Articles tagged with Vaccination
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Conflict events repeatedly reversed a declining phase of the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo, according to researchers. Vaccination effectiveness was severely impacted by preceding unrest and subsequent conflict events, dropping from 52% to 4.8%.
A new study found that a highly diluted version of the Ebola vaccine remains fully protective against disease in monkeys. The findings suggest that the vaccine could be made more available by reducing its dosage, potentially easing production burdens.
A new study by researchers at the University of Waterloo highlights the importance of mathematical modelling in tackling disease outbreaks. The study concludes that combining data from multiple medical and public health sources can provide more informative insights for public health planners, enabling effective intervention strategies.
A new study has found that nearly 70% of children with an immune deficiency had two or more bouts of invasive pneumococcal disease. The research suggests that a weakened immune system increases the risk of life-threatening bacterial infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.
A new study suggests that rotavirus infection may trigger the development of type 1 diabetes. Researchers found a significant decrease in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in Australian children under four years old after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination.
A study by ZSL and Imperial College London found that badgers covered 61% more land each month after a population was culled. Surviving badgers visited 45% more fields and increased the odds of visiting neighboring territories, potentially increasing TB transmission risk to both cattle and other badgers.
Researchers at Arizona State University have discovered a common source of tumor mutations that could lead to the development of universal cancer vaccines. They found that errors in RNA transcription and splicing in tumors can produce unique protein fragments, or peptides, that can be recognized by the immune system.
Researchers analyzed data from seven Latin American countries to show that a 10% increase in dog vaccinations decreases human deaths by 12.4%. Additionally, increased vaccination rates lead to reduced healthcare demand in response to rabies elimination campaigns.
A new type of vaccine that can be stored at warmer temperatures has been developed for Chikungunya, a disease that causes crippling headache and joint pain. The vaccine candidate has shown exceptionally promising results in animal studies, setting the stage for a future vaccine to combat the disease.
A recent study by Nicolas Cermakian and Nathalie Labrecque found that the biological clock influences immune response efficacy in CD8 T cells. The study discovered that the strength of the immune response varied according to the time of day, with mice showing a stronger response to vaccination at certain times.
Researchers at Penn Medicine have developed a vaccine that protects against genital herpes, with almost all animal subjects exposed to the virus showing sterilizing immunity. The vaccine stimulates three types of antibodies to block the virus from entering cells and ensure innate immune system protective functions are not turned off.
Research in mice revealed that vaccination led to increased antigen-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation when administered mid-day. The circadian clock influences this response by controlling the cells' transcriptional program and modulating their responsiveness.
A recent study found that over 70% of US adults are unaware that human papillomavirus (HPV) causes anal, penile, and oral cancers. The study, led by researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, also showed low HPV vaccination rates among eligible individuals.
Researchers are developing a vaccine to counteract opioid addiction, with the goal of helping people stop the addiction and regain control of their lives. The vaccine, consisting of one shot and two boosters, aims to develop antibodies against opioids, alleviating symptoms and potentially saving lives during overdose.
The 2019 Lasker Awards recognize Max D. Cooper and Jacques Miller for their discovery of the function of B and T cells in the adaptive immune system. The awards also honor H. Michael Shepard, Dennis J. Slamon, and Axel Ullrich for their development of Herceptin, a monoclonal antibody therapy that targets HER2-positive breast cancer.
The study found a decline in vaccine-type oral HPV infections among unvaccinated men, suggesting herd protection. However, the prevalence of oral HPV infections remained unchanged in unvaccinated women, possibly due to low statistical power.
A new vaccine candidate has been developed to treat and prevent toxic shock caused by invasive streptococcal disease. The 'J8' vaccine candidate has shown a 1000-1,000,000 fold reduction of bacterial burden in treated mice.
A study by Emory Vaccine Center and CDC found immunity against mumps virus insufficient in a fraction of college-aged people who received MMR as children. The results highlight the need for better understanding of immune response to mumps and vaccines.
Researchers developed a DNA vaccine for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) that completely protects against lethal infection in ferrets. The vaccine induces both neutralizing antibody response and multifunctional T cell immunity.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that individuals' vaccination attitudes are shaped by their proximity to a disease outbreak, particularly for those who distrust government medical experts. On the other hand, people with high levels of trust in government experts are not affected by disease proximity.
A vaccine that protects against a worrisome superbug has been successfully tested in mice, providing hope for a solution to the growing global health threat of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The vaccine, developed using genetically modified E. coli, proved highly effective in preventing severe disease and death.
Scientists at MLU have developed a new method for vaccinating plants against viruses, enabling rapid identification and production of precisely tailored substances. The new method follows the modular principle, allowing for flexible combat against new pests and improving the efficiency of siRNA molecules.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital are developing an opioid vaccine to protect people with opioid use disorder against accidental fentanyl overdoses. The two-year project aims to enroll patients and test responses to candidate vaccines, with the goal of eventually testing the vaccine in humans.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology identified the molecular properties of antibodies that neutralize Lassa virus. By understanding these properties, they can create a map for rational vaccine design, aiming to develop effective treatments or vaccines against this deadly disease.
Researchers have achieved a major breakthrough in developing a thermally stable TB vaccine using a technique called ensilication, which protects vaccine components from heat damage. This innovation has the potential to improve the effectiveness and accessibility of vaccines globally, particularly in remote areas.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens found that prior infection with either Zika virus or dengue virus has no apparent effect on the clinical course of subsequent infection with the other virus. This is a significant finding for the development of vaccines against both viruses.
