Researchers discovered resistance to tumor inhibitors arises from gradual adaptation to selective pressures, providing opportunity for effective therapies. The study advances in evolution of resistance and offers evolutionary-informed therapies for future treatments.
The AFTERMATH database explores the aftermath of the Imjin War, which lasted six years and involved over 500,000 combatants, affecting East Asia's modern history and culture.
A new study shows that intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) reduces inflammation in the brain, a prime factor in Alzheimer's disease. The treatment also triggers actions to guard against further degenerative effects.
Researchers discovered that cancer cells generate a high number of errors when copying their DNA under treatment, fuelling resistance. Combining targeted therapy with DNA repair mechanism-targeting drugs may lead to more effective therapeutic strategies.
The largest ever study of radiosurgery for brain metastases from small cell lung cancer has been published in JAMA Oncology. The analysis found that patients treated with first-line stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) had a median overall survival of 8.5 months, compared to 6.2 months for those treated with whole-brain radiation (WBRT). Ad...
Two Harvard Medical School studies provide new insights into normal and abnormal DNA recombination during sperm and egg cell formation. Researchers report variable rates of chromosome abnormalities and found evidence that a single biological process regulates the number, location, and spacing of crossovers where parents' DNA recombines.
King's College London researchers recommend adding loss of taste and smell to COVID-19 screening measures to detect almost 16% of missed cases. The analysis of 3.7 million users from the COVID Symptom Study app data found that loss of smell is a strong predictor of infection, occurring three times more frequently than fever or cough.
Researchers at Politecnico di Milano develop cutting-edge models for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection, accelerating the discovery of antiviral drugs and vaccines. Innovative tools like 3D supports, microfluidic chambers, and intravital microscopy promise to replace traditional animal research.
Professor Ute Hellmich is investigating the role of ion channels in parasites causing African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease. She aims to find similarities or differences between parasite and human ion channels, potentially leading to new pharmacological agents.
The study mapped the molecular characteristics of the aortic microenvironment where Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) form. Researchers identified conserved regulators, such as ADM and RAMP2, involved in HSC production in vivo.
A KAUST research team discovered that IQOS emits 62 compounds, 52 of which were not found in Philip Morris International tests, including diacetyl and potentially carcinogenic diethylhexyl phthalate.
A study published in Critical Care Medicine reveals that the actual mortality rate of adults with critical illness from COVID-19 is lower than previously reported, at 35.7%, compared to earlier reports of a 50 percent mortality rate. About 60 percent of patients survived to hospital discharge.
Researchers have captured a molecular mechanism behind the water splitting reaction of photosynthesis using nanoscale imaging and chemical analysis. The study could help inform the design of artificial photosynthetic systems producing clean and renewable energy from sunlight and water.
Researchers at IUPUI have found a significant correlation between fog levels and vegetation status using satellite data, revealing the threat of climate change to ecological systems. The study provides new insights into the impact of reduced fog on plant growth and suggests potential for environmental protection policies.
Researchers found that a specific histone modification, H4K16ac, is essential for embryonic development and drives gene activation in fruit fly offspring. The study suggests that mothers pass this information to their children through epigenetic modifications.
The Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics at UIC is continuing its research on the epigenetic mechanisms of alcohol abuse disorders. Researchers will use animal models and human postmortem brain tissue to examine how epigenetic changes mediate withdrawal symptoms and promote increased drinking.
Researchers at Rice University have developed an egg-based coating that protects fruits and vegetables from rotting, extending their shelf life comparable to standard coatings like wax. The coating, made from egg whites and nanoscale cellulose, is all-natural, washable, and non-toxic.
Researchers developed a symptom tracking method using famotidine for non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients, showing potential for improved outcomes. The method allows for daily tracking of six common COVID-19 symptoms and has been validated in a clinical case series.
The researchers developed a technology called Artificial Chemist, which combines AI and robotics to conduct autonomous R&D and manufacturing of commercially desirable materials. It can identify the best material for any suite of measurable properties in 15 minutes or less.
Agricultural Research Service scientists and OSU collaborators have developed a new genetic way to trace the spread of Agrobacterium, a bacterial plant pathogen causing crown-gall disease in fruit trees and other plants. The method allows tracking disease outbreaks by analyzing plasmid transmission among bacteria.
