Local physician Jeffrey H. Samet recommends retiring the term opioid substitution therapy due to its unintended adverse consequences, suggesting the use of opioid agonist treatment instead. This change in terminology could have broad and substantial impact on patient care for opioid use disorders.
Researchers discovered californium's unique properties, linking it to surrounding elements and enabling bonding and separation with other materials. The element's significance lies in its potential applications for nuclear fuel storage and recycling.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that smokers who use e-cigarettes are 49% less likely to decrease cigarette use and 59% less likely to quit compared to non-users. The researchers discovered that daily smokers and women were more likely to have tried e-cigarettes.
A study by University of Bonn researchers finds that effective forest law enforcement has been key to slowing down the destruction of the Brazilian rainforest. The team's analysis shows that regions with frequent controls and high penalties have seen significant declines in deforestation.
Astronomers have detected an extremely powerful magnetic field close to a supermassive black hole in a distant galaxy, revolutionizing our understanding of these cosmic phenomena. The discovery was made using the Alma telescope and reveals new insights into the structure and formation of black holes.
Scientists have found a record of the ancient Moon-forming giant impact observable in stony meteorites. The team used data analysis and numerical modeling work to infer the Moon formed about 4.47 billion years ago.
A study published in Psychological Science found that people produce chemical compounds, or chemosignals, when they experience happiness that are detectable by others who smell their sweat. This implies that someone who is happy will infuse others with happiness through the scent of their sweat, similar to how smiling can be infectious.
Research suggests that selective breeding of maize led to the evolution of root systems more efficient in acquiring nutrients like nitrogen. The study found that newer commercial varieties performed better in every agronomic environment, with characteristics known to increase nitrogen uptake.
A team of US computer scientists are working on an analyzer that can hunt down algorithmic attacks, a new form of vulnerability that is nearly impossible to find with today's technology. The software will perform a mathematical simulation of the software to predict what will happen in the event of an attack.
A novel online tool, PolyMarker, has been developed to automate primer design for multiple genome species, significantly reducing turnaround time. This innovation enables the identification of genetic markers associated with desirable traits in crops, such as high yield or disease resistance.
Researchers found that Victorian-era babies' nitrogen isotope levels could predict their likelihood of survival and potential health issues later in life. High levels were linked to malnutrition and stress, while low levels indicated breastfeeding and a healthy start.
A new review emphasizes the psychological impact of infertility and the need for healthcare professionals to consider emotional well-being. Counselling plays a critical role in providing comprehensive care, integrating medical and mental health aspects.
A genome-wide association study identified genetic signals linked to increased AD risk, including those associated with CRP and plasma lipid levels. The findings suggest that targeting these risk factors may help delay AD progression and could have significant societal implications.
A new study predicts that up to 8.5 million hectares of additional rubber plantations will be required to meet demand by 2024, threatening significant areas of Asian forest and globally threatened unique species. The expansion is comparable to oil palm and has catastrophic biodiversity impacts.
Analysis of two Women's Health Initiative clinical trials reveals a pattern of changing influences on breast cancer incidence over time, with estrogen plus progestin use linked to increased risk and estrogen alone showing reduced risk. The study suggests that ongoing influences after stopping hormone therapy require recalibration of br...
The FluEgg model examines complex dependencies between flow, temperature, and egg development to predict the likelihood of Asian carp reproduction in the St. Joseph River. The model highlights the importance of a fine balance between egg development and variable flow conditions.
Researchers analyzed octopus arm coordination in crawling and found that the animals have a unique motor control strategy to match their
A study found that faculty members in academic disciplines are more responsive to requests from white male prospective students, while ignoring those of women and minorities. The bias was particularly pronounced in higher-paid disciplines and private universities.
Researchers found that men donate four times more to an attractive female fundraiser in response to another male's contribution, suggesting a subconscious competitive helping behavior. To improve fundraising success, seed campaigns with larger donations early and make fundraisers smile.
