A new study from Northwestern University shows that a free online training tool can significantly boost scientists' knowledge of team science and increase their self-confidence. The COALESCE tool has been validated by research to help scientists collaborate smoothly, reducing disputes over data access and authorship.
The Lancet series, co-authored by NYU's Benzian, advocates for a radical shift in oral healthcare, prioritizing prevention over high-tech treatments. The authors propose policy changes to reduce sugar consumption and stronger regulations on advertising, aiming to improve global oral health and reduce inequalities.
Researchers at the Wellcome Sanger Institute found that low doses of radiation increase p53 mutations, giving cancer-capable cells a competitive advantage. However, antioxidants can boost healthy cells to outcompete mutant cells.
Researchers discovered genome-wide variations in gene expression between females and males in mammalian species. The study revealed hundreds of conserved sex-biased gene expressions contributing to differences in traits.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have discovered that delivering chemotherapy drugs via a biodegradable paste during brain cancer surgery can lead to long-term survival. The treatment, using a combination of etoposide and temozolomide, was found to be effective in rat models with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors.
A study found that individuals carrying the APOE4 allele, present in 15% of the population, showed lower IQ scores during childhood and adolescence. These findings suggest that the gene may impact cognitive health as early as age 6½ and become increasingly detrimental with aging.
The James Webb Space Telescope is the result of a nationwide collaboration, with components manufactured across 29 US states. The telescope will explore cosmic history, solve mysteries in our solar system, and probe the origins of the universe.
A study published in Social Psychological and Personality Science found that individuals who overclaim their knowledge are more likely to vote against the establishment, with a 1.62 times higher likelihood for radical right voters. However, increased actual knowledge decreases this likelihood by 0.85 measurement points.
African women often want more children than they have, challenging common misconceptions about the reasons for population change on the continent. The study highlights the importance of addressing cultural factors impacting family planning decisions.
A study of 1 million people in 44 low- and middle-income countries found that more than two-thirds have high blood pressure without treatment. Only 30% receive proper diagnosis and treatment, highlighting the need for population-level prevention strategies.
A meta-analysis of public opinion polls from 1946 to 2018 found that women are now perceived as more competent than men, especially in jobs that reward social skills. This shift is attributed to changes in women's labor force participation and education, as well as occupational segregation.
A new deep neural network architecture can identify manipulated images at the pixel level, detecting blurred boundaries and unnatural transitions between regions. This technology aims to improve photo editing tool security and detect deepfakes with high precision.
A new Northwestern University study found that positive family relationships can buffer children from the negative effects of difficult neighborhood conditions on asthma management. Children living in high-danger neighborhoods with better family relationships had fewer symptoms and improved pulmonary function.
A machine-learning model was developed to predict surgical-case duration, with accuracy improved from 30% to 40-50% in some cases. The study used data from over 45,000 surgeries performed by 92 surgeons, finding that the greatest variability in estimates came from individual surgeon approaches.
A new study demonstrates that transradial surgery is safe and effective for various neuroendovascular procedures, providing faster recovery times with less procedural risk. Patients prefer this approach due to reduced complications and quicker discharge.
A recent study by the RAND Corporation found that lower-income parents are less likely to involve their children in youth sports due to financial constraints. The study surveyed over 2,800 parents and found that 52% of lower-income families participate in sports, compared to 66% of middle- and higher-income families.
A new study published in European Journal of Human Genetics reveals that the left-handed Z-DNA conformation plays a key role in regulating type I interferon responses, which are involved in fighting viruses and cancer. The study analyzes families with variants in the ADAR gene and confirms a biological function for the left-handed conf...
The Apollo 11 lunar landing has left a lasting legacy in planetary science, providing insights into the Moon's formation and geology. Recent lunar exploration missions, such as China's Chang'E-4 program, continue to advance our understanding of the Moon and its potential for future human exploration.
Tropical Storm Danas is being affected by vertical wind shear, which is pushing against it and affecting the storm's shape. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center predicts that Danas will veer to the north-northeast and run parallel to the east coast of China.
A UCF team led by Veronica Urgiles has discovered and named two new frog species found in high-elevation ecosystems of Ecuador. The team's research highlights the vast diversity of species yet to be discovered in the region, which is critical for conservation efforts.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed a new type of membrane that can separate chemicals without using heat or energy-intensive distillation processes. The hybrid membrane, infused with metal oxide networks, improves chemical separation capabilities and withstands harsh solvents for several months.