A study by Norwegian University of Science and Technology found that temperament plays a significant role in shaping children's eating habits. Children with temperamental traits are more likely to develop unhappy relationships with food and exhibit picky eating, leading to greater weight issues.
Researchers at UT Arlington are using machine-learning algorithms and computational biology to refine lung cancer treatments. The project aims to customize patient treatment based on individualized prediction models that integrate pathological images and molecular profiling data.
According to the study, mangroves will not survive rising sea levels if global carbon emissions are not reduced. Mangroves can survive with rates of sea-level rise under 5mm per year but will stop growing at this pace if rates exceed 6mm/year.
Researchers identified chloro-perfluoro-polyether-carboxylate compounds (ClPFPECAs) in soils across New Jersey, suggesting the use of these compounds as PFAS substitutes. The discovery provides insight into the environmental impact and toxicity of next-generation PFAS substitutes.
A world-first therapeutic for treating sleep apnea and weak muscle conditions will be showcased at Bio Digital. Developed by RMIT University, the patented technology uses modified tetanus toxin molecules to effectively tone muscles, offering a promising alternative to cumbersome airway pressure machines.
Research involving 160 genetically distinct strains of fruit flies found that while dietary restriction extended lifespan, its effect on healthspan was less consistent. The study suggests that healthspan, rather than just lifespan, should be the primary focus for those seeking to improve aging outcomes.
Research from Aston University identifies five key burdens faced by older people and their family carers when managing medication, including ambiguity and exclusion. A new five-stage framework is proposed to help clinicians manage medication more effectively, prioritizing regular reviews involving patients and carers.
Researchers studied neurocognitive temporal training and its impact on Soldier performance, including improved marksmanship precision and reduced variability. The interactive metronome device was used to train Soldiers and measure their timing and rhythm abilities.
The Asian tiger mosquito has become more abundant in Illinois over the past three decades, spreading diseases like chikungunya and dengue fever. The mosquito's spread is linked to global trade, particularly with used tires, which provide a conducive environment for its eggs to develop.
A comprehensive study published in the Journal of Hepatology shows women and men have similar mortality rates from cirrhosis, contradicting previous research. The study analyzed data from 20,045 patients with cirrhosis, finding no difference in liver-related cause of death between genders.
Researchers identified four subtypes of prostate cancer with distinct characteristics, affecting treatment strategies and potentially improving patient outcomes. The study's findings suggest that one subtype requires intensified treatments while another is less aggressive, paving the way for more targeted therapies.
Researchers used sub-millimeter brain implants to determine which brain areas are responsible for facial and scene recognition. The study found that the medial parietal cortex plays a crucial role in identifying faces and places, working together with traditional memory regions to facilitate recognition.
NASA's Terra satellite captured visible images of Nisarga's remnant clouds over central India. The storm weakened from hurricane force to a depression and eventually into a low-pressure area, bringing light to moderate rainfall to the region.
A research group at Kumamoto University has discovered a novel gene, C19ORF57, involved in meiotic recombination during sperm production. The gene plays a crucial role in repairing DNA damage, which is essential for maintaining male fertility.
A new study analyzing ancient DNA from 93 early Caribbean islanders reveals at least three separate colonization events in the region. The findings provide genetic evidence of distinct population histories and interactions between the earliest settlers and newcomers from South America.
Surgeons at UT Southwestern Medical Center have developed a new technique that preserves the natural shape and color of nipples in men undergoing breast reduction surgery. The procedure involves cutting below the lower part of the breast and lifting it like a flap to remove unwanted tissue, reducing the risk of discoloration.
Scientists discover that nicotine, found in tobacco, promotes the spread of non-small-cell lung cancer cells into the brain. Researchers identify parthenolide as a potential treatment option to prevent brain metastasis.
New modern school spaces need active negotiations between all stakeholders, including teachers and students, to be transformed into learning environments. This process involves cyclic processes of interaction and meaning-making, which can lead to the development of authentic and functional learning environments.
Seismological studies revealed that weak rocks formed over 500 million years ago controlled the pathways of the 2016 magnitude 6.0 Petermann earthquake. The unusually long and smooth rupture was guided by these zones of weaker rocks, which can help forecast future earthquakes.
Researchers at the University of Bern have discovered how Clostridium perfringens causes fatal intestinal bleeding in piglets. The toxin attaches to CD31, a key molecule on endothelial cells, leading to cell death and damage to blood vessels.
