A team of researchers from Penn State and NYU has deconstructed the 'biological clock' that regulates birdsong, revealing delays within neuronal circuits play a critical role in timing. The study found a wide distribution of delays in the circuit, allowing for higher resolution and more precise control over complex behaviors.
Scientists at Tufts University genetically engineered cow muscle cells to produce beta carotene, a provitamin that may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. The study demonstrates the potential of cell-cultured meat products to surpass the nutritional profile of conventionally produced meat.
The Keeling Curve, a critical indicator of global warming, will continue to be monitored with $1.45 million in funding from the Schmidts. The measurements have provided key evidence that the world's oceans are becoming increasingly acidic due to human-induced carbon dioxide emissions.
The NIH has awarded a 4D Nucleome grant to Gladstone researchers Benoit Bruneau and Katie Pollard to investigate DNA folding in the developing heart. They aim to identify genetic causes of congenital heart disease, which affects one in 100 live births worldwide.
Researchers found that athletes feel isolated and excluded when injured, hiding their pain and injury due to pressure to perform. The study aims to create a sporting environment prioritizing physical health and welfare, with tailored injury management programs and athlete-centered care.
A new study found that our brains use different approaches to avoid harm to ourselves versus others. When learning to avoid harm to others, decisions are automatic and efficient, but when avoiding harm to oneself, choices become more deliberative and future-focused.
A new self-expanding bioprosthetic valve used in TAVR failed to demonstrate non-inferiority compared to an existing valve. The SCOPE II Trial found increased rates of cardiac death and moderate-severe aortic regurgitation with the new valve.
A rapid and simple method for testing the efficacy of antibacterial drugs has been developed by Penn State researchers. The technique uses dynamic laser speckle imaging coupled with machine learning to predict whether bacteria are alive or dead, allowing for accurate determination of minimum inhibitory concentration values. This could ...
Researchers discovered a distinctive supergene in fire ant colonies determining young queen behavior, leading to new pest control methods. The study also found aggressive behavior towards queens without the supergene.
Research at Indiana University Kelley School of Business found that wearing blue-light-filtering glasses can lead to better night's sleep and improved work engagement. Daily task performance and organizational citizenship behavior also increased with blue light reduction.
A new RAND Corporation report reveals that Facebook users are less apt to press the 'like' button on content when they learn it's part of a foreign propaganda campaign. Researchers found that most users in hyper-partisan news consumer groups reconsider their initial response after source is revealed, with media literacy interventions s...
During annual migration, bats selectively suppress cellular immune responses and favour non-cellular humoral immunity to conserve energy. This strategy helps them survive the strenuous journeys of up to 2,000 km.
Reelin signaling suppresses OPC proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, regulating their radial distribution in the late embryonic mouse neocortex. The regulation of Reelin function by proteolysis is crucial for normal OPC development.
A Durham University study found that e-cigarette use during pregnancy may lead to abnormal reflexes and impaired brain development in babies. The researchers recommend that mothers avoid using e-cigarettes or traditional cigarettes during pregnancy.
Researchers found significant increases in floral abundance and wild bee diversity in spruce beetle-affected forests, compared to similar, undisturbed forests. This is good news for wild bee communities, which have been declining in recent years.
Researchers at HKU have identified a novel antiviral strategy for treating COVID-19, utilizing the metal-based compound ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication. RBC targets the viral helicase Nsp13, reducing viral loads by over 1,000-folds and mitigating symptoms.
Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism by which cells detect and respond to mechanical stress, triggered by the deformation of their nuclei. This 'fight or flight' reflex allows cells to rapidly flee crowded environments, a process that is conserved across species and in adulthood.
Astronomers at the University of Vienna used machine learning to trace groups of stars born together and found thousands of sibling stars surrounding well-known cores of star clusters. The discovery reveals that star clusters are enclosed in rich halos, or coronae, more than 10 times larger than previously thought.
A new study from Rice University finds that well-educated bisexual adults experience less health benefit from education compared to heterosexual and gay/lesbian adults. This effect is especially true for women, with social stigma and gender discrimination potentially contributing to the disparity.
A clinical study has identified the most effective treatments for cryptogenic sensory polyneuropathy (CSPN), a condition affecting over 20 million people in the US. Nortriptyline and duloxetine emerged as top performers, with nortriptyline showing the highest efficacy rate.