A global study of 12 million people found diabetes increases the risk of heart failure, with a significant increase for women. Women with type 1 diabetes have a 47% greater excess risk of heart failure compared to men, highlighting the need for sex-specific research.
Oral diseases pose a major global public health burden, with 3.5 billion people affected, yet access to care remains inaccessible for billions. The Lancet Series on Oral Health calls for radical reform of dental care and tightened regulation of the sugar industry.
A commentary by UCSF experts highlights the need for radical reform in addressing dental decay, citing the sugar industry's influence on dental research and professional bodies. The authors recommend policies to manage financial conflicts of interest and promote public trust.
Researchers found a link between healthy gut flora and reduced infection risk after knee and hip replacement surgeries. The study suggests that mice with unhealthy microbiomes may have compromised immune systems, paving the way for potential microbiome-based therapies to prevent infections.
The study found that Darien has the highest carbon stocks among nine mature forest sites across the Neotropics and second-highest tree species richness in the region. Disturbed forests maintained a high capacity to sequester carbon, challenging REDD+ exclusion policies.
A Northwestern University study found that many deadliest cancers, such as colon, lung, and liver cancer, receive significantly less nonprofit research funding than breast cancer, leukemia, and other well-funded types. This underfunding could impact research, drug development, and FDA approvals for these life-altering diseases.
The study evaluated eight serological tests for VL diagnosis, finding varying performances among non-HIV-infected patients. The ICTs performed best with high accuracy rates, while HIV-infected patients showed lower accuracy.
A team of researchers has successfully measured the rate of heat transfer through a single molecule, a key step towards building molecular computers. The study found that the heat transfer rate was relatively constant across different chain lengths, with rates of up to 20 picowatts per degree Celsius.
Researchers found a way to stimulate the waking of persisters, dormant bacterial cells that evade antibiotics and lead to chronic infections. Breaking links in the 'pore' formed by peptides enables these sleeping bacteria to regain energy and infect the host again.
A stealthy new drug-delivery system has been developed that disguises chemotherapeutics as fat, allowing it to penetrate and destroy tumors while minimizing side effects. The system uses a long-chain fatty acid with two binding sites to attach to drugs, which are then carried by human serum albumin throughout the body.
Research from Lancaster University shows that SMEs with a higher proportion of graduates are more likely to foster a culture of innovation. Effective support is needed for SMEs to employ graduates, including funding for graduate placements and internships, grants for graduate salaries, and management training opportunities.
The ABCE1 enzyme is essential for ribosome recycling, allowing cells to maintain protein quality and homeostasis. Its structure can adopt three conformations to boost recycling, influencing the interaction with ribosomes and ATP.
A study of 300,000 participants found that implicit bias against people with disabilities increases over time and with age, while explicit attitudes towards them become more positive. Women and those with contact to the disabled population show lower prejudice.
Research finds that general fear orientation, trust in government, and perceived exposure likelihood significantly influence vaccination willingness. The study's findings suggest that social factors play a crucial role in shaping public health responses to infectious diseases.
A new Northwestern University analysis reveals that women's perceived competence has increased relative to men's, consistent with their growing participation in the labor force and education. However, women are still seen as less ambitious and decisive than men, a disadvantage in relation to leadership.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that resveratrol supplementation preserved muscle function and mitigated muscle atrophy under Martian gravity. The study suggests that resveratrol could be a key dietary supplement to maintain musculoskeletal health on long-term Mars missions.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Anaesthesia found that people with diabetes taking gliflozin medications are at risk of ketoacidosis during surgery. Euglycaemic ketoacidosis can be deceiving, presenting with normal blood sugar levels, and may be missed easily by clinicians.
The China Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP) has accomplished significant advancements in lunar research since its launch in 2007. The program plans to send the first sample-return mission to Earth, dubbed Chang'E 5, and establish a Lunar Scientific Research Station by 2030.
Researchers have discovered a new type of neuron that acts as the brain's metronome, keeping time regularly and improving rodents' ability to detect faint sensations. This finding is significant as it supports the long-hypothesized role of gamma rhythms in synchronizing brain signals.
Researchers found a slowdown in dietary salt intake in England since the voluntary pact was introduced in 2011, leading to an estimated 9900 extra cases of heart disease/stroke and 1500 additional stomach cancer cases by 2018. If current trends continue, this may lead to 26,000 extra cases and £1 billion in healthcare costs by 2025.
