Researchers found drastic drops in organic material preserved in core samples from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum event, suggesting soils emitted atmospheric carbon dioxide. The findings could mean global climate models overestimate terrestrial ecosystems' ability to mitigate future warming.
A new paper outlines concrete guidelines for restoring coral populations by maximizing genetic diversity, allowing them to adapt to local conditions and thrive. The guidelines, developed by a consortium of experts, provide a definitive plan for collecting, raising, and replanting corals in locations similar to their original environment.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a novel method to create skim milk powders with enhanced properties and functionality, offering a potential replacement for synthetic emulsifying agents. The new processing technology could lead to the creation of foaming agents that are recognizable on food labels.
A new mathematical model describes how highly concentrated antibody solutions separate into different phases, similar to an oil and water mixture. This separation can reduce the stability and shelf-life of some drugs that use monoclonal antibodies.
Dodder parasitic plants have stolen over 100 functional genes from their host plants, contributing to their ability to latch onto and steal nutrients. The transferred genes also produce small segments of RNA that may act as weapons to silence host defense genes.
Researchers at Penn State found that plants can induce 'leaky gut syndrome' in insects by disrupting their protective gut barriers. This can lead to septicemia or an immune response that weakens the insect, providing a new strategy for plant defenses.
A new skin test can accurately differentiate between cattle infected with tuberculosis (TB) and those that have been vaccinated against the disease. This breakthrough has significant implications for reducing TB transmission from cattle to humans through unpasteurized milk or co-habitation with infected animals.
Researchers found that measuring the distance between the tibial tubercle and trochlear groove using MRI can accurately predict knee instability. A TT-TG distance of 13 mm is identified as a guideline for identifying patients at risk, with further study planned to explore contributing factors.
Researchers found that liberal-leaning companies are more likely to engage with activists, while conservative-leaning companies are less likely. The study also found that company values matter more when they align with the local community's values.
Ibrahim Tarik Ozbolat has received $1.5 million in grants to explore ways to bioprint biological tissues like bone, lungs and other organs for use as models in various studies. The projects will investigate current questions about bioprinting of cell spheroids and develop 3D printed models of the lung and upper respiratory environment.
Researchers discovered 2D perovskite materials with metal-like conductive edges and insulating cores, improving optoelectronic performance. The findings boost the potential of these materials for innovative solar cells and nanoelectronics.
Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine have identified a potential therapeutic target for high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells by preventing a protein from doing its job. Inhibiting this protein led to a halt in cell division and may be an effective strategy for future therapies.
Researchers developed an AI tool to detect discrimination in salaries and policing, using causality-based counterfactual inference algorithms. The tool was tested on various datasets and found evidence of gender-based discrimination in salary, with women having lower odds of receiving a salary over $50,000 per year.
A study by Penn State researchers found that when consumers are reminded of the products that their recyclables can be turned into, they are more likely to recycle. The team conducted a series of studies where participants were shown advertisements featuring product transformation, and results showed a significant increase in recycling...
A new study from Penn State College of Medicine suggests that atypical eating behaviors may be a sign a child should be screened for autism. Researchers found that 70% of children with autism exhibit unusual eating habits, including limited food preferences and hypersensitivity to textures or temperatures.
Researchers found that nitrogen heterocycles, common in young Earth and solar system, formed similar genetic precursors under varied atmospheric conditions. These modified heterocycles may have served as subunits of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), a proposed precursor to RNA.
Researchers developed an AI framework that detects rotational movements in clouds from satellite images, pointing to potentially threatening storm formations. The method achieved 99% accuracy and predicted 64% of severe weather events, outperforming existing detection methods.
A study by Penn State researchers found that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels below 70mg/dL increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Participants with LDL levels between 70-99mg/dL had a similar risk, but those below 50mg/dL faced a significantly higher risk of 169%.
A team of Penn State researchers found that fine particles can disrupt the flow of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose, potentially contributing to neurological diseases. The study suggests a possible mechanism for how air pollution may lead to conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
A new study suggests that extending cover crop growth periods can help alleviate soil erosion, nutrient losses, and main-crop damage in wet springs. However, the approach may also decrease crop yields in certain environments, highlighting the need for careful consideration among farmers.
A team of researchers has identified a key link between pre-existing brain circuit function and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) vulnerability. The study found that rats with altered neural circuit connectivity were more prone to fearful responses to threats, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of PTSD.
When ozone and skin oils meet, they produce volatile gases and substances that can cause sensory irritations. People with asthma may be particularly vulnerable to ozone and its reaction products.
Researchers found that malaria parasites develop faster in mosquitoes at lower temperatures than previously thought, increasing the risk of transmission to millions of people worldwide. The study suggests that even slight climate warming could lead to greater increases in transmission risk.
Researchers at Penn State's Sensory Evaluation Center found that milk significantly reduces capsaicin burn, with whole milk and skim milk showing the largest reductions. Milk's effectiveness is attributed to its protein content, which may play a more relevant role than fat content.
Researchers at Penn State used vanilla to reduce sugar content in flavored milk, finding that participants perceived the beverage as significantly sweeter. The study aims to develop a reduced-sugar chocolate milk for the National School Lunch Program.
Researchers found that coastal, indigenous forests in South Africa store a moderate to large amount of carbon, making them important for conservation. The study also highlights the need to balance forest productivity with local community needs in order to achieve sustainable development.
