Articles tagged with Research and Development
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A University of Michigan researcher challenges the widely held notion that biofuels like ethanol are carbon neutral, arguing that plants used to make fuel do not remove additional CO2 from the atmosphere. He suggests reforestation and protecting forests as more effective ways to address climate change.
Researchers developed algorithm to improve tumor segmentation in medical images, reducing errors and devastating consequences.
Scientists at Queen Mary University of London developed a new technique to measure electrical activity in synapses, enabling three-dimensional visualisation of neuronal networks. This breakthrough opens a new window into understanding brain function at the nanometre scale.
A study involving 83 physicians and 42 healthcare personnel found that modest monetary incentives resulted in a significant 8.36% increase in patients with controlled blood pressure. However, combined team incentives had no significant effect on physician behavior.
Researchers developed a mathematical program to analyze spoken words and enhance sounds that help listeners understand speech in loud situations. The manipulated speech was found to be easier to understand than natural speech, with improvements equivalent to lowering noise by five decibels.
A specially designed 3-D video game has been shown to improve cognitive performance in healthy older adults. The game, NeuroRacer, enhances cognitive control and reverses some of the negative effects of aging on the brain.
A new study by Michigan State University found that improved caregiver training can significantly enhance the development of HIV-infected children. The program also reduces depression in caregivers, who are often the children's mothers and must work long hours to provide food.
Researchers at UTSA and SwRI are developing a low-cost method to treat flow-back water from hydraulic fracturing using biochar. The project aims to create an economical and environmentally friendly solution for treating the large volumes of fracking fluid, which contains salts, hydrocarbons, and heavy metals.
Researchers at UTSA and SwRI are developing a synthetic drug-loaded scaffold for bone grafting, which could improve treatment outcomes for patients with large bone defects. The scaffold would be scalable and include drug-microparticles that release active growth factors to promote bone cell formation.
A team of scientists has mapped the complex neural connectivity in a fly's brain essential for vision, revealing new insights into how flies detect motion. The researchers used a high-throughput approach to chart neuronal connections involved in motion detection, identifying 379 cells and 8,637 connections between them.
Researchers at Dartmouth College have developed a new software method to detect faked photos by analyzing inconsistent shadows, debunking claims that the Apollo 11 lunar landing photo is fake. The new forensic technique provides a more objective task for analysts, shifting the focus from visual plausibility to geometric constraints.
A University of Oklahoma-led research team has been awarded a $750,000 grant to develop a novel, self-sustaining energy storage system. The project aims to create nanobatteries that can be charged by photovoltaic systems, increasing capacity and reducing size for increased scientific payloads in satellites and rovers.
The Collaborative Assessment and Recommendation Engine (CARE) system uses electronic medical records to offer rapid advances in personalized health care, disease management, and wellness. CARE generates personalized disease risk profiles based on collaborative filtering method and Big Data science.
Disney Research has developed AIREAL, a technology that uses controlled puffs of compressed air to create tactile effects in virtual environments. The system allows users to feel sensations such as textured surfaces and force feedback for gestures, opening up new possibilities for gaming and interactive experiences.
The PAPILLON technology developed by Disney Research enables video projection in small characters, allowing for highly expressive and interactive interactions. The system uses printed optics to direct light and can project complex images onto the eyes of characters.
Researchers developed a system that transmits text, games or information to smartphones via an audio signal using the venue's regular sound system. The smartphones form an ad hoc microphone network, sharing data among participants.
A study in Neurosurgery finds that most professional athletes can return to competition within a year after vertebral fusion surgery on the upper (cervical) spine. Another study analyzes variations in treatment for patients with minor head injuries seen in emergency departments versus doctors' offices.
A new model has been developed to improve the clarity of vehicle-to-vehicle transmissions needed for 'intelligent transportation'. The model accounts for motion-induced signal distortion, reducing errors in data transmission. This innovation has the potential to provide real-time warnings and improve road safety
New York University chemists have created an optical evaluation instrument that can assess the viability of displays in consumer and industrial products. The device, developed with Hinds Instruments, uses a complex scheme to modulate and analyze light polarization, enhancing accuracy by encoding properties in intensity changes over time.
