Researchers pinpointed the molecular basis of deep sleep regulation in mice, identifying a brain area responsible for delta wave oscillations. Disrupting a specific gene boosted delta waves and enhanced deep sleep in animal models, paving the way for precision-targeted therapies.
Researchers found that immune cells can harbor the virus, triggering a deadly inflammation response in the lungs. Blocking the NLPR3 inflammasome pathway with antiviral treatment may provide a way to treat COVID-19 pneumonia and prevent severe cases.
The Ecological Society of America will hold its 107th Annual Meeting in Montreal from August 14-19, 2022. This year's meeting combines resources and interests of the ESA and Canadian Society for Ecology and Evolution, focusing on theme "A Change Is Gonna Come" exploring global environmental and evolutionary change.
A new study published in BMC Public Health shows that hybrid learning, which combines in-person and remote learning, significantly reduces the spread of COVID-19. The study found that alternating school days resulted in a 13% reduction in community disease spread, compared to regular attendance.
Researchers from Skoltech and others develop a simplified method using polarized light to identify icy areas on aircraft plating. This enables lab assistants to accurately measure the time it takes for ice to form, reducing the risk of accidents by up to 90%.
Researchers found that DNA changes in patients with precancerous Barrett's esophagus that presage esophageal cancer can be spotted years before cancer develops. The characteristic changes include rearrangements of large chunks of DNA and damage to the tumor-suppressing gene TP53.
A new study reveals that the Stonehenge landscape was once covered in open woodland with meadow-like clearings, inhabited by grazing animals and hunter-gatherers. The research found evidence of aurochs, red deer, elk, and wild boar, suggesting a favorable location for early inhabitants.
Researchers have identified key metabolic drivers of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, providing insights for personalized medicine. The study found that the APOEe4 genotype influences metabolic changes, overriding sex-specific differences in males and females.
A recent study from Emory University found that people who self-report non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) express more negative emotions and less positive emotions on social media compared to those who do not, and that NMPDU tweets are highly polarized
Researchers at Swansea University developed a new method to stop molecular rotation using ultra-low energy, which governs surface chemistry processes. They achieved this by manipulating the quantum state of a molecule just before collision with a surface.
A new study examines how individual electrode particles contribute to battery decay and identifies key factors, including particle properties and interactions. The research aims to develop techniques to control these properties and design more efficient, long-lasting batteries.
Scientists with NASA's MMS mission have developed a theory explaining how fast magnetic reconnection occurs, which could improve predictions of solar flares and particle storms. The new theory uses the Hall effect to explain why this type of reconnection happens at a consistent speed.
A research group has synthesized electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries using inexpensive elements, reducing industrial reliance on rare metals like cobalt and nickel. The new materials also show promise in improving the safety of LIBs.
An international group of scientists calls for regulating and phasing out the production of new plastics to reduce plastic pollution. Gradually cutting production is expected to bring numerous societal, environmental, and economic benefits, including boosting recycled plastics' value and helping tackle climate change.
Researchers found that big bodies compensate for extra drag caused by extreme morphology, debunking the idea of optimal body shape for low drag. Large necks added drag but were countered by evolving large bodies.
A new study published in Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging found that aspirin therapy did not reduce major cardiovascular events in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease. Statin use, however, was associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular events.
A new study by Oregon State University finds that bird species in eastern Canada are experiencing population declines due to habitat loss caused by forestry activities. The researchers estimate that between 33 and 104 million birds were lost due to forest degradation over 35 years.
Researchers have found a group of deep-sea bacteria that stick to plastic, allowing them to 'hitchhike' across the ocean and potentially enhancing microbial connectivity. These bacteria were discovered in the North-East Atlantic and include strains previously isolated from shipwrecks and extreme environments.
A new study found that historical redlining policies are linked to a shortage of behavioral health specialists in predominantly Black communities. The research revealed significant disparities in access to mental health professionals, with well-rated areas having nearly three times more psychologists per capita than redlined areas.
UTHealth Houston's UTMOVE fellowship program has been chosen by The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research to train a new generation of movement disorder specialists. The two-year program will provide fellows with comprehensive training in diagnosing and treating Parkinson's disease, as well as opportunities for research an...
A genetic study involving over 2,000 dogs and 200,000 owner surveys suggests that breed alone is not a reliable predictor of behavior. The research identified 11 genetic loci associated with behavior, but none were specific to breed, instead revealing that age, sex, or other factors are often better predictors.