A new study found that supplementing cattle feed with seaweed reduces methane emissions by 80%, but its large-scale production and potential impact on animal health are unclear. The researchers suggest cultivating seaweed in aquaculture operations to meet the demand, but more research is needed to determine its long-term effectiveness.
Researchers have identified genes that can help chickens resist Newcastle disease, a major poultry pathogen affecting small flocks in low- to middle-income countries. The study found that certain breeds of chickens have innate resistance to the disease due to evolutionary adaptations.
Researchers have developed a new, 3D tissue imaging technique that allows for the study of cell details without cutting tissues. This enables better diagnosis and treatment for diseases like cancer by distinguishing between subtypes.
A study by Penn State researchers found that the ability to detect food textures is related to individual differences in pressure sensitivity. The study involved 111 volunteer tasters who were asked to perceive different textures in chocolate, with those who could detect grittiness being more accurate. This research may have implicatio...
Researchers found that smokers' blood pressure rises more significantly after a drop, pushing it to unhealthy levels. The impaired baroreflex system may contribute to this increased response.
Despite population density fluctuations, ants adjust their social interactions to maintain sophisticated organization and division of labor, ensuring colony survival. The study reveals that ant colonies actively regulate spatial distribution and interaction behaviors to preserve critical elements of their social patterns.
Researchers at Penn State are embarking on a four-year effort to restore the endangered Chesapeake logperch to its original habitat in the Susquehanna River. The group, led by Jay Stauffer, has secured $500,000 in funding and is using innovative techniques such as underwater drones and culturing to introduce the fish back into the wild.
Researchers successfully control virus replication in mosquitoes using Wolbachia, which reduces the risk of human disease. The study shows promise for long-term efficacy of Wolbachia as a control option for mosquito-transmitted diseases.
Researchers have discovered ancient Fagaceae fruit and leaf fossils in Patagonia, Argentina, pushing the family's history south of the Malay Archipelago. The findings suggest a Gondwanan supercontinent legacy in Asian rainforests, expanding our understanding of plant evolution and biogeography.
Researchers identified a panel of genetic markers that reliably predict which animals are most vulnerable to chronic wasting disease in Northeastern deer. The study found that deer with the more susceptible genotypes are in the majority, particularly in the Mid-Atlantic region where an outbreak is occurring.
Research suggests that most people initiate opioid use through recreational means due to peer influence, rather than medical prescriptions. The study found that 56% of interviewees began using opioids recreationally first.
Researchers found that people who consistently scored well in seven health metrics had a lower chance of CVD than those who did not. Improving these metrics over time was also related to a lower risk of CVD in the future, according to the study.
Deer keds, a type of parasite fly that occasionally bites humans, have been found in more locations than previously thought, according to Penn State researchers. The team mapped their distribution across North America, documenting new state and county records, and warned that they may transmit disease-causing bacteria.
Richtsmeier investigates the role of developmental processes in morphological variation, using mouse models to study craniofacial growth patterns and the influence of genetic variants on disease phenotypes. Her current research focuses on the chondrocranium, the first skull to form during embryonic development.
Researchers successfully introduced carbon atoms into tungsten disulfide, creating an ambipolar semiconductor with bipolar effect. The technique enables the production of new components for energy-efficient devices with improved conductivity and catalytic activity.
Research suggests that climate change marches can increase collective efficacy beliefs, making people more optimistic about working together to address the issue. Participants who regularly consumed conservative media showed increased efficacy, while those who watched liberal media had more favorable impressions of marchers.
A team of researchers found that methane emissions from natural gas in Pennsylvania are significantly lower than those from coal, but not negligible. The study used a ratio of methane to ethane to determine the sources of emissions and estimated that natural gas production has about half the carbon footprint of coal mining.
A new study led by Penn State found that exercise can help teenagers sleep longer and more efficiently. Participants who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity fell asleep 18 minutes earlier and slept for 10 minutes longer than those who were sedentary. The researchers also found connections between sleep and activity the fo...
A recent study suggests that Native Americans' use of fire to manage vegetation in the Eastern United States had a more profound impact on forest composition than climate change. The researchers found that frequent and widespread human-caused fire resulted in the predominance of fire-adapted tree species, leading to changes in forest c...
Researchers found that opioid-exposed babies react more strongly to pain and have higher skin conductance, suggesting they may need early intervention. The study suggests that these babies handle pain worse than their non-exposed counterparts, highlighting the need for better care.
Researchers have identified a small organic compound called gluconate that acts as an anticonvulsant, inhibiting seizures by targeting chloride ion channels. The study found that gluconate suppresses seizure activity more effectively in neonatal animals than adults.
Researchers found that removing invasive shrubs restores native understory plant growth, with an unexpected ability and vigor to recolonize open spots. Native plants can thrive in areas previously occupied by invasive species, taking over with minimal additional effort.
Research by Penn State found that participants perceived security was highest for data centers located in Oceania, Europe, the rural U.S. or China, and generally had more positive attitudes towards these regions. Well-known brands like Google were seen as better guardians of personal data.
A study found that Wi-Fi location influences online privacy behavior, with people in public spaces like coffee shops being more cautious when using public Wi-Fi. Participants who had a stronger 'publicness heuristic' tendency disclosed less information and engaged in fewer unethical behaviors when connected to public networks.