Articles tagged with Research and Development
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study by Pranav Jindal reveals that selling extended warranties through independent firms may lower prices, but ultimately harms consumers. Consumers view paying for repairs as a loss, driving them to buy extended warranties, and loss aversion plays a key role in this behavior.
The La Caixa Foundation is funding 46 PhD students at 18 research centres across Spain, including the Center for Genomic Regulation. The programme aims to train internationally competitive scientists.
Researchers explore applying additive manufacturing techniques to aero engine market, reducing environmental costs and fuel consumption. The project aims to demonstrate the potential of metal components laser-based additive manufacturing to contribute to the reduction of air transport environmental impact.
A new technique developed by researchers from the University of Granada has shown that the antioxidant capacity of orange juice is multiplied tenfold compared to traditional analysis methods. This finding suggests that tables on the antioxidant capacities of food products used by dieticians and health authorities must be revised.
The EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard shows that EU companies invested €162.4 billion in R&D in 2013, while US and Japanese companies invested more. The European Commission is calling for a boost in R&D investment to keep up with global competitors.
A new image processing technique developed by Disney Research Zurich enables video effects like detailed actor faces despite lighting changes. The local tone mapping method preserves rich visual detail while eliminating ghosting and camera noise.
Research finds that physically active children outperform their inactive peers in the classroom and on tests of achievement. Physical activity is associated with larger brain volumes, increased concentration, and enhanced attention spans.
A team of scientists from Arizona State University and IBM have developed a prototype DNA reader that can distinguish individual chemical bases of DNA. The device is thousands of times smaller than the width of a human hair and could make whole genome profiling an everyday practice in medicine.
The Bureau of Reclamation has awarded $9.2 million for 131 research projects focused on increasing water supplies, optimizing water availability under a changing climate, and improving water infrastructure reliability and safety.
The pharmaceutical industry has stepped up its efforts to improve access to medicine in developing countries, with many companies introducing innovative access-oriented business models and expanding generic version production. Despite progress, some companies lag behind, including Sanofi and Pfizer, which fell down the rankings signifi...
The Disney Research library contains over 50 'feel effects,' including rain, a walking cat, and a beating heart. Novice users can create and share their own haptic effects using the FeelCraft software.
Most organizations prioritize analytics maturity, but few have a plan to assess their analytics best practices. INFORMS' survey reveals that only 18% of respondents have an analytics maturity model in place, with many citing lack of resources or affordability as barriers.
Researchers developed technology allowing biobots to pick up sounds with small microphones and pinpoint their source, helping emergency personnel find survivors. The system also includes an invisible fence technology to keep biobots within a defined area.
VTT's innovative magnetometer is significantly cheaper than traditional technology and less sensitive to external magnetic fields. This makes it suitable for applications such as magnetoencephalography in neuroimaging, mining industry, industrial quality control and security.
A team of researchers from the University of Pittsburgh found that individuals who generate creative solutions tend to build on existing ideas rather than using unrelated concepts. The study, published in Design Studies, collected data from over 350 participants and showed that ideas closely related to a problem were more likely to be ...
Temple University School of Medicine has received a $100,000 Grand Challenges Explorations grant to develop a non-invasive maternal blood test that predicts abnormal fetal neurodevelopment. The project aims to identify biomarkers in maternal blood that can predict healthy fetal brain development and guide interventions.
The new transmission enables robot arms to be light and strong while maintaining precise control. It also allows for 'give' in the limbs, facilitating soft interactions between people and robots.
George Dickson receives 'Scientist of the Year' award from the Muscular Dystrophy Campaign for his pioneering work on novel therapies for rare diseases like Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. The award recognizes his dedication to researching potential treatments and cures for people with DMD and related neuromuscular conditions.
A new EU-funded consortium aims to develop new economic models for antibiotic R&D and define responsible use of dwindling antibiotics. The DRIVE-AB project involves 11 European countries and partners across industries to address the global threat of antibiotic resistance.
Researchers have discovered two compounds, OD36 and OD38, that specifically target and block RIPK2, an enzyme that activates inflammation. These compounds show promise in decreasing inflammation and may pave the way for more effective drugs.
