Researchers developed an optical module with cascaded momentum-space polarization filters, enabling high SNR imaging of individual nano-objects. The technology improves conventional label-free optical microscopy sensitivity for single nanoparticles analysis.
The first phase 1 trial of the bispecific antibody FS222 demonstrates promising antitumour activity, especially in patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma refractory to immunotherapy. Preliminary results show partial or complete objective response rates in various tumor types.
A new study by Indiana University researchers found that Black patients with breast cancer who receive docetaxel instead of paclitaxel have significantly lower rates of taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN). This toxicity can lead to debilitating numbness, tingling, and pain in the hands and feet, impacting chemotherapy doses.
A study by MIT scientists found that microscopic defects in the ice shape how massive glaciers flow, leading to revised predictions of future sea-level rise. The researchers developed a model to estimate an icy region's sensitivity to stress, directly relating it to its likelihood of flowing.
Ziwei Zhu and Jin Lee will study data-centric strategies to reduce unfair treatment of minority populations in Large Language Model-based cyberharassment detection. They aim to improve the inclusion and accessibility of LLM applications in cybersecurity, creating a safer digital environment.
A new study by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute researchers found that telehealth can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with cancer care. By analyzing data from a regional cancer center, the team calculated that nationwide, cancer care utilizing telehealth and local care would generate 33.1% less greenhouse gas emiss...
Researchers found that Werner syndrome mice experience age-dependent and sex-specific changes in their livers and immune systems, including fatty liver accumulation and altered lipid metabolism. These findings suggest a potential link between immunoglobulin variants and fatty liver progression in the disorder.
Deep learning models improve coral reef imaging analyses, paving the way for more effective conservation strategies. The study reveals that sophisticated machine learning strategies can surmount underwater imaging challenges, empowering specialists to produce high-resolution coral reef maps with greater accuracy and efficiency.
Researchers from Osaka University developed a mobile mixed reality (MR) system for intuitive flooding forecasts, allowing urban populations to view dynamic flood forecasts on their mobile devices. The system enables widespread participation in MR visualizations, improving community preparedness and response.
A new study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology highlights how pollution is a greater health threat than war, terrorism, and other diseases. The researchers emphasize the need for better monitoring of pollutants to identify at-risk communities and understand individual-level risk factors.
A significant shift in the Nile River's evolution around 4,000 years ago may have contributed to ancient Egypt's agricultural economy prosperity and cultural achievements. The research found that changes in the landscape enlarged arable land near Luxor and improved soil fertility.
Researchers optimized the release pattern of Telenomus podisi, a parasitoid wasp that neutralizes the Brown stink bug, for effective biological control in soybean crops. By analyzing the dispersal range and releasing points, they found that intervals of 30 m can assure sufficient control of stink bugs.
A new study from Edith Cowan University reveals that having a justice facility dog at Children's Court significantly reduces stress and anxiety for young victims, witnesses, and caregivers. Dr Suz Rock and Associate Professor Natalie Gately found that interacting with the dog reduced self-reported anxiety and stress levels.
Research by Griffith University found that hot weather significantly increases the risk of emergency hospitalisations for patients with pre-existing chronic diseases. Individuals over 65 with multimorbidity face the greatest risk during hot weather.
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that Black drivers in Chicago are disproportionately more likely to be stopped by police (70% vs. under 20%) than being ticketed by speed cameras (54% vs. just under 50%). Researchers call for authorities to investigate racial biases in traffic systems.
The Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology is developing affordable gas sensors for environmental monitoring and occupational safety. The €8 million AMUSENS project aims to create portable, cost-effective sensors using nanotechnology and artificial intelligence.
A new study reveals that AGO's N-terminal extension interacts with PRMT5 to catalyze arginine dimethylation, affecting RNA-guided mechanisms. This process fine-tunes gene regulation in plants, impacting development and stress responses.
Researchers developed a machine learning model that predicts ideal oxygen levels for individual patients based on characteristics such as age, sex, and heart rate. The results suggest personalized oxygenation targets could reduce mortality rates, offering new hope for critical care patients.
The article discusses the need for better integration of clinical trials and health care delivery enterprises to improve patient safety and healthcare outcomes. The study highlights the benefits of integrating clinical trials with medical practice, including more accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients.
Researchers combined robotics data from different sources using generative AI models to train better multipurpose robots. The approach, known as Policy Composition (PoCo), enables a robot to perform multiple tool-use tasks and adapt to new tasks in unfamiliar environments.
