A recent study published in Risk Analysis suggests that Effective Fiber Mask Programs (EFMPs) can help communities balance economy and curb community spread. By using non-woven materials like cotton batting, the effectiveness of cloth masks can be improved by up to 90% against aerosol particles.
A recent paper proposes three screening questions to help policymakers choose the best model for their problem, reducing confusion and increasing trust. This approach aims to bring clarity to the decision-making process, especially during times of crisis like Covid-19.
The Gerontological Society of America has recognized 20 exceptional individuals through its prestigious awards program, honoring outstanding contributions to gerontology and aging research, education, and practice. The award recipients include researchers, educators, and practitioners who have made significant impacts in the field.
A study found that forensic anthropology is a relatively homogenous discipline, lacking diversity in terms of people of color, LGBTQ+ individuals, and those with disabilities. The field struggles to keep up with issues relevant to society due to its lack of diversity.
A clinical trial called REPAIR-MDS will test repurposed drugs to improve hematological responses in MDS, reducing or reversing life-limiting deficiencies in red blood cells. The trial aims to improve the outlook for people with this rare condition, which has limited treatment options.
Researchers investigated state-imposed stay-at-home orders and African American population proportion in relation to COVID-19 cases from March to May 2020. The study found a significant association between these factors and state-level COVID-19 cases.
A clinical trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows that finerenone significantly slows the progression of diabetic kidney disease by 18% compared to a placebo. The study also found a reduction in cardiovascular event rates, offering new treatment options for patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes.
A Winship Cancer Institute study shows that advanced molecular imaging with fluciclovine improves disease-free survival rates for patients with recurring prostate cancer after prostatectomy. The trial found a 12% better cancer control rate at three years, persisting at four years.
Burt's Bees presents research on bakuchiol, a natural alternative to retinol, with anti-inflammatory properties and improved skin health. The company also highlights the effectiveness of a natural lip balm containing turmeric in providing therapeutic benefits for dry or compromised lips.
Researchers have found a new way to make leukemic stem cells vulnerable by specifically dislodging them from their niches, allowing for potential treatment against chronic myeloid leukemia. The approach uses an RNA molecule complex to prevent the cancer stem cell's retention in its tumor-supporting niche.
A team of chemists from Scripps Research developed a theoretical approach that can ease the process of making highly complex, compact molecules. They used information theory and computer modeling to analyze the synthesis of bilobalide, a molecule with strong promise as a potential neurological or psychiatric drug.
The study reveals new details on how the retina works and photoreceptors convert light into nerve signals. Spontaneous calcium flares were discovered in the tips of the outer segment, indicating a functional gradient and a need for turnover.
Researchers found that elkhorn coral has a consistent immune response to diseases, indicating it actively fights off disease. The study suggests corals may have tougher epithelia and symbiotic dinoflagellates that develop differences in gene expression over time.
Researchers at NUST MISIS have developed a unique method to process bulk metallic glasses, improving their quality and properties. The new method increases tensile plasticity up to 1.5% and hardness by 25%, expanding the scope of application for these materials.
Researchers found that apigenin improved cognitive and memory deficits in mice with Down syndrome-like characteristics, reducing inflammation and increasing brain growth. This study raises the possibility of a prenatal treatment to lessen cognitive deficits in fetuses diagnosed with Down syndrome through prenatal testing.
A new study by Ashish Goyal and colleagues proposes that treating with potent antiviral therapy before peak viral load can effectively suppress viral AUC, reducing the duration of viral shedding. The model also suggests that timing is crucial in determining the effectiveness of different therapies against COVID-19.
A 14,000-year peat record reveals an ecosystem shift after seabird establishment 5,000 years ago, driven by guano-derived nutrients. This study highlights the critical role of seabirds in terrestrial ecosystems and warns of potential consequences for their survival in a warming climate.
A new database by the University of Nottingham's Rights Lab found that 90% of modern wars involve slavery and human trafficking. The most common form of enslavement was child soldiers, used in 87% of conflicts, while sexual exploitation and forced marriage were present in 32%.
A new study from University at Buffalo found that over 34% of older adults in the US are prescribed potentially inappropriate medications, leading to twice as many prescriptions and nearly twice as likely hospitalizations. These medications also cost patients an additional $458 per year.
Researchers at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and Philochem AG describe four novel formats for L19-IL2 fusion proteins, featuring different arrangements of antibody and IL2, which exhibit superior tumor-targeting properties in vivo. The new format also reduces activation of regulatory T cells.