Research simulates San Francisco's worst storms in future climate conditions, finding significant increases in precipitation for events with atmospheric rivers and cyclones. The study aims to help the region plan its infrastructure with mitigation and sustainability in mind.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that treating even mild forms of high blood pressure during pregnancy is safe and beneficial for both mother and developing baby. The study's results demonstrated a significant decrease in pregnancy complications, including severe preeclampsia and preterm births.
A new study predicts mass extinction in oceans if climate change is not curbed, threatening marine species with extinction. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions could reduce extinction risks by up to 70%, saving ocean life as we know it
A research team developed a technology to increase chirality between light and nanoparticles using metamaterials, significantly strengthening the signal. This allows for the accurate structural analysis of chiral nanoparticles with high precision.
A study published in PeerJ has discovered that the dominant tree group in Brunei's rainforest, dipterocarps, has remained unchanged for at least four million years. The research suggests that the current ecosystem is similar to what was present during the Pliocene Epoch, providing additional justification for conservation efforts.
Researchers found a dose-response relationship between football play level and CTE diagnosis, with high school players having the lowest risk. After adjusting for selection bias, college and professional football players were found to have significantly higher risks of CTE.
Researchers unlocked the structure of an enzyme that regulates plant growth in response to strigolactone hormone. The enzyme, MAX2, targets repressor proteins for destruction when it's unlocked, allowing genes to be expressed and activating various growth processes. This discovery sheds light on how plants adapt to their environment.
A multi-pillar approach to nutrition can help increase lifespan by promoting optimal carbohydrate intake from non-refined sources, low but sufficient protein from plant-based sources, and enough plant-based fats. The 'longevity diet' may also involve intermittent fasting and a 5-day cycle of a fasting or fasting-mimicking diet every 3-...
A new study published in Bioelectronic Medicine found that high-frequency spinal cord stimulation (HF-SCS) was more effective at improving perceived pain reduction than low-frequency SCS (LF-SCS). HF-SCS also showed less subsequent use of opioids to mitigate pain.
Researchers developed a new way to apply antireflective coatings to 3D printed micro-optical systems, reducing light losses and improving imaging quality. The low-temperature coating technique can be used for applications such as miniature fiber endoscopes and virtual reality devices.
Researchers developed an improved transient spectrometer combining TCSPC with a pulse generator to investigate energy transfer mechanisms and exciton evolution in organic light emitting diodes. The technique's superior sensitivity enables extraction of mobility information, providing valuable insights into device physics.
Researchers found that some magmas originate from mantle portions with early crust remnants, suggesting a 'graveyard' of old material survived for billions of years. This discovery sheds light on the formation of large continents and the evolution of Earth's atmosphere.
A study published in Current Biology found that recreational runners prefer to run at the same calorie-saving pace, regardless of distance. The researchers analyzed data from over 4,600 runners and wearable trackers, revealing that the preferred speed is indistinguishable from the energetically optimal speed measured in a lab setting.
A new study from Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center found that CAR-T therapy was effective in Black and Hispanic patients, with outcomes comparable to those of white and Asian patients. The study showed no statistical differences in clinical outcomes or side effects among racial and ethnic backgrounds.
A study across eight European countries found that conventional vaccination campaign messages are ineffective due to factors like low health literacy and conspiracy theories. The research suggests a need for targeted messaging strategies tailored to specific groups and communication channels.
Researchers studied acoustic characteristics of gas-liquid-solid linkage in CBM reservoirs, analyzing P-wave and S-wave response to fluid saturation under different coal rank conditions. The study found that the relative anisotropy increased with water saturation, suggesting stronger acoustic anisotropy in tectonic coals.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have identified a neural circuit and neuropeptide that transmit the sensation of pleasant touch from the skin to the brain. The discovery may help scientists better understand disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, which often involve impaired social development.
Researchers tracked COVID-19 infection dynamics in adults over time, using repeated sampling and different testing methodologies. The study revealed factors influencing infection course and transmission risk, including viral genome loads and shedding times.
A new case study reveals significant differences between human and AI perception in breast-cancer screenings. Researchers found that AI systems consider tiny details in mammograms that are irrelevant to radiologists, highlighting the need for understanding and correcting AI decision-making before trusting it for life-critical medical d...
