Scientists have successfully reprogrammed human blood cells into a new type of neural stem cell, similar to those in early embryonic development. This breakthrough could lead to the development of regenerative therapies for treating diseases of the nervous system.
A new study analyzed combined results of 47 randomized clinical trials, lasting at least 12 months, involving 22,000 patients with knee osteoarthritis. The research found uncertainty around long-term effectiveness of medications in controlling pain, highlighting the need for large randomized clinical trials.
A study by Radboud University ecologist Luca Santini found that mammals living in urban environments produce more young, which is likely due to high mortality rates. Different groups of mammals use various strategies to adapt, such as producing larger litters, having brains and bodies better suited for their environment.
A recent study by UNIGE and HUG researchers found that people's confidence in interpreting others' emotions is often skewed by their personal experiences. The study used functional MRI to examine brain activity during emotional recognition, revealing that areas of the brain linked to autobiographical memory play a key role in determini...
A bright source of femtosecond soft X-ray pulses has been created using extreme high-order harmonic generation process. This enables the simultaneous local probing at both carbon and nitrogen sites within molecules, facilitating multiple-site investigation with potential correlations between these sites upon molecular rearrangements.
A new study by researchers from the University of Copenhagen reveals that glial cells play a crucial role in the development of Huntington's disease. The study found that glial cell maturation is severely impaired in patients with the disease, leading to behavioral and motor changes.
A new study reveals that wildfires can affect plant growth hundreds of kilometers away from the impact zone, reducing productivity in areas far from the blaze. This finding suggests that fire pollution could pose an increasing threat to global productivity in a warming world.
A Northwestern Medicine study found that sulfonylureas and basal insulin increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and amputation in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The study suggests a paradigm shift in treatment, recommending newer diabetes medications with more favorable cardiovascular profiles.
Researchers at TU Wien and China's University of Science and Technology have developed a new method to identify topologically interesting quantum states in materials. By manipulating the geometry of atomic arrangements using light waves, they can reveal clear signatures indicating whether such states exist or not.
A novel mechanism regulating cellular injury by phagocytes has been identified through research on myoferlin, a protein involved in calcium-dependent lysosomal exocytosis. Myoferlin deficiency impairs the cytotoxic capacity of phagocytes, leading to increased accumulation of debris and reduced secretion of lysosomal enzymes.
A new study found that fire air pollution weakens forest productivity globally, with surface O3 reducing GPP by 4.9 Pg C and global aerosols enhancing it by 1.0 Pg C. The net impact is dominated by O3, leading to a reduction of 0.9 Pg C annually.
A new study published in The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery found no increase in complications for patients undergoing overlapping orthopedic surgery. The analysis included over 22,000 outpatient procedures and showed a comparable complication rate between overlapping and nonoverlapping surgeries.
Researchers propose a support vector machine-based method to predict enhancers on multiple cell lines and tissues, achieving better performance than state-of-the-art methods. The findings indicate that predicting enhancers is easier for adult or young tissue samples compared to fetal samples.
A recent study suggests that limiting contact in football practice can reduce head impacts, but the correct approach involves adjusting practice methods such as reducing speed and improving tackling technique. The researchers found that full-speed tackling and blocking drills resulted in the highest head impact severity and frequency.
Scientists at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory found that plasmoids can alter turbulent energy spectrum in conducting fluids, creating localized intense electric current sheets. This process influences how heat flows through the sun and other astrophysical objects.
Researchers have created a soft, non-toxic wearable sensor that measures force and motion to diagnose developmental disabilities. The sensor is designed for small children and has the potential to provide advantages not currently available.
Hepatitis C infection affects 0.93% of US adults, with highest rates in opioid crisis-affected states, and varies by state and region
Researchers used augmented reality to investigate the link between active sensing movement and sensory feedback in weakly electric fish. The study found that subtle active sensing movements are controlled by sensory feedback, enhancing sensory information reception. This discovery may have implications for neuroscience and robotics.
A large-scale study by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center's Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology found that the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program may be associated with an increase in patient-level mortality. The researchers evaluated trends in mortality among Medicare patients hospitalized for heart failure, a hear...
Actinium-225 has low production yields, making its commercial production unsustainable. Research from Northstar Medical Technologies LLC presents techniques to improve sustainability, including established and experimental methods. The company aims to provide reliable and environmentally friendly radioisotope supply solutions.
