high efficiency and stability.
Researchers found that for 85% of genes, noise magnitude is higher in the last step compared to the first. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption of a streamlined process and may impact disease treatment strategies.
The National Science Foundation has awarded a coalition of institutions, led by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, a five-year, $220 million contract to operate and maintain the Ocean Observatories Initiative. The OOI is an advanced system that measures various ocean properties and processes.
A Mayo Clinic study found that premenopausal women who have their ovaries surgically removed face an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease. The risk is highest for those younger than 46, with a 7.5% increased risk.
A study suggests that parts of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet would melt if Antarctica warms by 2°C for millennia, contributing to rising global sea levels. The research found evidence from warm periods in Earth's history indicating the ice sheet had retreated during similar warming conditions.
Yale researchers have developed 'Robotic Skins' technology, enabling users to animate everyday objects and create multi-functional robots on the fly. The skins can perform different tasks depending on the properties of the soft objects and how they are applied, allowing for complex movements.
Researchers at Lehigh University have developed a new, more efficient way to produce cubic boron nitride, a material with exceptional durability and potential for improved power conversion efficiency in electronic devices. The approach enables larger crystals of the material to be produced at lower costs and reduced energy consumption.
A study of nearly 60 million tweets during the French 2017 presidential election found that two political communities, Fillon and Le Pen, accounted for 50.75% and 22.21% of fake news respectively, while a small minority were spread by Twitter users outside these communities.
Research by University of Utah biologist William Anderegg and colleagues found that diverse forests are more resilient to droughts due to a variety of hydraulic traits in tree species. Forests with multiple types of trees and diverse water use patterns showed less impact from droughts, with satellite data confirming the findings.
A Syracuse University study found that cannabinoid drugs make pain feel less unpleasant and more tolerable, without reducing its intensity. The review of over 1,800 experimental studies suggests an affective component to their analgesic properties.
Researchers from Nagoya University used ultrafast measurements to study wave-particle interactions in the Earth's magnetosphere. They observed two-way energy transfer between particles and fields via electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, resolving a long-standing observation challenge.
A new clinical trial suggests that combining CTLA4 targeted therapy with PD-1 targeted therapy may improve treatment outcomes for women with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. The trial found improved tumor response proportions and progression-free survival hazard rates in patients treated with the combination therapy.
A recent study suggests that individuals who are physically active before suffering a stroke tend to have better outcomes, with milder symptoms. This protection is attributed to the maintenance of a complex network of blood vessels within the brain, which is promoted by exercise.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have successfully measured the duration of the photoelectric effect, a crucial process in quantum physics. The results reveal that different quantum jumps take varying amounts of time, ranging from 100 to 45 attoseconds for electrons from tungsten atoms.
Researchers at NUST MISIS have developed a new technology to simplify hot rolling of seamless pipes made from alloy and high-alloy steel. The innovation uses a two-stage method with lubricant and coolant, significantly improving tool lifespan and production efficiency.
Researchers at McGill University found that aging brains retain neuroplasticity but experience dysregulation leading to unstable learning. Increasing GABA levels in older rats prolonged the effects of audio tone exposure, suggesting a potential strategy for improving retention in the aging brain.
NCALM has made significant contributions to the field of Earth science, using lidar technology to map terrain and create detailed topographical maps. The center's work has also had practical significance, including assessing earthquake and landslide risks.
A study published in Advances in Neonatal Care reports that managing neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) requires a cascade of care, emphasizing the need for improved coordination and resources. The researchers identified four essential areas to improve NAS care, including greater education and cross-disciplinary collaboration.
The ESMO Award 2018 is bestowed on Jean-Charles Soria, a pioneer in developing anti-cancer drugs, while Tony Mok receives the ESMO Lifetime Achievement Award for his practice-changing contribution to lung cancer. Pasi Jänne and Margaret Foti also receive awards for their translational research and mentorship efforts, respectively.