Astrocytes, comprising nearly half of all brain cells, have been found to perform an electrically active function that influences neurotransmitter release and brain disease pathology. This discovery opens new avenues for neuroscience research and potential treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's and epilepsy.
A recent study found racial and ethnic disparities in health insurance coverage among Black and Hispanic adults aged 60-64, compared to white adults. The research suggests that policy reforms could help reduce these disparities.
Scientists at the University of Tsukuba have created a nanocavity in a waveguide that selectively modifies short light pulses, enabling the development of ultrafast optical pulse shaping. This breakthrough may lead to the creation of new all-optical computers that operate based on light.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science have designed a tunable physical reservoir device based on dielectric relaxation at an electrode-ionic liquid interface. The system can store and process analog signals, enabling real-time processing of signals in living environments.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have developed a new position-based quantum encryption method that uses a person's geographical location to guarantee secure communication. This method makes it difficult for hackers to impersonate users and exploit online communications.
Young people aged 18-30 fear influence and control, crime and security, changes in life pace, negative technological consequences, and social inequality. Digital fears reinforce traditional concerns and emerge from uncertainty and growing forces beyond human control.
A team at Baylor College of Medicine found that human NANOG's 'super stickiness' enables it to form large aggregates at low concentrations, which interact with chromatin to activate a pluripotent state. This process involves reshaping the genomic landscape and turning on genes involved in pluripotency.
Researchers found eight major steps in performing CLABSI surveillance, but identified inadequate IT support and lack of a standardized definition as major barriers. The study provides recommendations to improve surveillance, including providing staff with necessary resources and training, and engaging leadership and front-line staff.
Researchers have demonstrated the efficacy of a six-week interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) intervention for addressing depression often experienced by individuals with multiple sclerosis. IER strategies, such as turning to others for emotional support, significantly reduced depression levels in the treatment group.
Researchers used transparent gel substrates to study bacterial colonies growing on them. They found that biofilms can exert force on surfaces, disrupting tissue damage during infections. This new understanding has potential applications in disease treatment and prevention.
A new method assesses sustainable levels of human-caused wildlife mortality, showing that dolphin capture is unsustainable even at low reported annual rates. The study highlights concerns about the impact of climate change on environmental fluctuations and calls for greater transparency and rigorous methods in fisheries management.
A Carnegie Mellon University researcher is working to create technology that supports health and expands access to marginalized communities. Her research explores how older Black adults interact with voice assistant devices, highlighting challenges such as difficulty phrasing questions and 'code-switching' to adapt to formal dialects.
A six-week online programme, ENO Breathe, using singing techniques, has been shown to improve breathlessness and mental component of quality of life in people recovering from COVID-19. The programme resulted in a 10.48 point reduction in breathlessness and a 2.42 point improvement in mental quality of life.
A joint research team has developed a hybrid electro-biosystem that efficiently converts CO2 to glucose and fatty acids with high titer and yield. The system combines spatially separate CO2 electrolysis with yeast fermentation, achieving an ultrapure acetic acid solution for biological fermentation.
Researchers investigated two common soluble fibers, arabinoxylan and long-chain inulin, on human physiology. They found that AX reduced LDL cholesterol, while LCI decreased inflammation markers and increased beneficial gut microbes, but high doses of inulin caused negative effects.
A team of scientists has found that nerve signals are exchanged between arteries with plaques and the brain in atherosclerosis. This discovery sheds light on the chronic inflammatory disease of the entire artery, revealing an electrical circuit between the arteries and brain.
A team of researchers from Australian National University has found an alternative explanation for the mysterious Galactic Centre Excess, a gamma-ray signal long claimed as a signature of dark matter. The team proposes that the signal may actually come from rapidly-rotating neutron stars, known as millisecond pulsars.
Researchers from Bar-Ilan University discovered that brain learning occurs mainly in dendritic trees, where the trunk and branches modify their strength. This finding paves the way for a new type of AI hardware and algorithms with comparable success rates to existing parallel GPUs.
A new study by UCSF and UCLA finds that nearly half of US OB-GYN residency programs may lack abortion training if Roe v. Wade is overturned, posing significant risks for patient care. The researchers estimate that 44.8% of programs are in states where abortion will be banned, while 43.9% of residents have received training in these sta...
Structurally racist redlining policies from the 1930s were associated with decreased availability of behavioral health clinicians in affected areas. The study's findings highlight the lasting impact of discriminatory policies on healthcare access and outcomes.