A NASA-funded SwRI-led research team independently estimated the Moon's age as 4.47 billion years based on shock signatures found in stony meteorites originating from the Main Asteroid Belt. This study provides insights into the last stages of planet formation in the inner solar system.
A recent study found that obesity substantially increases prostate cancer risk in African-American men, while having a moderate effect on non-Hispanic white men. The research suggests that obesity may play an important role in the 'African-American race effect' on prostate cancer disparities.
A new study published in PNAS reveals that the type of fish and its body size can predict nutrient recycling rates in ecosystems. The researchers analyzed data from over 900 fish and invertebrates in a diverse marine community, finding that body mass and taxonomic identity are key factors in predicting these rates.
A team led by Otger Campàs and Jérome Gros aims to measure the map of forces generated by embryonic cells as they build limbs. They plan to use a new technique to study mechanical forces in living tissues and explore their role in cell differentiation.
AMPK activity levels vary across cellular compartments, affecting different sets of proteins. In unstressed cells, the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane had low activity, while the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum showed high activity.
Research finds 9/11 emergency medical services workers, especially those on the scene, are at high risk for physical and mental ailments. The study tracked 2281 NYC Fire Department workers over 12 years, finding nearly all health conditions analyzed were more prevalent among those who arrived earliest.
Researchers discovered that myeloid cells switch roles and become anti-therapy agents when angiogenesis inhibitors are used, leading to tumor growth and relapse. Targeting the PI3K signaling pathway may offer a way to prevent this phenomenon.
Researchers at MIT Media Lab create a miniature wireless track pad using capacitive sensing, allowing users to control devices with their thumbs. The technology has potential applications in various scenarios, including cooking, texting, and subtle communication.
Researchers at University of Cincinnati uncover evidence that bison, deer and other present-day species survived Ice Age climate change, while mammoths and mastodons perished. Fossil analysis reveals radical shifts in environmental temperature and vegetation, forcing animals to adapt or die.
A new study found that wind instrument players have a reduced risk of developing obstructive sleep apnoea. The researchers believe this is due to increased muscle tone in the upper airways, common among wind instrument players.
Dr. Michael Gordon's research focuses on understanding neural circuits that drive taste responses and feeding preferences in fruit flies. His studies have shown that food preference can be viewed as a changing metric based on initial taste, experience, and physiological condition.
Researchers found that those taking phenytoin had 30% less damage to the nerve fiber layer and a 34% higher macula volume compared to placebo recipients. Vision recovery was successful, but long-term visual outcomes showed no significant differences between groups.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have identified a new form of human embryonic stem cell that can help advance research on pre-eclampsia and other reproductive problems. These 'BMP-primed' stem cells are more robust and easily manipulated than traditional stem cells, making them ideal for future studies.
A new study finds that teachers' conversational art of instruction can measurably influence literacy skills. Measured, positive feedback is shown to improve student performance, while talking around standardized test questions and failing to cultivate class-wide discussions have a negative effect.
A new assay using RT-MLPA has been developed to differentiate between germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The assay is accurate, simple, flexible, short turnaround time, low cost, and efficient.
Researchers at Saint Louis University discovered that targeting the A3 adenosine receptor can 'turn off' pain signals in the spinal cord, providing potential relief for patients with chronic pain. The study found that activating this receptor promotes GABA signaling, which is often lost or diminished in chronic pain conditions.
A global study on canine rabies found that 160 people die daily from the disease, with annual economic losses totaling $8.6 billion. Collaboration between human and animal health sectors is essential to eliminate rabies, with vaccination of dogs being the most cost-effective way to prevent the disease.
A new analysis found no link between induction of labor at full term and rates of C section in uncomplicated pregnancies. Induction was associated with slightly less blood loss and lower risk of meconium staining, but birth weight was lower in induced babies by 136 grams.
Researchers found that a concentrated maple syrup extract makes disease-causing bacteria more susceptible to antibiotics, leading to lower antibiotic usage. The extract also reduces biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria, making it a potentially simple and effective approach for reducing antibiotic resistance.
