Despite significant increases in female radiology research, rates of publication have leveled off since 2000. The proportion of female authors in top radiology journals has increased, but progress remains slow.
Researchers at Arizona State University have observed a previously unseen property of water, where it changes from one liquid to another under super-cooling and specific conditions. This phenomenon, known as a liquid-liquid phase transition, was only seen in computer simulations until now.
A new study suggests that transcranial direct-current electrical stimulation can significantly improve gait impairment in Parkinson's disease patients by simultaneously targeting both motor and cognitive networks. The treatment shows promising results in reducing freezing of gait and improving executive functions and mobility.
Tropical Cyclone Hola was located southwest of the Pacific island nation of Vanuatu, with powerful thunderstorms wrapping into its center. The storm's maximum sustained winds were near 109mph, moving to the south-southwest at 4.6mph.
A study published in Journal of Retailing found that consumers seek a balance between uniqueness and conformity when making choices, as seen in iPhone memory option selections, sushi sales, and trick-or-treating candy choices, regardless of age.
Researchers at WashU Medicine have discovered a way to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) without using antibiotics. By targeting specific sugar-protein interactions, they found that decoy molecules can trick E. coli bacteria into releasing their grip on the bladder and kidneys.
Using CRISPR/Cas9, scientists have shown that inactivating the FREP1 gene reduces mosquitoes' susceptibility to malaria parasite infection. This technique holds promise for preventing malaria transmission to humans, but may require further refinement to balance resistance with fitness costs.
Researchers at Walter and Eliza Hall Institute have identified a unique molecular signature in the blood that could detect aggressive lung cancer and predict response to immunotherapy, offering new hope for patients with limited treatment options.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered a way to rein in an overactive protein that drives some aggressive leukemias. The team's CRISPR-based system identifies two enzymes, LKB1 and salt-inducible kinase, as critical for the survival of certain AML cells.
Rheumatologist Shervin Assassi is developing a blood test to determine which drugs work best for patients with lung disease and scleroderma. The new project aims to create prediction models that identify patients who are likely to respond to immunosuppression.
Researchers found that thirdhand smoke exposure increases lung cancer risk in mice, with toxic residues damaging DNA and leading to mutations. Early exposure is associated with increased incidence and severity of lung cancer.
A new study has found that temporarily quadrupling the dose of inhaled steroids during severe episodes of asthma can reduce the risk of serious attacks by 20% and hospital admissions. The study involved nearly 2000 patient volunteers and showed promising results for patients with long-term asthma.
A new study reveals that stick spiders have evolved and differentiated into distinct ecological types on each Hawaiian island, with remarkable predictability in their physical traits. The research sheds light on the origins of biodiversity and highlights the need for conserving nature's forms.
A new study has identified a specific structure within memory cells that enables them to respond rapidly to infections and vaccinations. This discovery sheds light on how the body remembers disease-causing pathogens and can react more quickly upon renewed exposure.
A new study in mice suggests that a weakened gut barrier may contribute to autoimmune disease. Researchers found that certain bacteria, such as <i>Enterococcus gallinarum</i>, can leak out of the intestines and trigger an autoimmune response similar to what's seen in lupus.
A team of scientists, led by Penn State's Demian Saffer and Laura Wallace, is installing observatories beneath the sea floor to study slow earthquakes. They aim to uncover links between slow earthquakes, large normal earthquakes, and tsunami generation risk.
A new study has linked air pollution exposure during fetal life with brain abnormalities, including a thinner cortex, which may contribute to impaired cognitive function in school-age children. Exposure to fine particles was associated with difficulties in inhibitory control, related to mental health problems such as addiction and ADHD.
A Lehigh University professor has received a prestigious NSF CAREER Award to explore the role of human mesenchymal stem cells in remodeling hydrogel materials for wound healing. Her research aims to develop new biomaterials with optimal properties for tissue regeneration and structural integrity.
A new study found that adolescent and young adult cancer survivors have more available resources for emotional and practical support as well as advice on weight and physical activity. The study also showed a correlation between the strength of social networks and better coping skills.
The special issue presents 13 research papers by 35 authors on contemporary myriapod research, including new species discoveries and molecular phylogenetic studies. The collection also includes an editorial and a paper on the online platform VIRMISCO.
