New anti-tuberculosis treatment strategies and drug development have made progress, but big challenges remain, including latent TB and the COVID-19 pandemic impact. The authors see promise in prioritizing drug combinations and accelerating approval of shorter treatment regimens.
The American Geriatrics Society honored over 20 leaders in various disciplines with prestigious awards at the #AGS22 Annual Scientific Meeting. These leaders champion person-centered care for older adults through research, education, and clinical practice.
Two new studies found that surgical interns and LGBTQ physicians-in-training experience higher rates of depression than their peers. Surgical interns who identified as female or had a history of adverse childhood experiences were also at increased risk. The studies add to the growing body of knowledge about mental health concerns in me...
A novel therapy using sustained release of nitric oxide has been shown to ameliorate obesity and Type 2 diabetes in mice fed a high-fat diet. The therapy was found to decrease body weight, improve glucose tolerance, and stimulate the browning of adipose tissue.
Research highlights the need for strategic conservation plans to protect at-risk species as they shift their ranges due to climate change. Climate conditions are expected to change in over a quarter of global protected areas under a scenario of 2°C warming, posing physical and non-physical barriers to species migration.
A retrospective study examined deaths, injuries, and hospital costs after a 30-foot border wall was built in San Diego and Imperial counties. The study found that raising the US-Mexico wall resulted in increased migrant deaths, trauma center admissions, and severity of injuries.
Scientists at Scripps Research developed a new method called CATCH to image where drugs bind to their targets across different tissues and with higher precision than ever before. This technique allows for better understanding of why one drug is more potent or has a particular side effect compared to another.
Researchers have discovered that treating bone marrow stem cells with GREM1 protein can suppress hypertrophic differentiation and slow down matrix degradation in engineered cartilage tissue. This approach has potential for developing viable cartilage tissues, but may not completely eliminate degeneration.
Researchers discovered a novel mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene that causes severe Lewy body pathology, revealing distinct mechanisms of neurodegeneration. The E83Q mutation influences alpha-synuclein's structure and aggregation properties, leading to increased pathology formation and toxicity.
A new algorithm was developed to improve the transfer efficiency of near-infrared spectroscopic qualitative models. The algorithm, called CAWS, was shown to optimize the performance of discriminant models in wheat and corn discrimination.
Researchers have found that Bronze Age daggers were used to process animal carcasses, including slaughtering livestock and butchering carcasses. The discovery was made using a new method that extracted organic residues from the daggers, revealing micro-residues of collagen and associated bone, muscle, and tendon fibres.
A study in rural Malawi found high mortality rates for children admitted to hospital with low blood sugar or oxygen levels. The findings suggest that earlier identification and prompt care-seeking could help reduce the risk of death, emphasizing the need for better clinical management of severely ill children.
A recent study by Norwegian University of Science and Technology found little evidence to suggest that diversity or antipathy towards ethnic others affects attitudes towards equity or public action aimed at reducing inequalities. People who are already skeptical of immigrants do not increase in skepticism about welfare schemes, but rat...
A recent study found that a single course of antibiotics disrupts the balance of gut bacteria and fungi in infants, leading to increased competition for space. This disruption can result in long-term adverse effects on human health, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea and chronic inflammatory diseases.
A Harvard-led team created a new method for processing quantum information that allows for the dynamic change of atoms' layout during computation, expanding capabilities and enabling self-correction of errors. This approach uses entanglement to connect atoms remotely and can process exponentially large amounts of information.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a smartphone app that uses near-infrared camera technology to track pupil size changes, which can indicate cognitive conditions. The app is designed to be user-friendly for older adults and has shown comparable results to traditional pupillometry devices.
Fermilab engineers have developed a new control electronics system, known as Quantum Instrumentation Control Kit (QICK), to improve the performance of quantum computers while reducing costs. The system uses field-programmable gate array-based controls and has been shown to be faster and more cost-efficient than existing systems.
A study found that pediatric transplant patients attend on average less than one appointment per year after transferring to adult care, resulting in longer hospital stays and poorer health outcomes. Maintaining regular appointments is crucial for continued transplant success, according to the researchers.
A large-scale study found genetic links between COVID-19 severity and various medical conditions, including venous embolism, type 2 diabetes, and ischemic heart disease. The analysis also revealed shared genetic architecture with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and reduced risk of autoimmune conditions.