Researchers found that cooking spinach for short times minimizes lutein loss, while microwaving partially compensates. Adding fat to spinach releases more lutein, making smoothies a best way to consume it.
In the US, millions of Google searches related to sexual harassment and assault surged after Harvey Weinstein accusations sparked the #MeToo movement. The study found a significant increase in search activity, including terms on reporting and prevention.
Researchers at Ohio University have found that tornadoes form from the ground up, contrary to long-held theories. This discovery has significant implications for tornado forecasting and warning systems.
A WCS study finds Tropical Cyclone Winston damaged homes and fisheries in Fiji, with mud crab fisheries particularly vulnerable. The cyclone led to a significant decline in catch rates and local consumption of crabs, affecting women fishers who rely on them for income.
Researchers at the University of Houston have developed a high-energy magnesium battery with up to 243 watt hours per kilogram, outperforming earlier models. The new design uses a chloride-free electrolyte and organic cathode, enabling stable performance and high energy storage capacity.
An observational study found that HRRP implementation was associated with increased 30-day postdischarge mortality for heart failure and pneumonia patients. However, no association was seen for patients hospitalized for heart attack.
Researchers from Chinese Academy of Sciences improve PSCs by removing van der Waals gaps in Ruddlesden-Popper phase 2D layered perovskites. The newly developed materials exhibit outstanding stability under harsh testing conditions.
A massive stellar flare on a baby star has been spotted by University of Warwick astronomers, revealing how it could create the building blocks for future planets. The flare's x-rays are thought to affect the formation of chondrules, flash-melted calcium-aluminium-rich grains that eventually coalesce into orbiting planets.
Researchers found a significant association between cancer development and an elevated risk of heart attack and stroke in the months leading up to the diagnosis. The risk was highest for patients with lung and colorectal cancers and those diagnosed with stage 3 or 4 disease, peaking in the month before diagnosis.
Northwestern University scientists discovered two successful therapies that slowed pediatric leukemia progression in mice, according to recent studies. The research focused on stabilizing the MLL protein, which can slow cancer growth and increase survival rates.
A nurse-led specialist clinic in GP surgeries has been shown to diagnose twice as many cases of liver disease than usual care. Simple tests, such as liver stiffness measurements and blood samples, detected nearly half of the patients as having some form of liver disease, including cirrhosis and fatty liver disease.
Plant roots sense moisture levels in soil and adapt their architecture to optimize water uptake, enabling crops to be bred for climate resilience. This discovery could help ensure food security by developing crops with improved water efficiency.
The University of Birmingham has developed an innovative eye drop treatment that rapidly reduces sight-threatening scarring to the surface of the eye. This novel treatment, which consists of a fluid gel loaded with a natural wound-healing protein called Decorin, shows promise in promoting scarless healing and improving corneal transpar...
Researchers found that individuals with schizophrenia have reduced bodily sensation across all emotions and don't differentiate between emotions on their body maps. This affects their ability to identify, recognize, and verbalize emotions or understand others.
Researchers found that a fatty acid produced by gut bacteria, propionate, helps defend against the effects of high blood pressure, including atherosclerosis and heart tissue remodeling. A diet rich in fiber can increase survival rate and reduce damage to the cardiovascular system.
This observational study found scheduled dialysis to be associated with reduced mortality, healthcare utilization and costs among patients with end-stage renal disease. The researchers call for scheduled dialysis to be the standard of care for any patient with ESRD in the US.
A team of researchers has identified 261 new genes linked to blindness and vision disorders in mice, which could help identify new causes of hereditary blindness in humans. The study uses a large database of gene-knockout mice to accelerate the application of genomics in clinical medicine.
Researchers have developed tiny gears made of germanium that can generate a vortex of twisted light, enabling high-capacity data transmission with chip-based optical computing and communication. The new technology has the potential to boost the amount of data that can be transmitted using less light.
A study by Max Allen and colleagues found several mammalian predators, including gray wolves and American martens, living on islands with varying sizes and proximity to the mainland. The research offers new insights into island biogeography and highlights the importance of preserving carnivore habitats.
The study analyzed data from over 69,000 ED visits for patients under 18 and found a decrease in opioid prescribing rates from 2006-2010 to 2011-2015. Regional and demographic differences were observed, with higher rates among white patients and those aged 13-17, as well as lower rates among Medicaid recipients.