Research in mice exposes pregnant females to phthalate DEHP, leading to male-to-female sex ratio imbalance and altered pup reproductive outcomes. Adult ovaries are also disrupted, with decreased follicle growth and steroid hormone production.
Researchers have developed a new method for muscle regeneration using autologous minced tissue grafts, which can restore functional muscle at the site of injury. The approach uses a collagen hydrogel-based expansion method and demonstrates similar functional recovery as donor muscle grafts with reduced tissue requirements.
Scientists have identified two sensory neuron subtypes controlling different respiratory functions in mice, revealing a complex vagus nerve system that may lead to targeted therapies. The study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying breathing control and has implications for treating various conditions.
Astronomers have detected strong magnetic fields near the event horizon of a supermassive black hole using ALMA. The findings provide new insights into the mysterious mechanisms driving jet formation, with magnetic fields playing a crucial role in matter escape.
Researchers discover that neurons in auditory cortex encode temporal patterns using excitatory and inhibitory inputs. This breakthrough could lead to the development of state-of-the-art neural prosthetic devices capable of mimicking brain coding patterns.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University and the Weizmann Institute of Science have discovered a precise mechanism used by bacteria to defend themselves against invading viruses. The CRISPR-Cas system is adaptive, allowing bacteria to 'memorize' viral DNA and launch targeted attacks in future encounters.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered how early cells make decisions to turn on one genetic program and exclude others. By understanding this process, scientists can create new cells at will for transplantation and tissue repair in diseases such as liver or heart disease.
Researchers at the South Pole have discovered 35 high-energy neutrinos originating from distant regions of space, offering insights into the universe's most abundant particles. The IceCube detector has analyzed 5,200 interactions between atmospheric neutrinos and ice atoms, confirming quantum fluctuations that change neutrino types.
Researchers found that people fall into a specific pattern to avoid collisions while performing complementary tasks like dancing. The study revealed nearly all pairs fell into the same stable coordination pattern.
Rice University researchers discovered that double-walled carbon nanotubes can be tuned for specific electronic properties by controlling their configuration and distance between walls. The study found that combining metallic with semiconducting nanotubes could lead to the creation of nanotube transistors.
Recent breakthroughs in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research focus on precision medicine approaches, leveraging genetic technologies to identify risk genes and develop personalized therapies. Neuroimaging studies are also helping understand brain structure and function across the lifespan.
Dr. Coffey will receive the award for his pioneering work on prostate cancer, nuclear matrix, and mentoring of young researchers. He is also recognized for his outstanding leadership skills and advocacy for sustained funding for cancer research.
James P. Allison is being acknowledged for his discovery that blocking CTLA-4 signaling improves antitumor immune responses, leading to the development of ipilimumab, a cancer immunotherapeutic. His research has transformed the lives of patients with melanoma and offers hope for other forms of cancer.
A study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that people with osteoporosis are at a 1.76-fold higher risk of developing sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Researchers analyzed medical records of over 10,600 individuals with osteoporosis and found that they were more likely to be diag...
Berkeley Lab researchers develop a system that captures carbon dioxide and converts it into biodegradable plastics, pharmaceutical drugs, and liquid fuels using solar energy. The technology mimics natural photosynthesis, offering a win/win situation for the environment by producing chemicals in a renewable way.
Researchers from Uppsala University analyzed the whole genome of 40 bird species to estimate their abundance at various points in time. The study found that many species exhibit cyclical swings in numbers, often coinciding with ice ages, but human influence may push declines beyond a tipping point to extinction.
A team of researchers has created an organic electronic micropump that enables localised inhibition of epileptic seizure in brain tissue in vitro. The device attracts small positively charged molecules, projecting them toward the target area using electrical current.
UCI MIND has been redesignated as an Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, allowing it to continue its impactful clinical and basic research programs. The center involves over 100 investigators studying the cellular, molecular, and clinical risk factors of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a cell type, EPF cells, that plays a major role in scarring and skin cancer growth. They found that inhibiting the activity of these cells may alleviate scarring and slow down melanoma growth, providing potential new treatment options.