Researchers at UBC create ionic skins made of flexible hydrogels that use ions to carry an electrical charge. These hydrogels can generate voltages when touched, producing a piezoionic effect that allows them to detect pressure and other stimuli. The technology has potential applications in prosthetics, wearable sensors, and body impla...
The OSIRIS-APEX mission will study changes in asteroid Apophis caused by its close flyby of Earth. The spacecraft will also approach the surface and fire its thrusters to expose the asteroid's subsurface, enabling scientists to learn more about its material properties and composition.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a novel CAR T-cell construct that targets acute myeloid leukemia (AML) effectively. The combination of drug therapy and engineering approaches enhanced the treatment's ability to adhere to tumor cells, overcoming previous difficulties with antigen targeting.
Researchers at State University of New York College of Optometry propose a general theory of cortical map formation that explains the diversity of visual maps in nature. The theory suggests that map diversity emerges from variations in thalamic afferent density sampling sensory space, leading to increased cortical areas and sorting of ...
Scientists developed a method to estimate summer rainfall in the Southwest months in advance, performing well in Arizona. By analyzing lower atmosphere moisture, they created monthly forecasts to aid reservoir storage and water allocation decisions.
Scientists have developed a proof-of-concept system that uses proteins to create stable, quantum-scale logic circuits. The circuits utilize electron tunneling behavior to modulate current and operate in a stable regime, making them suitable for high-frequency applications.
A team of Texas A&M University researchers has created a monitoring system that can rapidly detect and track the movement of carbon dioxide stored underground. Using unsupervised machine learning, their system can identify CO2 plumes and locations with high accuracy, reducing the risk of unregistered escapes.
Cancer cells employ a unique defense mechanism to evade the effects of radiation treatment by exploiting an enzyme called Caspase-activated DNase (CAD). Removing CAD from cancer cells increases the effectiveness of radiotherapy. Researchers hope their discovery can lead to the development of targeted drugs to enhance cancer treatment.
Paleontologists discovered sets of fossils representing three new ichthyosaurs, including the largest ichthyosaur tooth ever found. The discovery includes a 15-meter-long ichthyosaur and the largest trunk vertebra in Europe, rivaling the 21-meter long Shastasaurus sikkanniensis.
A new machine learning model uses anonymized data to identify key risk factors for substance abuse, including family relationships and social connections. The research aims to provide policy-makers with better information to design effective programs to address substance abuse issues.
A new study finds that individual rabid dog behavior plays a key role in maintaining the persistence of canine rabies at low levels. Infected dogs act as super-spreaders, traveling long distances to introduce new lineages into neighboring communities and sparking local outbreaks.
A new study explores how firms' organizational identity orientations shape interactions with external parties. Firms with mismatched identities may experience friction, leading to conflict or relationship breakdown. Researchers propose conducting systematic identity assessments to resolve these issues.
A new Hastings Center special report calls on bioethics to take a lead in addressing racial injustice and health inequities in the US. The report highlights structural racism and anti-Black racism in healthcare settings and proposes transformations in bioethics scholarship, education, and research.
Scientists have identified a retinoic acid-dependent hemogenic endothelial progenitor from human pluripotent stem cells, enabling the development of transcriptionally similar cells in tissue culture. This breakthrough method brings researchers closer to developing blood-forming stem cells for transfusions and cancer treatments.
Scientists have successfully developed lead-free bismuth halide perovskites with broadband emission, overcoming toxicity and instability issues of traditional lead-based materials. The new material exhibits high efficiency and stability, paving the way for potential applications in artificial lighting and displays.
The composition of microorganisms living in the gut influences response to conventional cancer treatments and novel immunotherapies. Recent studies suggest that targeting the gut microbiome could diminish side effects of chemotherapy, while diet, probiotics, and antibiotic medications may also impact clinical responses.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine developed an AI training strategy to capture images of mouse brain cells in action, allowing scientists to understand how the brain functions and is affected by disease. The technology combines ultra-small microscopes with AI to enhance image resolution up to 52 frames per second.
Scientists have developed Community Distribution Models (CDMs) to predict upland vegetation communities from published data at a national scale. The approach uses publicly available and open-access NVC records and environmental data, with models based on random forests being the most accurate.
Research reveals a 23% increase in online incivility among Congresspeople from 2009-2019, with more inflammatory tweets receiving more likes and retweets. Politicians who received reinforcing feedback from likes and retweets subsequently engaged in more uncivil tweeting.
A study found nearly 40% of Venmo users shared sensitive information, such as health conditions and political leanings, due to inadequate privacy settings. Researchers identified specific groups, like AA membership, that exposed user payments through public notes.
