Scientists at Southwest Research Institute modeled chemical processes in Enceladus' subsurface ocean, indicating the possibility of a diverse microbial community. The study found that oxidant production and oxidation chemistry could contribute to supporting possible life on Enceladus.
A new study found that many weight loss surgery patients in the UK are not receiving annual nutritional monitoring and weight checks as recommended by clinical guidelines. This can lead to serious health consequences, including weight regain and nutrient deficiencies. The study's lead researcher calls for improved support for GPs and p...
Researchers from SUTD and MIT developed a procedure to link large-scale assembly processes to molecular simulations, allowing them to study the movement and interactions of atoms and molecules. They successfully simulated a large-scale virus, M13, with nanoparticles for fifty nanoseconds, overcoming previous limitations.
A study by the University of Barcelona reveals that fishing hardens the understanding of how species adapt to their environment, with morphotypes differing in resource use and diet within marine reserves. Marine reservoirs are crucial for understanding original behavior before human intervention.
A study published in JAMA Psychiatry found that patients with Parkinson disease in Taiwan were at a higher risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors compared to the general population. The research highlights the need for improved mental health support and early intervention strategies for individuals with Parkinson disease.
A review of 13 studies found that individuals with skin of color are at increased risk of developing melanoma due to UV exposure. The study suggests that prolonged UV light exposure is a significant risk factor for melanoma in this population.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, people in Vermont reported significant increases in outdoor activity, with women leading the way. Outdoor activities such as watching wildlife, gardening, and walking increased by up to 70%. People also valued nature for its mental health benefits, exercise opportunities, and sense of spirituality.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have created a computational model of brain activity that simulates how humans adapt to new situations. The model, which incorporates the concept of 'gating' to control information flow, outperforms previous models and mimics human mistakes seen in patients with prefrontal cortex damage. This breakthro...
Scientists have discovered how a key protein channel regulates ion transport across cell membranes, with implications for developing treatments for diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and neurological pain. The research found that the channel's function depends on its variant and is regulated by PIP2 binding and phosphorylation.
Researchers discovered diverse behaviors in ultracold lithium atom spins influenced by magnetic forces. They used lasers to trap and arrange strings of 40 atoms each, inducing helical patterns that disappeared as individual spins approached equilibrium. The findings may help engineer spintronic devices and novel magnetic materials.
A new species of endemic centipede, Cryptops speleorex, has been discovered in Movile Cave, Romania, with a length of 46-52 mm. The creature is the largest known inhabitant of the cave and boasts venomous predation skills.
Paul Farmer, a renowned global health expert, has been awarded the Berggruen Prize for Philosophy and Culture for his groundbreaking work on infectious diseases, social inequality, and human rights. His impactful ideas have reshaped how we think about health and disease, particularly in resource-poor communities.
Researchers at Kyushu University identified eight transcription factors that can convert mouse stem cells directly into oocyte-like cells. These findings offer a simple route for generating specialized substances unique to oocytes for use in reproductive biology and medicine.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine has published a new clinical practice guideline supporting cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia as the most effective treatment for chronic insomnia disorder. The guideline also recommends multi-component brief therapies and single-component therapies like stimulus control and relaxation ther...
A graduate student developed an open-source code called BADASS, which provides a way to fit stellar motions simultaneously with other components in astronomical spectra. The code is versatile enough to fit not just active galactic nuclei but also normal galaxies, and can be used for any kind of spectroscopy.
Kaiser Permanente has found that patients are more receptive to using mental health and wellness apps when referred by a clinician. Digital therapeutics such as mental health apps can offer significant help for patients with mild-to-moderate anxiety or depression, reducing stress and anxiety, and improving sleep.
The COVID-19 vaccine candidate, KBP-COVID-19, has demonstrated potential advantages in production speed and stability at room temperature, which could reduce the time between virus identification and vaccine deployment. The Phase I study will enroll 180 healthy volunteers to assess the safety and efficacy of the vaccine.
A new study published in Neurology found that siponimod improved cognitive processing speed in people with advanced secondary progressive MS. The medication showed a 28% higher chance of sustained improvement compared to placebo, and reduced the risk of decline by 21%.
A new scientific study examines vaccine delivery in low- and middle-income nations, finding higher vaccination rates in urban areas than rural communities. The study highlights the need for policymakers to target both urban and remote locations to equitably vaccinate all children.
