Articles tagged with Polio Vaccinations
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The EU/EEA has detected circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) in sewage samples, prompting increased vigilance. To prevent a return of the disease, countries must maintain high vaccination rates and close vaccination gaps, as well as strengthen environmental surveillance.
A high number of poliovirus detections in European countries has highlighted the importance of maintaining high vaccination coverage. The virus can be imported into Europe as long as it circulates globally, posing a risk to unvaccinated populations.
Scientists at UCSF and NIBSC have developed two new oral polio vaccines with genetically engineered weakened poliovirus to reduce reversion to dangerous forms. These vaccines aim to boost the World Health Organization's efforts to eradicate polio, which has persisted despite successful international vaccination campaigns.
Global virus network experts propose changes to global polio eradication strategy, emphasizing the need for high vaccination coverage and adaptable policies. They suggest using both inactivated and live, weakened vaccines, as well as reconvening a scientific advisory group to respond to new data and public health emergencies.
A polio outbreak risk has been heightened in western Ukraine due to the reintroduction of wild-type poliovirus and low immunization rates. The situation has worsened with the COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing war, and healthcare reforms, leading to a public health emergency declaration.
A genetic study of the live polio vaccine has identified critical mutations that allow the virus to evolve into a more virulent form, posing a risk to eradication efforts. However, the study also found that these changes are not easily transmitted from person to person.
Researchers found concern for others was a key driver of polio vaccination in Israel during a polio resurgence. Understanding the campaign's prosocial nature influenced vaccination behavior, highlighting the role of communication in improving outcomes.
Researchers have developed a new oral polio vaccine that uses genetic wizardry to prevent the virus from evolving into a deadly form. The vaccine showed promise in a Phase 1 clinical trial, with participants generating plentiful antibodies against the poliovirus and no paralysis in mice.
Researchers at USC have developed a freeze-dried polio vaccine that retains potency through rehydration, providing full protection against the polio virus. The breakthrough could bring an end to this longtime foe in countries where vaccination rates are spotty.
Researchers developed a single-administration vaccine strategy using an injectable microsphere bearing inactivated polio vaccine, which releases stable antigen over time. The study found that injecting the microspheres into rats elicited a strong immune response against all three IPV antigens.
A recent study in northwest Pakistan found that high insecurity increases access issues for vaccinators and vaccination rates, leading to a higher incidence of polio. Regional conflict has been cited as a barrier to polio eradication, but this study provides strong evidence supporting the claim.
A groundbreaking study released in The Lancet shows that a single injectable dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) along with bivalent oral polio vaccine can protect up to 90% of children from polio. The research demonstrates faster and stronger protection compared to using the oral vaccine alone.
Researchers have created promising new cold-adapted vaccine strains that can grow at lower temperatures, making them ideal for mass production and distribution. These strains are highly unlikely to cause poliomyelitis in humans and can induce a potent immune response when inactivated.
Researchers developed new vaccine strains that are effective, stable, and non-infectious, addressing concerns about live virus escape and disease transmission. The new strains are suitable for mass production in the post-eradication world, reducing risk to humans and environment.
A patient with an immune deficiency has shed large amounts of live polio virus in their stool for over 20 years, posing a risk to global polio eradication. The highly mutated strain has acquired mutations that reverse the attenuating features of the vaccine strain, making it more difficult to neutralize.
A new review published in Future Microbiology highlights the current state of polio vaccines and future research efforts to ensure eradication. The virus can be prevented through vaccination, with live attenuated oral polio vaccine and inactivated polio vaccine being used to achieve eradication.
Researchers are developing dissolvable microneedle patches that can provide protection against the poliovirus in humans. The patches, about an inch square, contain 100 vaccine-filled needles and can be applied by minimally-trained personnel, facilitating their use in remote areas.
A coalition of Muslim leaders and healthcare professionals in northern Nigeria has successfully increased vaccine uptake among local communities, reducing polio cases. The initiative, led by imams, has reversed the region's intense opposition to polio vaccination, promoting a sustainable approach to eradication.
Experts warn that a Syria polio outbreak could spread to Europe if vaccination coverage is low, particularly in Bosnia, Ukraine, and Austria. High hygiene standards and large refugee populations are key to preventing transmission.
Researchers report progress in Pakistan's efforts to eradicate polio, with the potential elimination of one type of wild poliovirus. However, vaccine refusals remain a major challenge, driven by false rumors and misinformation. In Nigeria, a surge in cases threatens to re-infect countries that have already been cleared of polio.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology are developing microneedle patches to administer polio vaccine, which could eliminate the need for trained personnel and refrigeration. The project aims to provide data to justify human trials and make vaccination more accessible in remote areas.
The rapidly growing polio outbreak in Tajikistan poses a significant threat to global health, with the World Health Organization and Canadian authorities urging immediate action to boost vaccination rates. Low uptake rates in regions like Ontario and Europe have contributed to the crisis.
A recently introduced polio vaccine is four times more effective at protecting children than previous vaccines, offering a potential path to eliminating type 1 polio in Nigeria. However, many more children need to be immunised against polio if the virus is to be eliminated.
In Nigeria's 2003 polio vaccination campaign, Muslim religious leaders in three northern states boycotted the campaign citing mistrust of Western medicine. The boycott led to new polio cases in Nigeria. Ayodele Samuel Jegede suggests examining this event within historical and political contexts.
A new study by Harvard researchers estimates that US polio vaccination has saved over $180 billion in medical costs, preventing approximately 1.1 million cases of paralytic polio and 160,000 deaths between 1955 and 2005.
Progress has been made in reducing polio cases, but four countries remain endemic and the disease has re-emerged in others. Sustained education efforts on vaccination benefits are key to eradicating polio.
A study found that attempts to change anti-vaccine attitudes can lead to increased opposition, damaging physician-patient relationships. Researchers discovered that after presenting evidence-based information or hearing from a polio survivor, some participants became more opposed to vaccination.
A US policy shift to inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) reduced vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) cases, with no reported cases after 2000. The elimination of VAPP marks an important public health accomplishment, but ongoing high vaccination coverage and surveillance remain crucial.
Researchers sequenced genetic material from a new strain of SIV in chimpanzees near Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo. The new strain is not related to HIV-1 and confirms that HIV-AIDS did not originate from oral polio vaccines.