NREL's innovations in solar, vehicles and energy efficiency have earned three prestigious R&D 100 Awards. The Image Processing Occupancy Sensor (IPOS) detects heat loss in electric-vehicle batteries with greater accuracy, while high-efficiency silicon solar cells offer improved conversion rates.
The European Society of Cardiology emphasizes the need for a resurgence in cardiovascular research and development to address the growing burden of cardiovascular diseases. The society proposes a forum to discuss ways to rejuvenate R&D, including simplifying regulation and increasing EU funding.
The Watermark Ink device can instantly identify unknown liquids based on their surface tension, exploiting chemical and optical properties of nanostructured materials. This technology offers a cheap, fast, and portable way to perform quality control tests and detect liquid contaminants.
Researchers developed an automated technique for analyzing field hockey team patterns using player roles rather than individual identities. The method was effective in detecting tactics, strategy, and style of play, even correcting errors in video tracking data.
Researchers at NYU-Poly developed streamloading, a technique that splits videos into two layers for efficient streaming. By pre-downloading the enhancement layer, users can improve video quality while reducing data usage and delays.
Researchers developed a control concept that reduces travel time by about a minute and waiting time by up to seven seconds, increasing intersections that can be passed without stops from 60% to almost 100%. A driver information system was also created to provide speed recommendations to vehicles, resulting in improved traffic flow.
A study by University of California, San Diego researchers found that almost half of mobile apps on iOS devices access the unique identifier, location, and address book. A new app called ProtectMyPrivacy detects and controls what data other apps can access, giving users control over their privacy.
Researchers use silver-based nanoprobes that reflect distinct optical fingerprints when light is shined on infected samples, detecting specific genetic materials taken from human samples. This technique has the potential to provide fast and reliable information about patients at the point of care.
The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health has released a summary report highlighting the need for improved policies to address drinking behaviours in Ontario. The report recommends 10 policy improvements to decrease alcohol-related harms and costs in the province.
A new DNA test has been developed to identify kangaroo species from their droppings, providing valuable information for population management and conservation. The test has already identified several species outside of their known range, with implications for biodiversity management and climate change impacts.
Europe's national R&D budgets have stalled, leading to a brain drain and stunted scientific growth. Portugal's former science minister calls for sustained investment to strengthen universities and research facilities, promoting collaboration across borders.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have developed a new one-step process called 'clonetegration' that simplifies the production of designer bacteria. This faster method enables multiple rounds of genetic engineering on the same bacteria and simultaneous integration of multiple genes, accelerating therapeutic drug development.
Researchers will develop procedures to help underinsured people efficiently get care for common health problems. The study aims to identify and address barriers to accessing care, prioritizing care access strategies based on patient experiences.
Washington University in St. Louis researcher Tae Seok Moon has been awarded a Gates Fellowship to develop probiotic bacteria that target and kill parasite eggs in the human body. The goal is to create a long-term strategy to prevent disease transmission, addressing a major global health challenge.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed a process called Lifelong Robotic Object Discovery (LROD) that enables a two-armed robot to discover objects using color video, Kinect depth camera, and non-visual information. The robot can refine its understanding of objects over time, focusing on those most relevant to its goal.
A new study from Carnegie Mellon University reveals that self-affirmation can protect against the negative effects of stress on problem-solving performance. Participants who underwent a brief self-affirmation exercise showed improved problem-solving abilities under time pressure, suggesting a potential strategy for boosting performance.
A new framework combining engineering criteria with ecological and social concerns could minimize the impacts of hydrocarbon development in the Amazon. Extended Reach Drilling and other best practice components may reduce project-related deforestation by over 75%, according to a recent study.
The law impacts self-esteem, risky behavior, community safety, stress, and health among Latino youth and families. The symposium explores the effects of S.B. 1070 on their well-being.
The symposium aims to explore how parents' deployment affects children's well-being, mental health, and ability to achieve developmental tasks. Researchers will examine the role of combat-related injuries and discuss effective ways to treat post-deployment family struggles.
A symposium hosted by the Society for Research in Child Development aims to investigate how educational media fosters early learning in young children. The event will focus on topics such as interactive media characters, touchscreens, and popular shows like Sesame Street.
A team led by UNC Charlotte researcher Deborah Strumsky is forecasting optimal energy investments using novel methods from network theory, performance curve analysis, and ecological systems. The project aims to provide a detailed picture of the solar technology ecosystem, influencing technological progress and informing policy decisions.