Researchers at Neuromed Institute discovered a molecular mechanism causing ADHD symptoms, linked to PI3K gamma enzyme dysregulation and hyperactivation of Locus Ceruleus brain area. This finding offers a new understanding of the disease, paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches.
A new study published in Nicotine & Tobacco Research found that breastfeeding for at least 90 days can significantly reduce smoking in the months following childbirth. The study, which followed 168 pregnant smokers, discovered that breastfeeding was the only significant predictor of change in smoking behaviors among these women.
New research from the University of Missouri shows a significant increase in end-of-life discussions among individuals. The study found that advance care planning is not strongly linked to socioeconomic status or education level, but rather household income plays a role in designating a healthcare proxy.
The Greenland Ice Sheet is projected to darken further as a result of increased temperature and melting. Darker ice appears when snow grains become smaller, increasing exposure of bare ice and impurities concentration.
Research reveals that professional golfers experience intense feelings of loneliness and isolation due to long periods away from home and family. Many struggle financially, with top-level golfers barely scraping by while those in lower-level tours often lose money.
A new study released in Science found that subsidies are essential for increasing the use of hygienic latrines in developing countries. The community-motivation model alone was ineffective, but combining it with subsidies expanded latrine coverage substantially, particularly among poor households.
Research at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute suggests a link between zinc deficiency and activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in many diseases. Zinc inhibits the autoprocessing reaction, leading to enhanced production of the Hedgehog ligand and uncontrolled cell growth.
A study by Dartmouth-Hitchcock's Camilo Fadul and colleagues found no correlation between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and patient survival in glioblastoma. The researchers used a novel epigenetic quantitative analysis methodology to quantify lymphocyte populations, including Tregs, in tumor tissue and peripheral blood.
A breakthrough study discovered a novel neurodegenerative disease in Lagotto Romagnolo dogs caused by an ATG4D gene mutation. The research sheds light on the function of neurons and may aid in developing treatments for neurodegenerative disorders, as similar mutations have been linked to human diseases.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine found that a low dose of electric current enhances alpha wave oscillations, boosting creativity by 7.4% in healthy adults. The study's results now pave the way for testing this protocol to alleviate symptoms in people with depression.
A Case Western Reserve University researcher found that housework improves physical and emotional well-being in older adults with chronic illnesses. The study, which analyzed data from 337 participants aged 65-94, revealed that maintaining a clean home has a positive impact on mental health, contrary to expectations.
A new tool has been developed to improve dementia care for south Asian people, addressing cultural barriers to diagnosis. The adapted BEMI-C tool takes into account sensitivities that can act as barriers to effective diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers created a detailed brain map of language impairments in aphasia following stroke, identifying four dimensions or factors: semantic recognition, speech recognition, speech production, and semantic errors. The study found that specific brain areas, such as the left Sylvian fissure and white matter bottleneck, are associated w...
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that consuming sugar-sweetened beverages can suppress cortisol and stress responses in the brain. This may contribute to habit-forming sugar overconsumption during times of psychological or emotional stress.
Research reveals that men donate more when seeing other men have donated large amounts, especially if the fundraiser is attractive. Men compete to show generosity, while women don't react in a similar way.
A scientific review synthesizes decades of discoveries on the evolution of whales, dolphins, seals, and other species that adapted to aquatic environments. The study highlights how life in the ocean has responded to environmental change over time, informing an understanding of human impacts on marine species today.
Astronomers observed 22 massive elliptical galaxies using the VLT and Hubble Space Telescope, revealing that star formation in their centers stopped around three billion years ago. The newly discovered inside-out nature of this shutdown may be due to a galaxy's central supermassive black hole or lack of fresh gas.
Researchers have successfully used autologous fat cell transplants to improve symptoms of osteoarthritis in patients. The treatment showed significant improvements in pain management and joint mobility, with most patients experiencing a minimum of 50% score improvement after 12 months.
Studies published in Journal of Cancer Survivorship found that walking three hours a week can improve hormone functioning and vitality in prostate cancer survivors. Regular physical activity also reduces symptoms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in colorectal cancer survivors, improving quality of life.