A modelling study suggests HPV-based screening could eliminate cervical cancer in British Columbia by 2034, reducing the number of cases from over 90% to zero. The screening method also increases access and uptake, particularly for underscreened populations.
George Mason University's Matt Holzer will receive $269,996 from the National Science Foundation to study the dynamics of reaction-diffusion equations on networks and other spatially extended systems. The project aims to build rigorous computational tools for understanding fronts propagating into unstable states.
Hyperuricemia has become the fourth most common chronic metabolic condition in China, affecting over 185 million individuals. A recent study by Professor YIN Huiyong's team reveals a mechanism linking fatty acid oxidation to hepatic urate synthesis and hyperuricemia.
Early admission of COVID-19-positive patients to skilled nursing facilities was associated with preventable cases and mortality among residents. Facilities with staff and PPE shortages were disproportionately affected, underscoring the importance of adhering to infection-control protocols.
A cohort study found that decentralization through telemedicine and local care can substantially reduce cancer care's environmental impact. The study also showed small reductions in human mortality as a result of these changes.
Researchers have identified shared genetic links between disturbed sleep, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions. Polygenic scores for certain conditions are associated with chronotype and insomnia, suggesting potential new therapies.
A recent study by ISGlobal and partners reveals that imported ground-level ozone (O3) contributed to over 88% of all deaths attributable to O3 across 35 European countries. Most transboundary O3 came from hemispheric sources, accounting for 56.7% of total attributable mortality.
The study found that programmed cell death is a prerequisite for sperm release in liverworts. MpMLO1 protein increases cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and induces PCD, allowing sperm to enter the antheridial pore for fertilization.
A quality improvement analysis found that many US residents live within 30 miles of a clinical trial site, highlighting disparities in access. The study highlights concerns about equity and fairness in healthcare resource distribution, particularly for marginalized communities.
A new scientific model provides a global look at the activities of clams, worms and other invertebrate animals that burrow at the bottom of the ocean. The study found that environmental factors such as seawater depth, nutrient levels and sediment composition shape bioturbation patterns and marine ecosystems worldwide.
A captivating new species of ant has been found with a metallic blue coloration, adding to the rich diversity of the Eastern Himalayas. The discovery was made during an expedition to resurvey biodiversity in Arunachal Pradesh's Siang Valley.
Intensive wire snare removal efforts reduced snaring by almost 40% in protected areas of Viet Nam, according to an 11-year study. The effectiveness of snare removal was mainly achieved within the first 6 years, but its impact alone is unlikely to protect wildlife due to ongoing snaring threats.
A novel computational model simulating shear stress distribution in the colon with varying mucus thicknesses reveals how mucus acts as a lubricant, significantly increasing faecal velocity and easing waste movement. The study highlights the protective function of mucus shielding delicate cells from mechanical forces.
A new study proposes cost-effective informal water contracts as a solution to quickly and affordably bring water to cities during droughts. Informal water leases enable rapid transfers by bypassing complex regulatory processes.
A new metal-nitrogen-carbon catalyst has been developed for use in zinc-air batteries, outperforming noble metal catalysts and improving the efficiency and practicality of ZAB technology. The team's rechargeable battery achieved a specific capacity of 846.8 mAh·g Zn and an impressive power density of 135 mW·cm−2 in liquid electrolyte.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on mental health, with increased rates of anxiety, depression, and attempted suicides. The interruption of major life milestones and prolonged social isolation have been particularly traumatizing for children and adolescents.
A new study by UCL researchers found that socially connected older people experienced a sharper drop in quality of life and life satisfaction during the pandemic. In contrast, more isolated adults experienced a greater decline in loneliness but similar levels of life satisfaction.
Researchers used facial thermal imaging and AI to accurately predict coronary artery disease in a study of 460 people. The approach was found to be more effective than conventional methods, identifying traditional risk factors such as high cholesterol and smoking.
Researchers have gained new insights into how a specific enzyme, HydF, facilitates the production of hydrogen from algae enzymes. The study reveals the importance of amino acids in anchoring and synthesizing a crucial ligand for hydrogen turnover.
A new nematode species, Pristionchus seladoniae, has been identified at the University of Tsukuba's Sugadaira Research Station. The species exhibits unique physiological and ecological traits, making it a valuable comparative model for studying genome biology, physiology, and environmental adaptation.