The VOI is a compact, two-wheeler electric scooter designed to transport passengers safely and comfortably through congested city streets. Its modular design allows for various configurations, including cargo boxes and mobile kitchens.
A new tool called P3 removes small amounts of data from photos and encrypts them, allowing cloud file-sharing services to use the unencrypted portion while keeping the owner's sensitive information secure. With P3, photo owners can choose how their photos are shared, retaining rights to the complete photo and ensuring privacy.
Clint Frye, a Kansas State University doctoral student in chemical engineering, has been named the university's first Lawrence scholar. As a scholar, he will spend four years conducting collaborative research at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and performing related research on semiconductors at K-State.
Rice University researchers are developing a comprehensive model that predicts how brine, oil, and gas react to extreme temperatures and pressures. The model aims to provide companies with strategies to maintain flow and reduce risk in deepwater production.
A recent study published in the Journal of Political Economy suggests that intellectual property rights on existing technologies can discourage subsequent scientific research. Researchers found a persistent 20-30% reduction in subsequent scientific research and product development for genes held by Celera's intellectual property.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg are leading an EU-funded project to identify individuals with obesity at greatest risk of developing metabolic complications. The project aims to develop methods for early intervention and improved treatment, with potential to reduce healthcare costs and premature deaths.
Researchers at INRS Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications have developed a non-reciprocal electromagnetic isolator critical to THz source applications. The device enables the development of terahertz lasers and amplifiers, crucial for imaging, communications, and spectroscopy technologies.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute have developed a new method to compare proteins of An. albimanus and An. gambiae midguts, shedding light on the complex molecular workings of An. albimanus, a significant but understudied spreader of human malaria.
The VHA is exploring various HIT projects to improve patient care, decrease medical mistakes, and enhance health outcomes. The special issue highlights new research into innovative approaches using electronic health records, databases, and information systems.
A new open-source tool, Pipeline, helps leaders manage complex collaborative projects by redistributing leadership responsibilities and tasks. It enables leaders to trust certain individuals with more authority while maintaining accountability.
A recent study by NYU's Michele Shedlin documents food and housing insecurity, lack of adequate healthcare, and the impact of prior violence and current stigma & discrimination on mental and physical health. The research highlights the urgent need for identifying specific health risks experienced by mobile and displaced populations.
A new study found that teaching teenagers that people can change reduces aggressive reactions to peer conflicts. The research suggests that believing people's traits are fixed leads teens to respond aggressively, but an intervention that teaches the potential for change can reduce this behavior.
Researchers developed an integrated model to capture both product innovation and customer evaluation processes. The conceptual model illustrates the interaction between innovation and customer response, aiming to help companies adapt their innovation processes more efficiently.
Scientists from Harvard Medical School and business innovators used a crowdsourcing platform to analyze vast amounts of genetic data, achieving unprecedented accuracy and speed. The study demonstrates the potential for combining basic science research with commercial sector expertise to solve complex problems.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new modeling approach, MBIR, which reduces radiation exposure in medical CT scanners by 78% while improving image clarity. This technology also enables the focus of images after capture in consumer electronics.
Researchers propose novel protocol structure model to analyze and verify service-oriented systems, incorporating dependencies for synchronous, asynchronous, and broadcast communications. The model combines features of partial orders and Petri nets to tackle complex software development challenges.
New research from Concordia University found that caring relationships in friendships can foster a desire to make a positive impact on one's community and world. Adolescents who exhibit empathic care towards their friends are more likely to develop concern for others beyond their immediate circle.
A University of Pittsburgh study demonstrates that content-focused literacy coaching significantly improves student reading comprehension, particularly for low-income English-language learners. The coaching model encourages teachers to facilitate interactive text discussions, leading to better comprehension and retention.
The Arizona State University Biodesign Institute is partnering with Life Technologies to develop a gene-expression based system for rapidly assessing radiation exposure in individuals. This system aims to provide an accurate indication of the level of absorbed radiation, with potential applications in nuclear incidents.
Researchers at the University of Southampton's Optoelectronics Research Centre have created the strongest, lightest weight silica nanofibres, 15 times stronger than steel. These nanofibres can be manufactured in lengths of potentially thousands of kilometres and are expected to transform industries such as aviation and marine safety.