The new guidelines provide information on preventing and treating venous thromboembolism (VTE) during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum. Women with risk factors should undergo thorough assessment and be offered prophylactic treatment to reduce the risk of VTE.
A new study published in the American Journal of Pathology shows that inflammation plays a causal role in Lyme disease's neurologic changes, and anti-inflammatory drugs like dexamethasone may prevent these effects. Researchers found that dexamethasone prevented many neuropathologic effects, while meloxicam was generally ineffective.
A survey of Massachusetts police chiefs found that 90% favor keeping discretion in issuing concealed carry permits, citing the need for local knowledge to ensure public safety. Police chiefs reported rare discretionary denials, often due to violent behavior or mental health issues.
A systems-wide genetic study of blood pressure regulation in the Framingham Heart Study identified four groups of genes linked to blood pressure that warranted further study. The researchers validated one key driver gene, Sh2b3, which plays a causal role in dysregulation of blood pressure in humans.
James Allison, a renowned immunologist, has been recognized for his pioneering discovery that blocking CTLA-4 improves antitumor immune responses. His work led to the development of ipilimumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor that transformed melanoma treatment.
A new study found that cancer-related post-traumatic stress is associated with very limited cognitive impairment before treatment among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. The study, published in the JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, analyzed data from 166 breast cancer patients and 60 matched controls.
Researchers analyzed over 12,000 proteins in triple-negative breast cancer cells, identifying subtypes and correlations with drug response. The findings suggest that treatments targeting cell spread may be effective against resistant tumors.
Researchers have discovered a protein called LEM that promotes the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells, which kill cancer cells and cells infected with viruses. The discovery could lead to new gene therapies designed to boost infection-fighting cells and provide a robust treatment for patients.
University of Oklahoma engineers Hjalti Sigmarsson and Jessica Ruyle have received prestigious Young Investigator awards for their cutting-edge research on novel radar materials and advanced antenna designs.
Researchers created a mouse model showing telomere dysfunction triggers liver damage, including cirrhosis and hepatitis. Telomeres protect genetic data, but their dysfunction leads to disease.
Researchers found that Papua New Guineans have microbiomes with greater bacterial diversity and lower inter-individual variation compared to US residents. The study proposes a model based on ecological theory that explains the decline of microbiota diversity in urban-industrialized societies.
The article provides a thorough review of the Asian longhorned beetle's biology, life stages, distribution, ecology, and methods of detecting and controlling it. The new online resource will be particularly helpful for forest managers and policymakers, offering a summary of the scientific backing for cooperative eradication programs.
Researchers at IDIBELL have created new mouse models for studying neurofibromatosis type 1, a rare genetic disorder. The models, which reproduce human tumor characteristics, enable the prediction of tumor development and treatment decisions.
Researchers found that severing corneal nerves during the first transplantation procedure releases high levels of Substance P, disabling T regulatory cells needed for acceptance of subsequent corneal transplants. This results in rejection of more than 90% of second corneal transplants in mice.
Researchers have identified significant vascular changes in Huntington's disease brains, finding mutant huntingtin in blood vessels and increased permeability of the blood-brain-barrier. These findings suggest that healthy cells can be infected by the mutant protein, offering new potential therapeutic targets.
A new research agenda outlines top priorities to address gaps in acute geriatric care, including advanced care planning and delirium management. The framework aims to improve care for complex older patients with limited formal training.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have identified two genes that can drive cell division in tree stems, allowing them to grow larger and more quickly. This discovery could lead to generating trees that produce more biomass for biofuels, chemicals, and materials while minimizing CO2 release.
The study found a significant association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, particularly among men and younger individuals. Researchers suggest that alternative therapies, such as cholesterol-lowering medication, may prevent both oral infections and cardiovascular inflammation.
A commentary published in American Journal of Public Health argues that health awareness days have not been evaluated adequately. The authors recommend researching the effectiveness of awareness days and developing resource guides to improve public health initiatives.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found that grid cells in mice accumulate errors while navigating familiar spaces, which are corrected by border cells upon encountering a wall. This discovery supports the theory that these cells use sensory and motion data to construct internal maps.