A study by Shiang-Kwei Wang found that middle school science teachers and their students use technology in different ways inside and outside the classroom. While students have rich outside-of-school tech experience, they lack tech savvy in class, relying on teachers to solve daily problems.
The Chinese power grid is facing significant challenges in modernization, including improving asset utilization rates and integrating distributed generation. According to a recent study, the annual average utilization rates of major 10kV equipment were below 40% in 40 Chinese cities, far below comparable levels in developed countries.
A new supplement published in Health Policy and Planning presents the latest research on people-centred health systems, emphasizing the importance of patient and community involvement. The studies reveal four key themes: ensuring people have a voice, putting people first in healthcare design, recognizing social relationships within hea...
Researchers found a 37% reduction in energy consumption when using the Persuasive Technology and Energy Delegate (IPTED) method, which combined real-time feedback with peer social influence. The study showed that this approach can significantly reduce energy use among students if implemented in residential halls.
Research identifies two genes, FOXC1 and PITX2, that cause cerebral small vessel disease, a condition increasing stroke risk up to tenfold. Mutations lead to impaired vascular stability, ultimately resulting in long-term stroke risk.
Researchers from the University of Southampton's Optoelectronics Research Centre have grown a new material, molybdenum di-sulphide (MoS2), with properties similar to graphene. This development expands the potential applications of MoS2 for nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices.
The WEGA fusion device is being transferred to the University of Illinois for further research and development. The device will be re-assembled as HIDRA and used for plasma physics and fusion research.
University of Minnesota researchers have created a nanoscale device capable of capturing and transporting fundamental particles of light called photons. The discovery could lead to the development of faster and more energy-efficient optical devices.
Washington State University researchers have developed a unique method to use microbes in pond sediment to power waste cleanup in rural areas. The microbe-powered system reduces pollution and greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing biological reactions from microbes to generate electricity.
Researchers at the University of Warwick found that a protein called Nrf2 continually moves in and out of human cells' nuclei to sense cell health. The team successfully increased Nrf2's movement by introducing health-beneficial substances, such as broccoli-derived sulforaphane and quercetin from onions, into food supplements.
The SUNY Research Foundation has been awarded a five-year, $8.2 million grant to support the Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center (DEARC) at Binghamton University. The center will focus on understanding the effects of prenatal and adolescent alcohol exposure on brain development.
A NYU study found that young adult non-medical prescription opioid users are at high risk for overdose due to their lack of knowledge about overdose awareness, avoidance, and response strategies. The study highlights the need for education about naloxone and overdose prevention services for this population.
Despite significant increases in R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP, China has seen a decline in funding for applied research, with basic research funding plummeting from 5.2% to 4.7%. The authors argue that further reforms are needed to bring transparency and coordination to the country's R&D spending.
Yaniv Konchitchki, a Berkeley-Haas professor, has received the prestigious 2014 Best Paper Award from the American Accounting Association for his research on earnings transparency and cost of capital. His study found that more transparent corporate accounting leads to lower cost of capital and higher firm value.
A new study by Baylor University researchers identifies the challenges facing women in the IT profession as being rooted in occupational culture and informal interoffice social networks. The findings suggest that mentoring, social interaction, and career-stage awareness are key areas for improvement to increase diversity.
Researchers developed a modification to the core Android operating system that allows developers and users to plug in new security enhancements. The ASM framework enables custom security control modules to protect phones and enhance consumer privacy.
North Carolina State University researchers have developed a technique to attach electrodes to moths during pupation, allowing for the monitoring of electromyographic signals. This enables better understanding of moth flight coordination and the development of remotely-controlled 'biobots' for search and rescue operations.
Researchers found that information elaboration discussions are crucial for cross-functional teams to succeed, particularly in dynamic environments. Teams with members who can exchange relevant information and ideas, seek clarification, and integrate feedback tend to perform better.
Researchers at GW University developed a new model to study the impact of faculty development programs on institutional behaviors. The study found that graduates exhibited enhanced confidence and new behaviors, influencing their colleagues' practices and work units.
A new INFORMS study suggests that US consumers are better off choosing electric vehicles with a range below 100 miles due to the high cost of batteries. The study found that the majority of consumers will benefit from short-range BEVs once battery costs drop below $100 per kilowatt hour.