Tropical Cyclone Cilida rapidly intensified off the coast of Mauritius, with maximum sustained winds reaching 135 knots. The storm is expected to strengthen before weakening in four days, transitioning into an extra-tropical cyclone.
The presence of alcohol on greeting cards reinforces a social attitude that excess drinking is acceptable and associated with celebration. This can influence views on drinking and contribute to increased consumption, particularly among young people.
A new special issue of Birth Defects Research explores the role of maternal contributions on fetal development, including organ formation and immune system regulation. Studies show that mother-to-baby transmission affects the risk of birth defects and diseases like food allergy and schizophrenia.
Researchers sequenced the first complete Himalayan marmot genome, uncovering genetic mechanisms underlying high-altitude adaptation and hibernation. The findings also shed light on the immune system's role in protecting against diseases like hepatitis virus.
Researchers examined cancer metabolism using flux-balance analysis and found that the Warburg effect provides a growth advantage for tumors, while glutamine addiction does not. The study also sheds light on the relationship between healthy cells and tumor cells under the reverse Warburg effect.
Researchers at Institut Pasteur have identified CD4 T lymphocytes as a key target for HIV infection and developed a new approach to eliminate infected cells. By blocking the virus's energy production, scientists can destroy infected reservoirs, potentially leading to remission.
Researchers have developed a computer vision system that uses a brain-inspired approach to learn and identify objects in real-world images. The system is trained on a vast amount of data from the internet, allowing it to build a detailed model of objects without external guidance.
An international team of physicists has failed to detect the charged Higgs boson in a recent analysis, but found evidence that limits new theories. The search for the particle focused on masses between 90 gigaelectronvolts and 2000 gigaelectronvolts.
Researchers at Kiel University will develop next-generation gene therapies for cardiovascular disease using AAV vectors, aiming to improve treatment approaches and reduce vascular inflammation in conditions like atherosclerosis. The project aims to translate experimental treatments into clinical applications.
A study found that four mammalian lineages coexisted with the dinosaurs and survived the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Some species were more resilient than others, while others diversified rapidly in response to new environmental conditions.
Researchers have developed a novel portable optical imaging system that enables real-time visualization of tumor microenvironment in human breast tissue shortly after surgery. The system provides molecular features of breast cancer tissue, allowing for more accurate diagnoses and tracking of tumor progression.
Astronomers have found a way to illuminate the elusive nature of dark matter by analyzing intracluster light from six massive galaxy clusters in the Frontier Fields program. The faint glow between galaxies in a cluster traces the path of dark matter, providing a more accurate understanding of its distribution.
NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite observed two Category 2 hurricanes, Tropical Cyclone Kenanga and Tropical Cyclone Cilida, in the Southern Indian Ocean on Dec. 20, 2018. Both storms were sporting an eye and had maximum sustained winds near 90 knots (103.6 mph).
Researchers reveal that dendritic cell partnership with CD4 T cells is crucial for disease development in both diseases, offering new insights into treatment options. The study also highlights the importance of targeting multiple pathways to treat patients with these immunological disorders.
A study found that peritoneal dialysis clinical trials frequently disregard the most important outcomes for patients and caregivers. The researchers conducted focus groups with 81 patients and 45 caregivers from Australia, the US, and Hong Kong to identify their top priorities.
Researchers used high-powered supercomputing techniques to simulate extreme conditions and determine the maximum amount of nitrogen in the Earth's outer core. The study provides critical insights into the planet's chemical composition and its potential impact on habitability.
Researchers have discovered how a protein called Parkin protects neurons in the brain by repairing internal damage that may otherwise kill them. The study found that Parkin 'buys time' for cells to respond to damage and triggers cell death, potentially leading to neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease.
Researchers describe an extended quantum Maxwell's demon that violates the second law of thermodynamics in a system up to 5 meters away from the device. The demon channels entropy away from a target qubit, reducing its disorder without affecting its energy.
Comet 46P/Wirtanen's unique orbit allowed astronomers to study its nucleus, coma, and chemical makeup. The telescope observations shed light on the origins and history of Earth's oceans.
A recent survey in Iceland found that only half of residents evacuated during the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption did so. The researchers argue that a one-size-fits-all approach to evacuations is unlikely to work due to population diversification and changing community dynamics.