The newly created position aims to pioneer research and educational offerings in 'transformational strategy', a novel approach that goes beyond traditional strategy techniques. The Chair will develop practical methods to support company boards in transforming their business models.
A Cornell University professor has been awarded a grant to study the coexistence of agriculture and energy development in New York State. The project aims to determine efficient solar farm array configurations to avoid land-use conflicts and spoil precious agricultural space.
Researchers found that a D-dimer blood test alone can accurately identify patients at risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), allowing for targeted follow-up with ultrasound examinations. The study suggests this simplified approach could reduce unnecessary tests and improve diagnosis accuracy.
A Russian research team found that social brain components are co-activated during group problem-solving, but do not form a holistic system. This suggests that the 'social brain' is not as integrated as previously thought.
Researchers have discovered a massive globular cluster in the Andromeda Galaxy with an unusually low metallicity, challenging current theories on GC formation. The cluster's metallicity is nearly three times lower than previously known limits, suggesting that massive clusters could form from pristine gas in the early Universe.
Researchers from the University of Minnesota developed a bimodal neuromodulation treatment using sound and electrical stimulation to reduce tinnitus symptoms. The study, published in Science Translational Medicine, showed significant improvements in symptom severity for 86% of participants after 12 weeks of treatment.
A recent report by the American Dental Association found that fewer than one percent of dentists in the US were COVID-19 positive, with 99% using enhanced infection control procedures. The study, which surveyed nearly 2,200 dentists, suggests that dentistry's risk of transmission is lower than initially thought.
A cross-sectional study found that 63% of comments on the FDA proposal came from parties with financial ties to industry, with only 4% citing scientific literature. The study aims to bring attention to the need for greater transparency in AI/ML development and encourage more academic input in regulatory frameworks.
The Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment Center (NEWT) at Rice University has been renewed for five years with a $16.5 million NSF award. The center will focus on developing multifunctional nanomaterials and low-energy desalination technologies to address global water needs.
Researchers have developed an artificial cyanobacterial biofilm that can sustainably produce green ethylene for up to 40 days. The biofilm's design limits cell growth, promoting efficient light utilization and biomass allocation towards ethylene biosynthesis.
A collaboration between Synthego and The Krogan Lab used CRISPR-based genome engineering to study genes associated with SARS-CoV-2. This approach revealed key targets for potential coronavirus treatment, accelerating research in the fight against COVID-19.
A new survey found that over 40% of US adults support a stronger government role in society, with majority backing health, unemployment, and income-related policies. The findings suggest growing support for extending social safety net policies passed during the pandemic.
Researchers used a well-known optical illusion to isolate key clusters of neurons in zebrafish, finding only a dozen or so neurons required for motion perception. The study aims to understand how these neurons are wired within the neural circuit and their connections with visual input.
A DNA study reveals that scimitar-toothed cats were highly skilled hunters with good daytime vision and complex social behaviors. They had genetic adaptations for strong bones, cardiovascular systems, and endurance running, suggesting a pack-based hunting style.
Researchers at NTU Singapore have developed a system that enables robots to recognize pain and self-repair with minimal wiring and circuits. The 'mini-brain' approach allows the robot to process information efficiently and adapt to its environment, making it more interactive with humans.
Researchers at Penn State used deep learning to clear up noise in radar satellite data, enabling near real-time observation of volcanic movements. The system can build an accurate picture of the land and its movements, spotting potential warning signs like sudden land shifts.
Research suggests that people do not trust health content on crowdsourced sites, even with expert curation, due to concerns about misinformation and manipulation. However, interactive features such as editing functions can increase perceived credibility.
Researchers examined whether individuals are using cannabidiol (CBD) for diagnosable conditions with evidence-based therapies. The study found that many users were seeking alternative treatments, highlighting the need for more research on CBD's efficacy and safety.
A global study has identified common vulnerabilities among three lethal coronaviruses, including frequently hijacked cellular pathways. The study highlights shared cellular processes and protein targets that could be considered as targets for therapeutic interventions.
The MITHRAS trial found that interventional closure of an iatrogenic atrial septal defect (iASD) driven by transcatheter mitral valve repair was not superior to conservative medical treatment. The study also revealed that the presence of a persistent iASD is associated with increased long-term mortality and morbidity following TMVR.