A new Yale study reveals that gut bacteria can travel to other organs and trigger an autoimmune response. Researchers found that suppressing the growth of Enterococcus gallinarum with an antibiotic or vaccine can suppress autoimmunity in mice with chronic autoimmune conditions.
Researchers developed new, open-source algorithms to automatically detect bat echolocation calls in noisy audio recordings using deep learning approach. The algorithms were trained on thousands of annotated audio datasets collected by citizen scientists, enabling reliable detection of bat calls in real-world recordings.
A recent study by George Mason University researchers found that women who have given birth have shorter telomeres compared to childless women. The study suggests a link between having children and increased telomere shortening, which may be associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates.
Mark C. Gebhardt, MD, is recognized for his efforts to increase diversity in orthopaedics, particularly among women and minority groups. He has mentored numerous medical students and residents, and advocates for recruiting and hiring diverse talent into the field.
Scientists have developed diagnostic tools to improve the controllable and selective fabrication of nanomaterials. New discoveries reveal that molecular precursors govern the synthesis of carbon nanotubes in a purely carbon electric arc. This breakthrough opens the door to improved predictive modeling of nanosynthesis.
Researchers have developed a novel mathematical model combining general relativity with quantum vacuum polarization, enabling the existence of ultracompact stars and new stellar configurations. The study suggests that these stars could be detectable in future gravitational wave observatories.
Patients with cardiovascular disease have impaired levels of protective molecules in their blood in the morning, leading to increased risk of blood clots and heart attacks. Replenishing these molecules can improve cell behavior and reduce inflammation.
Researchers at Syracuse University are making progress in understanding the disease mechanism of ALS by studying ubiquitin and Ubiquilin-2 protein interactions. They found that ubiquitin eliminates droplets of UBQLN2, a protein-encoding gene linked to ALS and dementia.
A study published in the Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry found that nearly one-quarter of 12-year-olds from public schools had a psychiatric disorder, with depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder being the most common diagnoses. Investing in socio-economic inequality prevention and preventing violent events during child...
Two studies found that acetaminophen use increases during cold/flu season, with a 24% increase in high-dose intake. Acetaminophen is the most commonly used analgesic in France, but its use can lead to liver harm if not taken correctly.
Researchers used a novel, multi-scale modeling method to demonstrate that tensegrity principles govern the spatial arrangement and physical forces experienced by components of living cells. This approach revealed how tensegrity-based changes in molecular shape drive cellular motion and generate tensional forces.
A nationwide study found that one in five teachers who experienced physical or verbal violence at their schools didn't report the incidents to school administrators. The study also showed that significant minorities of teachers who experienced violence also didn't tell their colleagues (14 percent) or family (24 percent).
New research reveals sections of the San Francisco Bay shoreline are sinking at rates of nearly half an inch a year. This subsidence exacerbates flooding risks from rising sea levels, increasing areas at risk from 20 to 166 square miles by 2100.
Researchers mapped gene expression levels to understand how mutations affect traits, finding non-linear relationships that aren't proportional to the level of mutation. This discovery helps improve prediction accuracy for diseases like cleft lip and palate.
Scientists at Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute have found a new mechanism by which BRCA1 can be rendered dysfunctional in Ewing sarcoma. The study reveals that the mutant oncogene produced by the fusion oncogene traps BRCA1, preventing it from repairing genetic damage.
A new study from the University of Notre Dame finds that when audit offices prioritize non-audit services due to fee pressure, audit quality suffers, leading to increased client misstatement rates and compromised financial statement accuracy.
Researchers discovered that inhibiting CDK2 protects mice and rats from noise- or drug-induced hearing loss. Kenpaullone, a CDK2 inhibitor, shows significant clinical potential in treating noise-induced hearing loss.
NASA's Aqua satellite observed Tropical Cyclone Dumazile moving through the Southern Indian Ocean with a well-defined low-level center of circulation. The satellite also captured clouds pushed south of the center due to vertical wind shear, indicating a significant threat to the cyclone's structure.
Researchers created a new type of microfluidic device using collagen-based membranes to mimic the growth of human intestinal cells. The results showed that colon cells grown on the collagen membrane were more viable and differentiated compared to those in other devices.
A £1 million funded research project at Swansea University is developing virtual qualification for high-value manufacturing. This technology uses 3D X-ray imaging to create digital replicas of components, allowing for the assessment of performance and reduction of human error. The goal is to reduce testing time from weeks to hours.