The Journal of Development Economics introduces Pre-results Review, a peer review process that evaluates empirical research before results are known. This approach helps improve methodological quality and provides earlier recognition for authors. The practice is gaining traction among journals in various disciplines.
A study analyzing the NASDAQ100 index found that order deletions increase the bid-ask spread more often than trades do. The researchers also discovered that when the number of deletions exceeds the number of trades, stock prices become more varied across different stocks.
A 165-million-year-old fossil of Microdocodon gracilis, a tiny shrew-like animal, reveals the earliest example of modern hyoid bones in mammal evolution. This discovery sheds light on when early mammal ancestors first evolved sophisticated hyoid bones that enabled them to swallow food like modern-day mammals.
A new study finds that diabetes confers a greater excess risk of heart failure in women than men, with type 1 diabetes associated with a 47% higher risk. The study suggests several potential explanations for this difference, including sex differences in diabetes management and cardiovascular risk factors.
Research found that ATG7 is related to the onset of frontotemporal dementia and Lou Gehrig's disease. The study showed that activating autophagy through ATG7 can improve neurodegenerative symptoms in fruit flies, suggesting a potential treatment for neuro-degenerative diseases.
A team at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center has identified a gene called DUX4 that can prevent the immune system from recognizing and attacking cancer cells. This discovery suggests that blocking the activity of this gene might increase the success of immunotherapy treatments for a wide range of cancers.
A Harvard study suggests that resveratrol can preserve muscle mass and strength in rats exposed to simulated Mars gravity, with almost complete rescue of front and rear paw grip. The compound's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects may help conserve muscle and bone in astronauts on long missions to Mars.
Researchers studying lionfish ear-bones found that these fish are more mobile than previously believed, moving at least once throughout their life. This discovery has implications for managing the invasive species, as understanding habitat choice can inform effective removal and conservation efforts.
A global study of 12 million people found that diabetes significantly increases the risk of heart failure, with women at greater risk than men. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes both pose a stronger risk for women, highlighting the need for sex-specific research into diabetes and its impact on heart health.
A clinical trial suggests music can reduce anxiety before peripheral nerve block, with similar effects as midazolam. However, patients in the music group were less satisfied due to limited music choice, and communication was harder.
Scientists developed permanent dermal sensors that can be applied as artistic tattoos to detect changes in blood pH and metabolite levels. The sensors, based on colorimetric chemical reactions, were tested on pig skin patches, showing accurate detection of biomarkers.
Researchers at UMN Medical School found that estrogen deficiency leads to a 30-60% drop in muscle stem cells and severe difficulty reproducing new muscle after injury. Estrogen replacement therapy may help maintain muscle health, but risks cancer due to its effects on tissues.
Researchers found that maternal education significantly predicts the amount and quality of a mother's language use with her child, as well as their child's later language skills at school age. This study challenges previous assumptions about racial disparities in maternal language input.
Researchers have discovered a new thermoelectric material that works efficiently at room temperature, requiring less expensive materials like magnesium. The material's production could close the performance gap with traditional bismuth-tellurium-based alloys, expanding the use of thermoelectric modules for cooling.
A new study finds that US shareholders suffer substantial costs due to domestic political corruption, with low-profit firms in competitive environments particularly vulnerable. The research suggests that state-level monitoring mechanisms and transparency can mitigate the negative effects of corruption on firm value.
The UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Center is participating in the U.S. POINTER study, a landmark trial examining the effects of lifestyle modifications on brain health. The study aims to expand research on slowing cognitive decline and will enroll 400 adults at risk for Alzheimer's over 18 months.
Scientists have discovered how mosquito brains integrate signals from their olfactory and visual systems to identify and track potential hosts for blood meals. Smelling carbon dioxide triggers changes in the brain that initiate a behavioral response, causing mosquitoes to scan their surroundings with their visual system.
Researchers at The City College of New York used a mathematical model to study how the brain transitions from consciousness to unconscious behavior. They found that the subliminal state is the most robust part of the conscious network, indicating that it represents the core of the brain's processing system.
A new University of Illinois study found that large blowdown areas in southern Illinois forests are more heavily invaded and slower to recover than smaller areas. Invasive species cover decreased over time, but the most common invaders were already present in the system, suggesting a need for targeted management focus.