Researchers developed a near-infrared/pH dual-responsive drug delivery system using graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots and carbon nanosheets for improved chemotherapy response. The system exhibits light-to-heat conversion and singlet oxygen generation capabilities under single NIR excitation.
A joint project by RIT and URMC will monitor vital signs of heart failure patients using an AI-enabled toilet seat, aiming to reduce hospital return rates. The system records data on heart rate, blood flow, and oxygenation, providing near-real-time information to physicians.
A report by University of Portsmouth experts challenges the effectiveness of a commonly used police interview technique for detecting lies. The technique, which has been employed by both the FBI and British police, is deemed unfit for use.
Researchers discovered a new combination of treatments that may benefit patients with certain gene mutations. Inhibiting the protein AKT suppressed growth of tumour cells in animal models, while combining dexamethasone with AKT inhibition showed better results.
Carnivorous plants have evolved to digest insect prey by repurposing defense proteins, a mechanism that is regulated through genetic mechanisms. The study aims to understand the evolution and regulation of this process.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new type of microrobot that can navigate through the rough terrain of a human colon, enabling potential targeted drug delivery without causing side effects. The microrobots use magnetic fields to tumble and move through the colon, allowing for controlled release of medication.
A large international consortium of researchers has studied three coronaviruses, identifying common molecular mechanisms and potential drug targets for rapid treatment response. The study also analyzed clinical data to identify effective FDA-approved therapeutics for COVID-19 patients.
Researchers identified Nrp1 as a novel Reelin receptor, essential for superficial-layer neuron dendrite development in the mouse neocortex. The Reelin-Nrp1 interaction regulates apical dendrite formation, suggesting a new mechanism for normal network establishment.
Researchers found that hypochlorous acid can chemically modify malodorous compounds and rapidly inactivate infectious particles, promoting greater latrine use. The study also shows potential for HOCl to improve latrine odor and reduce transmission of diseases such as dengue fever.
Researchers found that using the race multiplier correction factor for Black patients with chronic kidney disease can lead to delayed referrals and critical conversations about dialysis. Removing this factor could reclassify up to one-third of Black patients to a more severe stage of CKD.
A new study suggests that investing in climate-positive recovery plans for the global energy system could put the world on track to meet the Paris Agreement goals. Investing just a tenth of the $12 trillion pledged in stimulus packages over five years in climate-friendly policies could achieve net zero carbon energy by mid-century.
Researchers designed hydrogels with self-renewing, lipid-based boundary layers, reducing friction by a near 100-fold. The approach maintains lubricity after drying and rehydration, opening potential applications in tissue engineering and biosensor development.
Dr. Mauro Vallati will receive a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship to develop AI-driven frameworks for tackling traffic congestion and environmental issues in urban areas. The research aims to optimize traffic light settings, communicate with vehicles, and reduce pollution.
A study by Brown University researchers reveals that firefighting foams contain a complex mixture of PFAS compounds that behave differently than individual substances. The findings suggest that these foams have a greater affinity for the air-water interface, which can help predict pollution spread and inform cleanup efforts.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science found that Sb atoms introduce a slight distortion in the interatomic distances, promoting phonon scattering and increasing thermal conductivity. This leads to improved electrical conductivity and thermoelectric performance of doped Mg2Si.
Researchers Scott Glaberman and Ylenia Chiari investigate the relationship between body size and longevity in Galapagos tortoises. They hypothesize that enhanced ER stress responses contribute to the evolution of large body sizes and long lifespans.
A recent study has provided a detailed picture of fuel and nutrient use by the human heart, establishing a new framework for studying heart function in health and disease. The study found that healthy hearts rely heavily on fatty acids as energy sources, while failing hearts consume more ketones and release more amino acids.
A new study by the University of Exeter and the University of East Anglia demonstrates that Common Carp would evolve resistance to KHV, rendering it ineffective. The research highlights the need for alternative control methods to mitigate ecological damage caused by invasive carp.
Researchers at the University of Maryland are developing an ingestible capsule that can monitor and model gut microbiome serotonin activity. The platform provides access to the specific site of serotonin production, allowing for real-time processing and neurological effects assessment.
Researchers have identified a new key player in long-term memory formation, the connection between mossy cells and granule cells in the hippocampus. This discovery sheds light on how new environments are processed and stored in the brain.