A study published in Journal of Clinical Oncology finds that combined effects of therapy and inherited mutations in DNA-repair genes increase the risk of developing subsequent cancers. The research uses whole genome sequencing to analyze DNA from blood samples of 4,402 pediatric cancer survivors.
A Washington State University study found that words matter in vaccination messages, with normative and injunctive messages increasing interest and vaccine intention. Negatively worded messages can decrease interest, highlighting the importance of using effective promotional messaging to improve vaccine uptake.
The recommended updates to newborn screening guidelines aim to refine the algorithm and improve reporting for critical congenital heart disease. The new guidelines simplify the passing threshold, trigger clinical assessment faster when oxygen saturation is low, and increase education about tool strengths and limitations.
Research published in Neuron found that adult-born neurons are essential for synaptic structural remodeling and memory consolidation during rapid eye movement sleep in mice. The study used optogenetics to manipulate ABN activity during REM sleep and showed that reactivation of ABNs during sleep consolidates memory.
Researchers at MUSC discovered beta-arrestin2's role in regulating nitric oxide production and found that reduced levels lead to portal hypertension. Overexpression of beta-arrestin2 enhances NO production, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.
New articles in the Hastings Center report explore the ethics of COVID-19 vaccine distribution, with a focus on social justice and historical disadvantage. The articles discuss the allocation of scarce resources, safety concerns for healthcare workers, and the impact on marginalized communities.
Clinic staff prioritize future child welfare and responsible use of public resources when assessing potential parents, limiting access to fertility treatment. The study highlights the need for a discussion on prioritizing assisted reproduction over individual rights.
A new study suggests that mangrove trees will likely disappear by 2050 if greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, threatening the planet's ability to combat climate change. Mangroves store significant amounts of carbon and protect coastlines, providing habitat for fish and other species.
Most of Southeast Asia's peatlands have been wholly or partially deforested, drained, and dried out, leading to fires and greenhouse emissions. Satellite-based study reveals widespread subsidence, posing a threat to these ecosystems as most coastal peatlands are at or just above sea level.
Researchers created a way to track the spread of Agrobacterium, a bacterium causing crown-gall disease affecting over 100 plant species, worth $16 billion annually. The method can also be applied to human and animal diseases and foodborne outbreaks.
A new study found that 21% of patients with kidney failure treated with dialysis experience regret, particularly those who choose dialysis due to external pressures. Discussing life expectancy and completing a living will can help mitigate this regret.
A new study using ancient DNA found at least three population dispersals that brought people to the Caribbean, challenging traditional views of the region's early settlement. The researchers also discovered biological and cultural diversity among the early settlers.
A recent study published in Nature shows that CO2 emissions from the African continent's rift system are destabilizing diamond deposits, which could have significant implications for the environment.
A large study evaluated de-identified data from electronic dental records of 217,887 patients from 99 solo or small dental practices across the US. The study found that it's feasible to mine EDR data to learn which dental therapies work and which don't, empowering quality improvement by individual dentists.
Researchers discovered a microRNA named miR-126-5p that protects endothelial cells from damage and reduces atherosclerosis risk. By inhibiting caspase-3 activity, miR-126-5p maintains vascular integrity and prevents the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
A new study finds that disrupted sleep increases the risk of atherosclerosis and stroke by promoting inflammatory pathways. Sleep fragmentation was associated with higher neutrophil counts and coronary artery calcium, two markers of atherosclerosis pathology.
Researchers at Dartmouth Health have found that HPV vaccines effective in the US may not provide adequate protection for women in low- and middle-income countries due to differing prevalence of HPV strains. This has significant implications for cervical cancer prevention and treatment in these regions.
Researchers at the University of Notre Dame created a new class of near-infrared fluorescent dyes by introducing a voluminous shield to protect against photobleaching. The dye, called s775z, provided stable fluorescence and was quickly cleared from the body, making it suitable for biomedical imaging applications.
Researchers identify 29 genetic variants associated with problematic alcohol use, revealing a strong link to depression, insomnia, and other psychiatric diseases. The study provides new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying alcohol dependency and offers hope for developing new medicines to combat it.
A recent study has mapped the geological structures underlying massive methane craters in the Barents Sea, shedding new light on their formation and potential risks. The research suggests that deep cracks in the bedrock, which date back 250 million years, control the size and shape of the craters and are the source of the leaking methane.