Researchers at TUM developed TCP Stealth, a free software that inhibits identification of systems through Hacienda and similar cyberattack software. The software uses secret tokens to protect against remote control of servers worldwide.
A recent study from the University of Bergen found that 8.3 percent of the Norwegian workforce is addicted to work, with no differences between men and women. The study used a nationally representative sample of 2,160 participants and identified seven criteria to measure work addiction.
The University of Alaska Fairbanks has received a $18.8 million award from the National Institutes of Health to fund statewide biomedical research and student training in Alaska. The five-year award will support research networks across three university campuses, focusing on health, disease, and environmental factors.
A major international study found that only half of women eligible for antenatal corticosteroids received them, highlighting gaps in treatment practices. The use of these life-saving medications is highly variable across countries, with some nations receiving up to 91% of eligible women.
The new interactive tool allows designers to create intricate shapes by sketching the structure's shape and seam placement, generating patterns for flat panels that assume the desired shape when inflated. The system is validated with seven varied shapes, including an elephant and a flower, and demonstrates efficient design capabilities.
Researchers have developed a new tool to synchronize multiple video clips based on the visual content of the videos. This makes it easier to align clips without relying on timecodes or external markers. The method can be used for various applications, including movie production and visual effects.
Researchers developed tools for designing mechanisms that achieve desired cyclical motion in planar mechanical characters and linkage-based sculptures. The systems enable casual users to create animated characters using 3D printing techniques, making it possible to bring creations to life.
NREL's breakthroughs in silicon solar cells and ultra-efficient supercomputers have been recognized by the R&D Magazine with two prestigious awards. The innovative growth system produces thin solar cells at half the cost and 100 times the speed of conventional epitaxial reactors.
A research team has developed a cost-effective technology to synthesize heteroatom (S or N)-doped graphenes, which can be applied as high performance electrodes for secondary batteries and fuel cells. These materials enhance battery performance and drive down the cost of producing fuel cells.
Maria Martinez-Cosio and Mirle Bussell's book explores private foundations' challenges in community revitalization, finding that building trusting relationships with residents is key to success. The team's research argues that foundations must invest time and effort to build partnerships with underserved populations.
Researchers developed a technique for estimating visibility using motion as a cue, enabling large-scale 3D motion reconstruction without markers. The Panoptic Studio used 480 video cameras to create detailed reconstructions of volleyball games and confetti cascades.
The Melbourne Shuffle algorithm hides data access patterns on cloud servers to provide higher privacy guarantees than encryption alone. By shuffling the location of data, users can prevent eavesdroppers from deducing sensitive information about their computations or programs.
A new technology called OptoTrk successfully induces cell differentiation in neurons using blue light, upregulating downstream cell signalling. This breakthrough allows for remote control of specific receptors without the need for other substances or time periods, enabling more precise investigations of neural networks.
Cancer Research UK's Programme Foundation Award will provide up to £1.5 million over six years to support mid-career scientists. The award aims to bridge the gap for researchers who need investment to compete with senior scientists.
The partnership aims to advance fuel cell materials and manufacturing technologies, reducing costs while improving performance and durability. The collaboration will focus on critical next-generation challenges, including platinum loading reduction and hydrogen system development.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a new stereoscopic measurement system using computer vision to accurately measure infant length. The technique allows infants to be measured while lying naturally on their backs, eliminating the need for physical restriction and reducing discomfort.
According to a study by the Conference of Social Councils, only 16% of Ph.D.s in Spain work in the private sector, significantly lower than the OECD average of 32%. The report highlights the need for greater cooperation between public and private institutions to increase research investment and competitiveness.
SwRI-led CuSPP mission aims to measure Solar Particles and shock waves causing severe electromagnetic storms. The mission will provide critical measurements on hazardous charged particle populations accelerated at the Sun and interplanetary space.
Researchers have developed a system to track footballs in three-dimensional space using low-frequency magnetic fields. This technology can improve accuracy for referees and viewers, especially in situations where the ball is blocked from view or visibility is low.
Two Regenstrief Institute investigators, Michael LaMantia and Noll L. Campbell, have received NIH career development awards to study delirium recognition in emergency departments and the adverse cognitive effects of medications in older adults. Their projects aim to improve care and management of older adults with delirium.