Scientists have identified a key gene necessary for cells to consume and destroy viruses through a process called autophagy. The study found that a gene called sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) plays a critical role in viral autophagy, suggesting that it could be used to develop broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics.
Two Monash University scientists found that the enzyme DOT1L plays a critical role in controlling T cell differentiation and function. Genetically eliminating DOT1L led to type 1 T cells dominating, which could lead to new treatments for asthma and allergies.
Heart patients experiencing frequent nightmares are at a significantly higher risk of depression, anxiety, and insomnia, with women more likely to experience persistent bad dreams. The study found strong associations between nightmares, sleep disorders, and psychological problems in heart disease patients.
The Harvard Data Science Review special issue addresses the replication crisis in science, discussing reliability and robustness of research findings. The review emphasizes the need for data science skills to design sound replication studies, aiming for substantive understanding.
A third of all newborns and half of Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) babies are vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D levels vary by ethnicity, season, and deprivation indices.
Scientists at Scripps Research have developed a vaccine that can deactivate the effects of synthetic cannabinoids in rodents, sequestering drug molecules before they interact with the central nervous system. The approach worked in models simulating smoking and vaping, a common method of use for these drugs.
Researchers found that hospital clowns significantly reduced anxiety during medical procedures and improved psychological wellbeing in children with acute and chronic conditions. However, the study also highlighted some limitations, including risk of bias and differences in data collection.
A new study from the UBC Sauder School of Business finds that crowdfunding activates an interdependent mindset in consumers, making them more responsive to social good options. Researchers conducted experiments where participants were offered products with different benefits, including social good and performance benefits.
A recent study found that almost 25% of US respondents experienced economic hardships early in the COVID-19 pandemic, with Hispanic respondents being disproportionately affected. The survey also revealed significant financial struggles among young adults and those without a college education.
A team of researchers has found evidence that UV radiation from sunlight significantly affects COVID-19 transmission. By analyzing daily COVID-19 cases and environmental conditions, they discovered a correlation between UV exposure and the growth rate of new cases.
Researchers provide a 4D image of an active linkage zone between two major faults, offering insights into fault behavior and implications for seismic hazard assessment. The study highlights the importance of reevaluating 'silent' seismogenic sources in assessing earthquake risk.
The ADQI consensus statement recommends using a combination of damage and functional biomarkers to manage Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Proenkephalin penKid is proposed as a marker for assessing AKI progression and kidney recovery, with CE-IVD marked assay available for point-of-care usage.
A study of over 150 countries links Internet penetration with migration intentions and behaviours, suggesting that digital connectivity plays a key role in shaping migration decisions. The association between Internet use and intention to migrate is stronger among women and those with less education, particularly for economic migrants.
Researchers analyzed Medicaid databases to identify predictors of timely enrollment in treatment for opioid use disorder among Medicaid recipients. Prior overdose, alcohol use disorder, and back problems were associated with non-enrollment, while frequent emergency room visits or primary care provider visits were linked to timely enrol...
A study found that days with high-profile European football matches are associated with more traffic accidents in Asia. Drivers stay awake late to watch the game, leading to poor attention management and impaired decision-making.
Scientists at University of Sydney discover volcanic activity along Australia's east coast is caused by a special volatile mix of molten rock bubbling up from the younger, thinner crust. The findings, published in Science Advances, suggest there could be more volcanic activity in the future.
Native to the US, tepary beans are drought-heat tolerant and require less water than common bean crops. They can be used as forage or cover crops, adding atmospheric nitrogen to soil and improving food security.
Scientists from the Technical University of Munich and Norwegian University of Science and Technology have discovered a way to manipulate pseudospin in antiferromagnetic insulators, enabling the transport and detection of information. This discovery opens up new perspectives for information processing with antiferromagnets.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have successfully modified natural killer cells to selectively target and destroy lymphoma cells, a promising breakthrough in cancer treatment. The innovative approach uses glycans, sugar-like molecules that play crucial roles in disease, to steer the cells to malignant B-cells.
Astronomers observing a dark vortex on Neptune noticed it change direction by August 2020, doubling back to the north. A smaller dark spot, possibly a fragment of the giant vortex, was also spotted near its larger cousin in January this year.