Researchers found that measures such as grip strength and lean mass are associated with bone density in premenopausal women, particularly those who engage in substantial physical activity. The study also highlights the importance of considering lifestyle factors beyond just body size and age.
A team of scientists discovered that membrane-attached protein IM30 forms a protective carpet on the surface of cell membranes under stress conditions. The protein's complex ring structure disassembles and unfolds into a protective shield, stabilizing membranes and preventing cell death.
Researchers found that extruding grains like corn, wheat, and sorghum improves amino acid digestibility and increases energy digestibility in pigs. This technology could lead to economic benefits by justifying the cost of adding extrusion equipment to feed mills.
The U.S. Army's Redstone Arsenal is using VizSeek technology to instantly locate critical data in legacy engineering drawings, reducing search time from hours to seconds. The partnership with Imaginestics and Purdue University aims to improve data management and protect the United States' digital assets.
A new time dilation phenomenon, known as quantum time dilation, has been predicted by researchers combining quantum mechanics and Einstein's theory of relativity. This effect can impact high-precision atomic clocks, leading to corrections in their accuracy.
Researchers at Chinese Academy of Sciences HQ found a pH-dependent switch in the interaction between protein molecules dockerin and cohesin, allowing for more complex biological switches. This discovery has potential applications in biofuel production, biotechnology and synthetic biology.
Researchers found that high concentrations of sunitinib in tumors, but not blood plasma, are associated with improved patient outcomes. The study's results suggest a safer and more effective treatment strategy for patients with advanced cancers.
A POSTECH research team has developed a faster charging and longer lasting battery material for electric cars. They proved that forming an intermediate phase during charging and discharging can generate high power without losing energy density or reducing particle size, enabling the development of long-lasting Li-ion batteries.
Researchers have characterized a new population of T cells called ThGM cells that produce GM-CSF, contributing to autoimmune response in MS. The study found that ThGM cells induce inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, suggesting their role in autoimmunity.
Residents of US counties with strong social ties to China or Italy were more likely to follow early pandemic restrictions. This finding highlights the importance of information environment in boosting the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions.
Researchers developed a new method to identify fossil pollen using super-resolution microscopy and machine learning, allowing for the classification of previously unknown legume groups. The trained models achieved 90.3% accuracy in identifying samples from ancient Africa and South America.
Younger patients with resected melanoma showed a benefit from adjuvant bevacizumab treatment, while older patients did not. The study suggests that sFRP2 may promote angiogenesis in older patients with melanoma, which is superseding the role of VEGF.
A team of scientists discovered that scansoriopterygids, a group of bat-winged theropod dinosaurs, were capable of clumsy gliding due to their unique wing shape. Despite their gliding abilities, they were unable to achieve powered flight and eventually became an evolutionary dead-end.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that poor women in Dhaka slums are unwilling to give birth at maternal facilities due to fears of undocumented payments, lack of support and cultural perceptions. The study highlights the importance of providing pregnant women with information to break free from these fears.
Researchers develop reproducible protocol to assess immune effects of nucleic acid nanoparticles, a promising area of biomedical treatment. The protocol measures both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the immune response, enabling more accurate predictions and potential therapeutic uses.
A $14 million grant will support Pacific Islander cancer research through a 17-year partnership between University of Guam and University of Hawai'i Cancer Center. The collaboration aims to address significant cancer health disparities in the Pacific region.
A study led by Brazil's National Institute for Space Research found that regenerated forests in the Brazilian Amazon can offset 12% of carbon emissions due to deforestation. The study created 131 benchmark maps for Brazil and showed that secondary forests absorb a larger amount of carbon than they release.
Researchers discovered that passion and grit are strongly correlated in young people, especially boys, but this correlation fades with age. To maintain motivation, individuals must actively seek out meaningful activities and interests, and recognize the connections between passion, grit, and a positive mindset.
Scientists identified changes in the brain that drive alcohol abuse among people with PTSD, highlighting sex-specific differences that could lead to targeted treatments. Researchers found that males and females exhibit different symptoms and brain features of PTSD and alcohol use disorder.
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced US healthcare organizations to adapt rapidly, with hospitals facing shortages and evolving patient flow systems. Complexity science offers strategies for better response and anticipation, including engaging diverse perspectives in leadership teams, using new metrics that reflect complex healthcare syste...
