A $7M grant is supporting a four-year project to breed wide hybrids of muscadines and Vitis vinifera, combining desirable traits like disease resistance and crisp texture. The goal is to introduce new grape hybrids with enhanced quality leading to a more resilient US grape industry.
A Purdue team has discovered a protein called CrHAM that regulates meristem indeterminacy, preventing stem cells from differentiating into male organs. This discovery provides insights into the stem cell proliferation process and its role in maintaining gender balance in vascular plants.
Researchers at Kumamoto University have created a new form of graphene oxide without internal pores, significantly improving hydrogen ion barrier properties. The non-porous film exhibits up to 100,000 times better performance than conventional films, with potential applications in protective coatings and rust prevention.
Researchers aim to find a new treatment pathway for diabetic retinopathy by targeting the IL-6 protein. They suspect that selectively inhibiting trans-signaling while allowing cis-signaling will stop damage and restore balance in the retina.
A research team has successfully created and observed extreme conditions with a much smaller laser than before. They used a copper wire finer than a human hair to simulate the pressure and temperature of stars and planets, reaching densities eight times higher than normal copper and temperatures of 100,000 degrees Celsius.
Astronomers have observed star clusters in the Extreme Outer Galaxy using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, revealing young protostars and jets of material. The detailed images provide unprecedented insights into star formation in this distant region.
Researchers found that different synthesis methods significantly affect high entropy oxides' local structures and microstructures. Combustion synthesis produced the most homogeneous samples, while solid-state method resulted in varied local structures.
Researchers found an association between consuming foods with lower nutritional quality and a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, particularly myocardial infarction and stroke. The study used the latest version of the Nutri-Score algorithm and included over 345,000 participants from seven European countries.
Adolescents with emotional support from friends and relatives were more likely to exhibit prosocial behavior and empathy as they entered young adulthood. Family support predicted youths' helpful actions toward close others, while good friend support led to volunteer work by age 19.
A recent study found that both the rich and poor significantly overestimate or underestimate each other's carbon footprints, highlighting a profound inequality. The researchers surveyed 4,000 people from four countries and discovered that those in the top 10% tended to support climate policies, possibly due to higher education levels.
Researchers at the University of Ottawa discovered that zebrafish larvae can taste oxygen levels using the same cells used for tasting food. This breakthrough reveals a new connection between taste and breathing in fish, with implications for understanding aquatic animal responses to environmental changes.
A study analyzing long-term melanoma data reveals that men and women experience different patterns of melanoma development, with women having higher rates in early life but later in life. The research also shows that melanomas arise most commonly on the trunk and head/neck in men, while on limbs in women.
Ehrapy allows researchers to analyze large, heterogeneous datasets efficiently, uncovering new patterns and generating insights. The long-term goal of ehrapy is to provide a powerful tool for the research community and eventually standardize databases for electronic health records.
The researchers synthesized supramolecular polymers with the ability to form larger complexes in response to external stimuli, which may shed light on biomolecular self-assembly and other ‘smart’ materials. The resulting shape of the assemblies can be controlled based on the concentration of a specific additive.
A case report describes a woman who experienced bilateral blurry vision after using hair dye with aromatic amines. The incident highlights the potential risk of retinopathy associated with certain hair dyes.
The study sheds new light on the Permian-Triassic extinction, finding that Mega El Niño events drove the extinction, while climate warming and extreme weather events exacerbated its effects. The research highlights the problem of global warming not just being unbearably hot but also a case of conditions swinging wildly over decades.
A study has revealed the genetic drivers of red pigmentation in apple flesh, highlighting the critical role of anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols. By mapping quantitative trait loci across diverse apple families, researchers identified key genetic regions linked to this vibrant coloration.
A study found that state-level food waste bans have largely failed to reduce landfilled waste across the US, with Massachusetts being the lone success. Massachusetts implemented a well-designed and enforced policy, resulting in a significant reduction of 13.2% in waste disposal.
A recent study by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute researchers found that both doctors and patients are interested in discussing the environmental impact of healthcare decisions. The study suggests educating physicians about the environmental costs of treatment can be a first step towards addressing this issue. Patients were open to making...
Researchers Nikolaos Kidonakis and Marco Guzzi have received a third joint NSF grant to continue their study of the Higgs boson, top quark, and proton. The grant supports the university's focus on undergraduate research and advances the field of theoretical particle physics.