A recent genome-wide association study has found evidence that some people may be more genetically susceptible to noise-induced hearing loss. The study identified the Nox3 gene as a key gene for susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss, which is a common workplace hazard.
A new virtual reality testing environment provides a more realistic assessment of balance control in glaucoma patients. The study found that patients with glaucoma made balance adjustments 30-40% more pronounced than healthy subjects, highlighting the need for preventative measures.
A national survey found that over half of US older adults are now taking a daily dose of aspirin for primary prevention, with 81% having no prior heart attack or stroke. The reasons cited for its use include heart attack and stroke prevention, as well as cancer prevention.
Researchers at UT Arlington are developing an underground freight transportation system using electric and pneumatic methods. The project aims to reduce traffic, fuel consumption, and accidents in urban areas.
Researchers found that highly fit smokers had a 48% lower risk of metabolic syndrome compared to those in low fitness categories. Additionally, moderate fitness levels were associated with reduced risks for elevated fasting blood glucose and abnormal HDL cholesterol levels.
Researchers have developed a new type of battery electrode made from molybdenum disulfide sheets wrapped in silicon carbonitride, showing improved stability and high lithium capacity. The discovery could lead to more efficient rechargeable batteries for smartphones and other devices.
A new scoring method called MATH measures genetic variability among cancer cells within tumors from patients with head and neck cancer. High MATH scores correspond to tumors with many differences among gene mutations present in different cancer cells, correlating with lower patient survival.
Research found a significant association between obesity and increased prostate cancer risk in African American men, with the risk growing nearly four times as body-mass index (BMI) increased. Obesity was also linked to a higher risk of aggressive disease and prostate cancer death among this population.
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) and Pancreatic Cancer Action Network have awarded $27 million in research grants to support innovative projects targeting pancreatic cancer. The grants aim to improve treatment and diagnosis of the deadly disease, which has the lowest survival rate among major cancers.
Researchers explored the efficacy of biosimilar monoclonal antibody CT-P13 in treating rheumatic diseases, including its similarities and differences with the reference drug infliximab. The study found that CT-P13 is almost identical to infliximab and has similar immunogenicity, but more real-world data are needed on switchability.
A recent study by the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that socioeconomic factors such as income level, education, and hospital type significantly impact lung cancer patients' odds of death within 30 days after surgery. Patients from lower-income households were 25% more likely to die than those in higher-income areas.
The GPM satellite captured the effects of wind shear on Tropical Cyclone Joalane as it weakened in the Southern Indian Ocean. Cloud tops were tilted southward, indicating strong vertical shear affecting the storm.
Researchers have created a novel plasma diagnostics method by studying the pressure change at the inner walls of energy-saving light bulbs. The technique measures the force exerted on a solid surface by plasma, providing insights into processes that conventional probes can't detect.
Researchers studied mobile-based food journals and found challenges such as unreliable food entry, negative nudges, and social features. They suggest designing goal-specific systems, reputation systems, and streamlining databases with context for food entry.
A study of 647,457 patients on chronic dialysis found that genetically related family members have a 70% increased risk of cardiac arrest compared to unrelated patients. This increased risk is attributed to inherited genetic factors, which may contribute to the high mortality rate among dialysis patients.
Research finds that children experiencing multiple traumatic events are more likely to develop hypertension and coronary artery disease later in life. Studies show a significant increase in systolic pressure among those with ACEs, even after adjusting for other risk factors.
A new Northwestern Medicine study found that walking at an easy pace for three hours a week improves prostate cancer survivors' fatigue, depression, and body weight issues. Non-vigorous walking also showed benefits in these areas, with brisk walking potentially leading to similar improvements.
A University of Minnesota study found that reducing biodiversity in grasslands leads to reduced ecosystem stability, while other factors have no impact. The research emphasizes the importance of preserving biodiversity to maintain ecosystem health and services.