A retrospective study found that patients treated with semaglutide, an active ingredient in Wegovy and Ozempic, had a 50-56% decrease in the initiation and re-occurrence of alcohol-use disorder. The study, published in Nature Communications, provides preliminary evidence for the potential benefit of semaglutide in treating AUD.
A study by AWI experts reveals that permafrost soils are thawing in step with global warming, but there is no evidence of a single global tipping point. Instead, numerous local and regional tipping points will be exceeded at different times and warming levels, leading to cumulative effects.
A Penn State-led study found that female giraffes have proportionally longer necks than males, suggesting high nutritional needs drove the evolution of this trait. Giraffes adapt to reach leaves in trees by using their long necks, allowing females to access food with increasing demands as they mature.
Researchers at New York University create a new method to see inside crystals, revealing the position of every unit and creating dynamic three-dimensional models. This technique allows scientists to study crystals' chemical history and form, paving the way for better crystal growth and photonic materials.
A study found that low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) can reduce pro-inflammatory responses to sleep restriction. The treatment reduced interleukin-6 expression, COX-1/COX-2 double positive cells in monocytes, and C-reactive protein serum levels.
A case study describes a 50-year-old woman with auto-brewery syndrome, experiencing extreme daytime sleepiness, slurred speech, and elevated blood alcohol levels despite not drinking alcohol. Antifungal medication and low-carbohydrate diets are the main treatment for this rare condition.
Researchers at TMOS have developed a new infrared filter thinner than cling wrap, which can be integrated into everyday eyewear, allowing users to view both visible and infrared light spectra. This breakthrough miniaturizes night vision technology, opening up new applications in safety, surveillance, and biology.
A recent HKUST study reveals that people's scientific and religious beliefs are primarily formed through testimony from experts or their community, rather than direct experience. This understanding can help promote greater acceptance of scientific facts, especially in emerging topics like climate change.
Researchers from Doshisha University have developed a cost-effective method to produce valuable hydrocarbons from CO2. The study uses an ionic liquid containing metal hydroxides as the electrolyte, achieving high current efficiencies for ethylene and propane production.
A new study found that people exposed to higher levels of airplane noise were more likely to have a higher body mass index, an indicator for obesity that can lead to cardiometabolic diseases. The study highlights the role of environmental factors in shaping health outcomes.
Portland State University has secured a nearly $1 million grant from the National Science Foundation's Campus Cyberinfrastructure program to establish the Oregon Regional Computing Accelerator (Orca) cluster. The cluster will provide free-of-cost computing resources and cyberinfrastructure to colleges in rural, regional, and minority-s...
A new study found that 29 out of 35 unique sleep tips shared on TikTok have empirical support, with six unsupported by scientific evidence. The research suggests that the public is learning appropriate sleep hygiene tips through social media.
A University of Copenhagen study explores how people justify their reluctance to cut down on meat consumption. Participants deployed various excuses, including shaming vegans and avocados as being 'climate-unfriendly', to maintain a morally responsible self-image.
Tampa General Hospital eliminated COVID-era bloodstream infections in heart, lung patients by implementing a specially developed ECMO care bundle and unit ownership. The hospital reduced BSI rates from 36% to 0% in just seven months.
Researchers analyzed 30 Nextdoor neighborhoods and found that information sharing indicates social capital formation, while discussions on suspicious persons may prompt biased behavior by law enforcement. The study contributes to understanding the digital media ecosystem's relationship with local communities and civic life.
Research links early menopause to higher risks of breast and ovarian cancer in women. Second-degree relatives also show increased risks for colon, prostate, and testicular cancers.
Researchers analyzed excess deaths in 47 countries and found that mortality rates remained high for three consecutive years, with significant variations among countries. The study highlights the need for governments to investigate underlying causes of persistent excess mortality.
The European Association of Psychology and Law has launched a white paper with 10 key recommendations to enhance the validity, reliability, and child-friendliness of forensic interviews. The guidelines aim to standardize interviewing methods and warn against harmful practices.
A computer model simulates dynamics of barrier island systems over two centuries, showing how human efforts to protect communities affect natural processes. The study finds that successful storm prevention strategies lead to less resilient barriers in the long term.
The study reveals age-related changes in lipid metabolism, including increased BMP-type lipids in kidneys and liver, and sex-specific differences in galactosylceramide levels. These findings may lead to better understanding of chronic diseases and the development of targeted treatments.