A study found that two-year-old children's oral bacteria may predict their weight gain trajectories, suggesting a potential early indicator for childhood obesity. Lower diversity in oral microbiota and a higher Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio were associated with rapid infant weight gain.
Researchers have developed a solar steam generator that approaches 100% efficiency for producing clean water from seawater. Inspired by origami, the device uses a 3D photothermal material to capture sunlight and evaporate water more efficiently than traditional flat devices.
A new study led by University of Kansas researcher Pamela Sullivan is analyzing changes in soil structure and their influence on water quality and availability. The research aims to develop mathematical models to understand the interactions between biogeochemistry, soil structure, and environmental conditions.
Researchers investigated PFAS exposure in older cats and compared it with hyperthyroidism prevalence. The study found a potential link between higher PFAS levels and increased risk of hyperthyroidism in senior cats.
Chemists in Puerto Rico remained resilient and united after Hurricane Maria, causing a humanitarian crisis and billions of dollars in damage. The storm impacted the pharmaceutical industry, academic institutions, and environmental health, with researchers studying the effects on water and air quality.
Scientists from the Salk Institute and UC San Diego use reinforcement learning to train gliders to navigate atmospheric thermals, reaching heights of 700 meters. The research highlights the role of vertical wind accelerations and roll-wise torques as navigational cues for soaring birds.
A new study examines mountain gorilla foraging habits in Rwanda, highlighting the need to adapt local land use practices to mitigate human-wildlife conflict. The research reveals that accessing sodium-rich foods can lead to increased risk of hypothermia and crop damage, emphasizing the importance of reevaluating agricultural practices.
Scientists report that senescent cells accumulate in certain brain cells prior to cognitive loss, but eliminating them diminishes tau protein aggregation and memory loss. The study identifies two brain cell types, microglia and astrocytes, as prone to senescence.
A new study highlights the need for policy changes to allow private capital to invest in US water systems with aging infrastructure. The Journal of the American Water Resources Association article notes that public-private partnerships and loan guarantees are hindered by existing federal budgetary policies.
A new Baylor University study reveals that employees with high levels of autonomy and emotional stability are best suited for remote-work opportunities. The research team surveyed 403 working adults and found that autonomy is critical to protecting remote employees' well-being and helping them avoid strain.
The study reveals that cells adjust tRNA abundance to optimize protein production in stressful situations, suggesting a new regulatory mechanism. This mechanism may play a vital role in preventing the proliferation of tumors by selectively modifying translation rates.
Purdue University researchers have developed a cheap and stable sodium-ion battery alternative to lithium-ion batteries, using sodium powder to prevent 'getting lost' during charging and discharging. The new technology has improved cycling performance and capacity of the battery.
Researchers at the University of Stirling investigate how female dance flies use sexual ornaments to attract mates, finding that females deceive males by inflating their appearance to increase food rewards. This discovery sheds light on the role of sexual selection in creating diversity among species.
Researchers linked 11 large ivory shipments to the same networks using DNA testing, revealing connections between isolated seizures and identifying key trafficking hubs. This breakthrough helps officials track and build evidence against those responsible for the bulk of illegal ivory trade.
Researchers used a larval zebrafish model to explore neural mechanisms of general anesthesia. The study revealed that the locus coeruleus (LC) plays a modulatory role in both the induction of and emergence from intravenous general anesthesia via a cooperative mechanism with norepinephrine (NE).
A new study suggests that insect pollinators and plants that have survived agricultural intensification are more likely to survive future environmental changes due to their ability to withstand stresses. These species include common weed species like brambles and thistles, as well as generalist pollinators that can feed on a wide varie...
A team of international scientists used radiocarbon dating to examine human societies on a broader and longer-term scale, finding that societies often experienced booms and busts simultaneously. This suggests that early globalization was possibly a strategy for societies to grow through migration, trade, and conflict with other societies.
A large European cohort study found that consuming foods with lower nutritional quality ratings is associated with a higher risk of developing certain types of cancer, including colon-rectum and breast cancers. The study used the British Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system to evaluate food intake data from over 471,000 adults.