After several dozen charging cycles, the focus shifts from individual electrode particle properties to their interactions. The study identified key attributes contributing to particle breakdown, including particle-particle distance and shape variability.
Researchers found that seven hours of sleep per night is associated with improved cognitive performance, better mental health, and reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression. Disrupted slow-wave sleep may contribute to cognitive decline and memory consolidation issues.
A study from the University of California San Diego reveals that public primary schools were created to reinforce obedience and maintain social order. The research, spanning 40 countries, shows how education reforms were implemented after instances of social unrest, shaping the current controversy over teaching critical race theory.
Fossil finds from the High Alps reveal giant ichthyosaurs that lived around 205 million years ago, measuring up to 20 meters in length. The discovery sheds new light on these prehistoric creatures and their paleobiological implications.
A large-scale study identified 287 genomic regions associated with schizophrenia, pinpointing 120 genes that contribute to the disorder. The research suggests abnormal neuron function in these cells may explain the diverse symptoms of schizophrenia.
An international study published in Conservation Science and Practice gives fast-growing nations a simple, inexpensive guide to inform planning and decision-making. The study shows how easily accessible biodiversity data can support application of the mitigation hierarchy, a tool used to balance economic development goals with environm...
New research suggests that collective grief is a critical component of the Black grief experience, influenced by America's history of racialization and racial violence. This collective grief can be felt deeply due to strong community ties and kinship bonds formed during enslavement and historical trauma.
Researchers developed novel cofactor engineering strategies to enhance NADPH, FAD(H2), and SAM supply, re-localization, and recycling in yeast. This led to the efficient synthesis of phenolic acids, providing a sustainable platform for complex natural product production.
A study by Georgetown University researchers found that regional differences in COVID-19 mortality rates persisted throughout the pandemic. The South had higher mortality rates than the rest of the US, with 48% of COVID-19 deaths occurring in this region since October 2020.
To weaken Russian oil and gas strength, the EU should rapidly introduce a tariff on Russian oil and gas imports. This can be done by incentivizing a reduction of oil and gas demand in Europe and increasing the use of alternative energy resources.
A Dartmouth study using advanced recording technology reveals that females prefer lower frequency songs with low variance, while males time their songs to follow neighbors. The research shows how chorus composition and individual songs impact mating in wood frogs.
Researchers at Dartmouth College have developed a new theoretical description of how the Hall effect determines the efficiency of magnetic reconnection. The study reveals that the Hall effect suppresses energy conversion from magnetic fields to plasma particles, enabling rapid energy release and explosive magnetic explosions in space.
A recent study published in Stem Cell Reports found that sleep deprivation negatively affects corneal stem cells, leading to increased rates of cell multiplication and reduced tear film antioxidants. This can result in serious effects on corneal health, such as thinning and ruffling of the cornea.
Researchers discovered a stronger flow in the plasma core surrounding the thermal insulation layer in deuterium plasmas, leading to better thermal insulation. This finding could improve future fusion power plants using deuterium and tritium as fuels.
A six-step framework for improving disease surveillance in remote areas of low- and middle-income countries aims to address pandemics early, saving human lives. The framework incorporates mobile-phone applications, increased clinical and diagnostic capacity, national and global integration to transform data into actionable interventions.
Researchers have designed simpler magnets for twisty stellarator facilities, which could aid the development of a stellarator power plant. The new magnets have straighter sections than before while preserving their strength and accuracy.
A study by Washington State University and Harvard University researchers found that service employees' volatile work schedules are a key predictor of their reliance on high-cost debt. The more schedule volatility people experienced, the more likely they were to take out expensive loans or use credit cards in problematic ways.
Researchers developed a portable desalination unit weighing less than 10kg that removes particles and salts to generate clean drinking water. The device uses ion concentration polarization and electrodialysis processes, requiring minimal energy and maintenance.
New study reveals a 54% to 76% decline in vertebrate specimen additions to natural history collections since 1965. The declines threaten to compromise the value of existing collections and limit future discovery, posing an unfillable gap for future generations.
A new study using a citizen science board of people affected by Long Covid identifies key research areas, including treatment, diagnosis, and disease management. The findings highlight the need for clear diagnoses and access to care that meets their multidimensional needs.
Researchers from EMBL Barcelona have successfully recreated the formation of human spinal column precursor structures in a laboratory setting. The study reveals that the segmentation clock regulates somitogenesis and that somite size is species-specific.