A new study found that fipronil compounds were more toxic to stream communities than previously thought, with 16% of sampled US streams exceeding safe concentrations. The Southeast region showed the highest prevalence of fipronil, while Pacific Northwest streams detected only around 9%.
Researchers from the University of Kansas have characterized the atmospheric makeup of LTT 9779b, a highly unusual hot Neptune discovered by NASA's TESS mission. The study reveals the planet's temperature and composition, shedding light on the formation of exoplanet atmospheres.
A new Portuguese study shows that 90% of subjects have detectable antibodies 40 days to 7 months post contracting COVID-19. Age is not a confounding factor in levels of antibodies produced, but disease severity is observed.
CAM photosynthesis, used by arid plants, is introduced into C3 plants to reduce water loss. The study reveals alternative metabolic modes can provide environment-specific benefits under certain conditions, helping prepare for growing food crops in increasingly hot and dry temperate environments.
A global survey during the COVID-19 lockdown found that people with obesity improved their diets but experienced sharp declines in mental health and high incidence of weight gain. The study emphasizes the importance of monitoring mental health screenings and remote visits to prevent irreversible health effects.
A new ceramic artificial bone coating has been developed with improved adhesion strength, enabling robust coating on metal and polymer surfaces. This breakthrough reduces production cost and time for implant procedures, addressing issues such as inflammation and loose implants.
A new study examines the risk of acute kidney injury among Black individuals with sickle cell trait and disease, finding a higher risk for acute kidney injury and faster loss of kidney function. The study adds important information to sparse data on the risk of acute kidney injury in those carrying the sickle cell gene.
A new UNSW study comprehensively reviews the magnetic structure of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3), a multiferroic material that displays both magnetic and electronic ordering at room temperature. This unique property allows for low-energy switching in data storage devices, making it a promising material for future, low-energy data storage.
An international team led by the University of Exeter and National University of Singapore is investigating plastic pollution in Southeast Asia's marine ecosystems. The three-year project will assess life cycles and impacts on wildlife, identifying solutions to prevent plastic pollution.
Researchers are using fluorescence and hyperspectral imaging to map the distribution of compositional material in the Codex Cospi. The analysis aims to shed new light on the pictorial and technological practices developed by pre-Columbian artists.
Researchers found connections between newborn brain's visual word form area and language network, suggesting an innate sensitivity to visual words. The study suggests that the pre-reading VWFA is more connected functionally to the language network than other areas.
Purdue University is leading a $3.7 million research project to create more secure machine learning algorithms for autonomous systems. The goal is to develop a robust, distributed and usable software suite to prevent AI hacking and ensure the accuracy of autonomous machines on the battlefield.
Research finds that multiracial people experience depression, stress, and lower self-esteem due to frequent racial identity denial. Policy changes, such as legitimizing multiracial identity and integrating check-all-that-apply racial measures for data collection, can help combat stigmas and promote inclusivity.
Researchers have developed a machine learning model that analyzes speech and facial movements to diagnose strokes with high accuracy, potentially saving valuable time in diagnosing the condition. The tool was tested on over 80 patients and achieved 79% accuracy comparable to clinical diagnostics by emergency room doctors.
A new research study examines how people's willingness to undertake certain behaviors changes over time during the pandemic, influenced by digital information. Researchers found that individuals differ in their attitudes towards risk, with those exposed to high-quality digital information more likely to make informed decisions.
A new study found that trees' participation in fungal networks in forest soil is linked to their growth, carbon storage, and ability to withstand drought. The research suggests that these networks can provide significant growth advantages to trees with more connections.
A meta-analysis of preventive malaria treatments among school-age children found that treatment cuts malaria prevalence by 46% and subsequent cases by 50%. Preventive treatment also improves learning outcomes and reduces anaemia cases.
A new study by Johns Hopkins University researchers found that the brain detects 3D shape fragments in the early stages of object vision, a strategy also used in artificial intelligence networks. This discovery may hold future opportunities to leverage correlations between natural and artificial intelligence.
A new study by UCLA researchers found that antiretroviral therapy given over two years was unable to completely restore age-appropriate epigenetic patterns in HIV-infected adults. This suggests that even successfully treated HIV-infected individuals are at an increased risk for early development of diseases commonly associated with aging.
A modelling study in 131 countries found that combined measures reduce R more than individual measures. The study estimated a 1-3 week delay in the effect and cautions against non-compliance with measures.