Researchers at Lund University discovered that intestinal bacteria like Enterococcus faecalis can generate an electric current from breaking down sugar inside their cells. This finding has implications for bioenergy production, waste treatment, and biosensors.
Researchers at UMass Amherst found that small earthquakes near the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults may be due to deep creep 10 km below the surface. This finding should support more refined assessments of fault loading and earthquake rupture risk in the region.
A University of Illinois Chicago study reveals that patients treated in for-profit hospitals have higher readmission rates compared to those in public or non-profit institutions. For-profit hospitals had the highest mean and median readmission ratios across six major diseases.
A Northwestern University study found that historical bias leads researchers to focus on the same 10% of human genes, despite many having strong links to disease. The study suggests that policy interventions promote exploratory research but mainly reinforce established topics.
Research suggests that weight gain between childhood and puberty increases the risk of developing asthma later in life, including for future generations. The study found no correlation between weight gain before or after puberty, but rather a link to overall inflammation during this critical developmental period.
Researchers at Dartmouth College have characterized the phenomenon of radium transfer in hydraulic fracturing, a widely-used method for extracting oil and gas. The study found that radium present in the Marcellus Shale is leached into saline water, becoming increasingly enriched as wastewater travels through the fracture network.
A pilot study by Kessler Foundation researchers found improvements in processing speed training for individuals with multiple sclerosis, enhancing neuropsychological tests and daily life performance. The study showed significant gains in processing speed, new learning, memory, and activities of daily life.
New Zealand research found that infants on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are not at higher risk of pneumonia or lower respiratory tract infections. The study of over 21,000 infants dispensed PPIs between 2005 and 2012 revealed a relatively low number of serious lung infections among those using the medication.
Burnout among US resident physicians is widespread, with high rates in urology, neurology, and emergency medicine. High levels of anxiety during medical school are associated with burnout symptoms during residency.
A scoping review found that digital game interventions improved exercise capacity and energy expenditure in patients with cardiovascular disease. Despite this, the use of digital games did not affect quality of life or self-efficacy.
A new study found that Airbnb rental properties in US cities are distributed based on factors such as the number of residents working in creative industries, average household income, and distance to public places of interest. The researchers built a predictive model that could help regulators create policies for short-term rentals.
A new study found that children who have access to green spaces near their homes are less likely to experience respiratory problems as adults. The research, conducted by RHINESSA, analyzed data from over 5,400 participants and found a significant association between exposure to greenness and reduced respiratory symptoms.
Elaine Vitone wins $2,000 award for 'Cut Off,' a compelling narrative about severe depression in adolescents. The National Association of Science Writers established the Excellence in Institutional Writing Award to recognize high-caliber science writing produced on behalf of institutions.
Researchers developed a new management system for lithium batteries in renewable energy facilities, improving their performance and lifetime. The system uses mathematical models to optimize battery usage, balancing the need for efficient energy storage with minimizing degradation.
A team at Princeton's Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics has produced new resources for studying the biology of multicellular organisms. The researchers analyzed gene activity patterns in four major tissues and developed a tool to predict gene expression across cell types.
Elderly patients with gastric cancer undergoing elective laparoscopic gastrectomy are at high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). This study found that preoperative serum albumin levels were strongly associated with PPCs, suggesting that monitoring albumin can help identify patients at risk. The study's findings suppo...
A recent study reveals that historical bias in research funding mechanisms and social forces reinforce the focus on established genes, leading to an under-studied 80% of all human genes. The researchers discovered that poorly characterized genes have a 50% lower chance of becoming independent researchers.
Moths have been found to carry pollen from various plant species, including crops such as peas and soybean, suggesting they may play an important ecological role in pollination. This discovery highlights the potential benefits of moths to plants and agricultural systems, potentially preventing inbreeding among plants.
A new study by Oxford University Press USA found that people who have slept for fewer than seven hours are more likely to be involved in and responsible for car crashes. The risk is particularly high for drivers who have slept less than four hours, with a 15.1 times higher odds of being involved in a crash