A University of Colorado Boulder study of 10,000 pre-teens found that increased wildfire smoke exposure was linked to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other internalizing symptoms. Repeated high-level exposures had a greater impact on risk than annual averages or maximum levels.
Researchers will classify autism types, identify responsible genes, and develop precision therapy for autistic patients. The team will employ neural organoids derived from diverse brain samples to accelerate autism research.
A recent study from the University of Illinois provides new insights into the sources and processes affecting nitrogen load in tile drainage water. The research team found a large legacy pool of nitrate in the soil, resulting in a time lag between when nitrogen is added to the system and when it is exported as nitrate in tile drainage.
A recent study identified three key DNA repair mechanisms that protect the genome from formaldehyde-induced damage during development, adulthood, and ageing. The researchers found that N-acetyl-L-cysteine can reverse most of the toxicity in animal models and human cells with altered DNA repair systems.
Researchers found that reverse osmosis removed 99% of contaminants, including arsenic and cyanide, meeting environmental standards. This innovative method provides a scalable solution for the mining industry to improve sustainability.
Researchers at Peking University developed a dual-IMC scheme to accelerate machine learning and improve energy efficiency. The new computing scheme stores both neural network weights and inputs in memory, reducing data movement and power consumption.
Researchers found that microbial communities in mice influence immune cell populations, with adaptive cells more prominent in lower intestine and innate cells in upper segments. A tool has been created for studying interactions between gut microbes and inflammatory diseases.
Researchers have developed big algebras, a new mathematical tool that connects abstract algebra and geometry, enabling unprecedented insights into symmetry groups. This breakthrough has the potential to strengthen the connection between quantum physics and number theory.
Researchers from Aarhus University developed a new method to predict which patients with chronic kidney failure are at risk of losing kidney function over time. The method analyzes acid-base balances in urine samples, revealing early signs of acid buildup that can be harmful to kidney function.
Researchers harvested climate-smart soybeans in a $5 million USDA project aiming to reduce GHG emissions while increasing crop production. The crop was grown using five climate-smart practices, including earlier planting and soil conservation.
A study by IRB Barcelona researchers has identified five independent factors that determine patients' response and survival after receiving checkpoint inhibitors, a type of immunotherapy. These findings provide a framework for current and future biomarkers of immunotherapy response and could lead to more accurate patient classification.
A recent study highlights alternative splicing as a key regulatory mechanism in plant secondary metabolism, influencing the synthesis of essential metabolites like terpenoids and flavonoids. The research provides new insights for bioengineering approaches to enhance plant performance and metabolite production.
Researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a novel screening methodology using machine learning to identify key design guidelines for ternary metal sulfide electrocatalysts. Focusing on crystal structure leads to better results, overcoming challenges in material properties and electrochemical performance analysis.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrates the benefits of catheter-based mitral valve repair for patients with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation. The procedure showed a significant reduction in recurrent hospitalisations and improved quality of life after 12 months.
Researchers developed hierarchical defect-rich UiO-66 membrane for improved flue gas and butane isomer separations. The membrane achieved high selectivity and permeance values, surpassing benchmark of pure MOF membranes.
Researchers develop novel method to study ribosomes producing D1 protein, identifying 140 additional proteins involved in its assembly. STIC2 and SRP54 proteins play key roles in correct incorporation of central proteins into thylakoid membrane.
Research analyzing 4.184 million genetic data from 23andMe participants found that those with sickle cell trait have a higher risk of venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism, yet relatively lower risk of blood clotting overall compared to FVL.
A new study finds that personalized conversations with a trained AI chatbot can significantly decrease conspiracy theory beliefs, even among deeply entrenched individuals. The researchers used Large Language Models to provide tailored counterarguments, reducing misinformed beliefs by an average of 20% and lasting for at least two months.
Researchers at University of Limerick have discovered new ways to probe, control, and tailor materials at the molecular scale. They've designed molecules that can process and store information efficiently, potentially leading to innovative solutions for societal challenges in health, energy, and environment.
The National Science Foundation grant enables global access to the CHARA Array, a powerful tool for milliarcsecond imaging research. This facility has already led to groundbreaking discoveries, including high-resolution images of stars and supermassive black holes.
A massive rockslide in East Greenland triggered a towering tsunami and a rare global seismic signal that resonated for nine days. The study reveals how climate change-induced events like glacial thinning can lead to significant geophysical phenomena with widespread impacts.