Researchers at Lund University discovered a link between a growth factor in the lymphatic system and an increased risk of heart failure. The marker, VEGF-D, affects fluid removal from the body, particularly in women.
A recent study found that patients are willing to travel up to 75 minutes longer and 5 hours longer to receive specialized cancer care with improved outcomes. Centralization of cancer surgery services can reduce variations in quality of care and improve patient health outcomes.
A study of 1213 Italian adolescents found that nearly half exceeded the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommended daily caffeine intake. Coffee was the main contributor to daily caffeine consumption, highlighting the need for awareness campaigns to reduce caffeine intake among adolescents.
Human embryonic stem cells are immortal due to a 'garbage disposal system' called the proteasome. Reducing E3-ubiquitin ligases levels does not affect their behavior, but impacts overall cell function.
A review in Journal of Psychiatric Practice recommends cognitive therapies as a favored approach to addressing trauma symptoms in human trafficking victims. Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) shows promise in treating trauma-related distress, with potential benefits including reduced feelings of guilt and shame.
A large study of Japanese adults found a significant association between higher vitamin D levels and a lower risk of overall cancer, including liver cancer. The researchers observed a reduced relative risk of around 20% for overall cancer and 30-50% for liver cancer.
A comprehensive survey of 2,279 graduate students found that they are more than six times as likely to experience depression and anxiety as the general population. The study highlights the need for mental health resources and career development programs in academia.
Researchers found that pets consuming parabens through their diet have increased exposure to diseases, such as diabetes and kidney disease. The study analyzed commercial pet food and urine samples from dogs and cats, revealing high concentrations of methyl paraben and its metabolite in both food and urine.
A new study found that low levels of L-arginine in pregnant women with malaria are associated with worse pregnancy outcomes. Supplementing these women with L-arginine may improve birth weights and viability among their babies, according to research published in Science Translational Medicine.
Researchers at UC Davis have discovered a potential strategy to combat HIV latency by modulating histone crotonylation, which regulates HIV transcription. Increasing crotonylation increased viral transcription in both cell models and patient samples, suggesting a promising approach for developing an HIV cure.
Researchers mapped battery materials with atomic precision, finding that surface structure differs from interior and optimizing performance by varying lithium-to-metal ratios. The study used advanced electron microscopy techniques to analyze cathode material structures, revealing new insights into phase transformations and capacity loss.
Brown University engineers developed a new method of measuring the stickiness of micro-scale surfaces, which could aid in designing and building micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). The technique uses thermal vibrations to calculate work of adhesion, allowing for the evaluation of material properties and surface textures.
Research found that fetal exposure to high-fat diets can lead to fatty liver development, increasing the risk of childhood obesity and metabolic diseases. The study identified microRNAs playing a role in this process, shedding light on potential strategies to combat childhood obesity.
A study found that 16.2% of dual-registered clinical trials had discrepant completion statuses, with 33.9% listed as 'completed' on ClinicalTrials.gov despite being 'ongoing' on EUCTR. This discrepancy may affect publication bias and systematic reviews.
Acupuncture may be a safe alternative to drugs for chronic pain, with moderate benefit shown in a review of 20,827 patients. However, critics argue that the evidence is insufficient and that it can be linked to better quality of life compared to usual care. Doctors should consider a more flexible approach to guideline development.
The proton battery uses a carbon electrode as a hydrogen store, coupled with a reversible fuel cell to produce electricity. It stores more energy per unit mass than commercially available lithium ion batteries and has the potential to power electric vehicles and medium-scale storage on electricity grids.
A study from Uppsala University reveals a link between ice volume, sea level changes and desertification in Eurasia. The research found that as ice volume decreased and sea levels rose, summer monsoon rainfalls intensified, while sandy deserts retreated.
Therapy animals are used in mental and physical health treatment, but lack regulation; guidelines aim to prevent misuse and misunderstanding. The new recommendations include standard terminology, clear methodologies, peak bodies, and ongoing research.
Rheumatoid arthritis patients have higher mortality rates due to complications from the disease and its treatment. Cardiovascular and respiratory conditions, including pneumonia, are major contributors to these deaths.
Brazilian researchers design a non-invasive system that identifies different stages of fruit ripening with an accuracy rate of 95%. The system uses algorithms and digital imaging to analyze the biochemical stage of fruit maturation, providing essential information for precise papaya harvesting.