A new special issue of Innovation in Aging explores the psychosocial factors influencing mental health status in racial and ethnic minority populations. The research sheds light on protective factors such as religion and social support, while highlighting risk factors like obesity and stress.
A new study found that higher BMI is more dangerous for men than women, while a higher waist-to-hip ratio raises colorectal cancer risk in women. Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce the risk of this deadly cancer.
A new study found that high levels of cadmium are associated with higher death rates in patients with influenza or pneumonia. Long-term exposure to cadmium may undermine lung defense systems, making people more susceptible to severe flu-like symptoms and increased mortality.
A study of 3,338 US households found that 51% of parents struggled with distance learning while experiencing increased stress and anxiety. Parents with children struggling with distance learning were more likely to report depression and mental health issues.
Chemists at Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg have developed a combined process for 3D printing that integrates liquids directly into materials. This allows for the creation of pharmaceutical products with active medical agents and monitoring systems in plastic materials.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science modified mesenchymal stem cells to carry anti-cancer drugs and deliver them to target cancers, showing efficient delivery in mouse models. The study suggests a faster and more effective method for delivering drugs to tumor cells.
A research team led by Prof. Gong Chen has developed a novel gene therapy approach to regenerate functional new neurons using local glial cells in the injured spinal cord. This method uses internal glial cells and directly converts them into neurons, offering a promising therapeutic intervention for patients with spinal cord injury.
The article highlights various Christmas-related health risks, including arsenic poisoning, injuries from falls and slips, and gastrointestinal problems. The authors argue that while some sources suggest the benefits of Christmas outweigh its harms, they themselves found no strong evidence of widespread adverse effects.
This atlas of S. pneumoniae and host gene expression provides a comprehensive understanding of the pathogen's adaptation to different body locations and the host's response. Certain bacterial genes are highly expressed across all anatomical sites, making them ideal targets for new treatments.
Researchers found that chestnut-crowned babbler birds adapt to rising temperatures by breeding earlier, but this reduces successful breeding due to cold temperatures. The study suggests these birds fall into an ecological trap, highlighting the need for further research on adaptable parenting.
Researchers at KIST developed an AI system that estimates magnetic Hamiltonian parameters from spin structure images using deep learning techniques. The system was trained with machine learning algorithms and achieved estimation errors less than 1%, reducing the material parameter estimation process from tens of hours to instant analysis.
Researchers have developed a new theranostic approach using copper radionuclides that improves survival rates and reduces tumor volume in neuroendocrine tumors. The new method produces high-quality PET images and demonstrates improved efficacy when delivered as two fractionated doses.
A new study by Michigan Medicine researchers found that pulse oximeter readings may be less accurate in Black patients than in White patients, leading to potential mismanagement of treatment. The findings suggest that device makers may need to make changes to ensure accurate readings for all patients.
Scientists create tiny Janus balls that change color under a magnetic field, potentially used in inks for anti-counterfeiting tags. The technology could help manufacturers stay one step ahead of sophisticated counterfeiters.
Researchers developed a method to reformulate gentamicin, reducing the risk of irreversible hearing loss. The new formulation, C2b, shows comparable effectiveness while minimizing toxicity.
Research analyzing England's early-adopter councils found that Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) policies resulted in habitat losses despite promises of net gains, with lower-quality habitats being compensated for higher-quality ones years later.
Researchers at Penn State have created multilayered quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulators, enabling the realization of the QAH effect over a broader range of conditions. This allows for the construction of high-speed electronic highways with minimal energy loss, which could significantly improve information transfer speed.
Physicists at HKUST and Purdue University successfully simulated a system where multi-flavor fermions behave like bosons in three dimensions, a phenomenon known as bosonization. This discovery opens up new avenues for studying strongly correlated materials.
Researchers identify large set of gene regulatory regions in the human brain that have undergone positive selection throughout evolution. These regions are believed to contribute to the development of cognitive abilities.
The Endocrine Society and Pediatric Endocrine Society call for evidence-based policies governing transgender and gender diverse health care. Reversible treatments are recommended for adolescents, and patients should determine the course of treatment with healthcare providers.
A new study finds that COVID-19 campus closures led to a significant decrease in the quantity of alcohol consumed by college students, especially those living with parents. Students who moved from living with peers to parents saw a drop in drinking days per week and total drinks consumed.