Researchers have identified a key regulator of stem strength in pepper plants, offering significant potential for agriculture and improving crop yield stability. The discovery provides new targets for breeding programs to develop resilient crops.
The DREAM+PLAN program will recruit up to 32 PhD researchers to develop pathways for solving local and global climate emergencies through resilience, restoration, and regeneration. The program's goal is to create a positive impact on a more sustainable, fair, inclusive planet.
Researchers at Macquarie University developed a new software package, TMATSOLVER, that accurately models complex wave scattering for metamaterial design. The tool enables rapid prototyping and validation of new metamaterial designs, accelerating research and development in this growing global market.
Proteolysis targeting chimeras targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) show promise in overcoming challenges of PPAR-targeted therapies. They offer enhanced tumor specificity due to differential E3 ligase expression, reducing off-target effects and improving therapeutic outcomes.
Scientists identified two distinct patterns of B cell abnormalities, TiBA-0, TiBA-1, and TiBA-2, which are linked to an immunosuppressive effect and poorer treatment response. These biomarkers can be detected through a simple blood draw, enabling potential stratification of patients and personalized treatment.
A study by McLean Hospital found that high doses of amphetamine increase the risk of new-onset psychosis or mania in adults. The risk is highest for those taking 30 mg or more of dextroamphetamine, with an 81% attributable risk percentage.
CAR-T cell therapy, a regenerative immunotherapy, has shown promise in treating blood cancers but struggles with T-cell exhaustion. Researchers have discovered that overproduction of the IL-4 protein causes this exhaustion and used CRISPR gene-editing technology to remove it, improving CAR-T cell therapy outcomes.
Researchers used a dual blockade of IL-10 and PD-1 to control SIV viral rebound after treatment interruption. The approach led to significant reduction in viral loads and reservoirs, showing promise for HIV treatment strategies.
Researchers have discovered the underlying mechanism behind lithium-ion battery degradation, which could lead to longer-lasting EV batteries and advanced energy storage technologies. The study's findings have the potential to address challenges faced by EV manufacturers, including limited driving range and shorter battery lifespan.
This study breaks rotational symmetry in a deformed Reuleaux-triangle resonator to achieve exceptional points, enhancing high-chirality mode and nanoparticle detection up to 4000 nm. The simplified system demonstrates superior sensor sensitivity compared to non-deformed counterparts.
Researchers at the University of Bath found a significant decrease in school attendance rates on Fridays across England, with a 20% higher absence rate compared to other weekdays. The study suggests that this trend may be linked to beating bank holiday traffic and extended family holidays.
A recent study found that children in families with high screen use struggle with language skills, while videogames have the most significant detrimental impact. The research suggests that everyday face-to-face interactions with adults are crucial for early language development, and excessive screen time can disrupt this process.
Researchers developed a fluorescent nanoparticle to visualize latent fingermarks, producing high-quality images and aiding in individual identification. The new method has the potential to be used directly at crime scenes without lab facilities.
Researchers have developed a new material that enables rapid magnesium ion storage, overcoming the issue of sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics. The dual-phase MoO2.8F0.2/MoO2.4F0.6 heterostructure shows improved ion diffusion and electron transfer, promising advancements in rechargeable magnesium batteries.
Researchers have found a new mechanism for the formation of impermeable horizontal ice layers below the surface of ice sheets, which could improve estimates of sea level rise. This process is critical for determining the contribution of ice sheet meltwater to sea level rise.
Researchers from Delft University of Technology initiated a controlled movement in an atom's nucleus, interacting with an electron and reading it out using a scanning tunneling microscope. This interaction enables the storage of quantum information inside the nucleus, protected from external disturbances.
A new study by Magnus Nordborg's group reveals unique transcriptional regulation mechanisms in plants, distinct from those found in animals and yeast. The researchers identified a critical regulatory sequence motif, GATC, that fine-tunes gene expression across different cell types.
Researchers found that certain proteins called killer toxins produced by brewer's yeast can suppress diastatic strains and prevent spoilage. Adding these killer yeasts at the point of contamination may be a remediation procedure to curb the issue.
A study of 12 participants demonstrates that a cocktail of three broadly neutralizing antibodies successfully suppressed virus in people living with HIV. Long-term control of the virus was observed in five participants, suggesting a new treatment strategy for HIV.