Researchers at Yale University have developed a promising combination immune therapy to dramatically reduce the recurrence of genital herpes. The prime-and-pull strategy involves a vaccine and medicated cream that work together to block the virus from spreading.
A study of 21 macaque monkeys found that primary and secondary infections with Zika virus did not amplify symptoms, contradicting previous tissue culture and mouse findings. The study suggests that combining a Zika vaccine with a dengue vaccine may be necessary to prevent enhancement of either virus.
A new approach from Harvard researchers uses a biomaterial scaffold and childhood vaccines to attract and activate T cells that promote revascularization of ischemic tissues. The technique increases the concentration of T cells at the ischemic site and stimulates angiogenesis, blood flow, and muscle fiber regeneration.
Scientists have created a microneedle patch based on snake fangs that can deliver therapeutic liquids and vaccines through the skin of rodents in under 15 seconds. The device uses capillary action to bypass pumping systems, making it an attractive alternative for simple and pain-free drug delivery.
Research finds that general fear orientation, trust in government, and perceived exposure likelihood significantly influence vaccination willingness. The study's findings suggest that social factors play a crucial role in shaping public health responses to infectious diseases.
Researchers found that stress on immune cells and altered metabolism lead to different outcomes in individuals infected with the same virus, with potential targets for new treatments identified. Preventing conditions causing increased stress may also prevent disease from viral infections.
Researchers at MIT developed a vaccine that dramatically enhances antitumor T cell population and allows cells to invade solid tumors. The booster vaccination increased the success rate of CAR-T cell therapy from 10% to 60% in mice, eliminating tumors in 60% of animals.
A new nonlive shingles vaccine reduced shingles episodes by 75% among patients who underwent stem cell transplantation compared to placebo. Long-term protection was not assessed due to study limitations.
A group of leading public health scientists calls for improved search engine and social media monitoring, as well as government support for mandatory immunization programs. They also advocate for correct dissemination of reliable vaccine information through various channels.
A statewide initiative in California resulted in a significant decrease in the rate of kindergartners entering school without up-to-date vaccinations. The study found that the rate decreased from 9.84% to 4.87% between 2013 and 2017, likely due to changes in vaccination policies.
Researchers developed a new vaccine, NOMV-FHbp, which induced higher levels of protective antibodies than licensed vaccines against five of six bacterial strains. The vaccine has the potential to extend coverage to infants and toddlers, who are at high risk of developing meningococcal disease.
A new study by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health identifies viruses as the main causes of severe childhood pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) accounted for nearly a third of all cases, with other top causes including rhinovirus and S. pneumoniae bacteria.
Researchers found that HPV vaccination programs substantially reduced HPV infections by 83% among girls aged 13-19 and 66% among women aged 20-24. Precancerous cervical lesions also decreased by 51% among teens and 31% among women in their early twenties.
A new online game called Bad News has been shown to increase 'psychological resistance' to fake news by exposing players to disinformation tactics. The game reduces perceived reliability of fake news headlines and tweets by up to 24%, with the greatest effect on those most susceptible to fake news.
The study found that measles-vaccinated children had significantly higher scores on cognitive tests and attended better schools than their unvaccinated peers. Long-term health benefits of measles vaccination were also observed in terms of improved growth parameters, such as height and weight.
Three young scientists, Murad Mamedov, et al., receive $150,000 for their novel methods in understanding the human immune system. The Michelson Prizes recognize groundbreaking research using genomics, AI, and machine learning to transform human health.
A team of scientists at Duke University Medical Center has discovered a previously unidentified route for antibodies to be transferred from the mother to the fetus, which could lead to safer and more effective vaccines. This finding provides a potential way to control when and how certain antibodies are shared.
The topline Phase 3 results of ULTOMIRIS (ravulizumab) show efficacy and safety in treating aHUS. The therapy has shown promise in reducing inflammation and blood clotting, with the potential to treat patients with progressive organ damage.
A unique adjuvant has been identified that can prevent vaccine-enhanced respiratory disease in RSV. The study found that combining this adjuvant with RSV vaccination primes the body for protective immune responses and prevents inflammatory RSV disease after infection.
A Kaiser Permanente-led study found that routine varicella vaccine significantly lowers the likelihood of painful shingles disease in children. The study, which looked at over 6.3 million children, showed that vaccinated kids had a 78% lower risk of contracting HZ compared to unvaccinated children.
A large Kaiser Permanente study found that fully vaccinated children were still at risk of developing pertussis due to waning vaccine effectiveness over time. The study suggests that under-vaccination is only one factor contributing to recent outbreaks, and that a better vaccine that lasts longer between doses is needed.
A class of immune cells called innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) plays an unexpected role in the early defense against tuberculosis. ILCs may provide a new approach to developing treatments and vaccines against TB.
Experts argue that compulsory vaccination can increase uptake, but others recommend improving services and infrastructure instead. The UK's measles vaccination rate is currently below the required 95% for herd immunity.
Recent falls in vaccination rates and uptake of other preventative programs, such as bowel and breast cancer screenings, indicate a fragmentation of public health arrangements. Visible public health leadership is needed to address these weaknesses and prevent further deterioration.
A study models the demand, benefit, and cost of implementing a 20-year strategy for radiotherapy to treat cervical cancer in low- and middle-income countries. The research estimates that 9.4 million women will require radiotherapy, generating $151.5 billion in economic benefits.
Researchers identified a common gene signature in almost all global Strep A strains through genomic sequencing of thousands of genomes from over 20 countries. This finding has the potential to aid in the development of an effective global vaccine, which could combat the bacterial pathogen responsible for millions of deaths annually.
The partnership aims to increase HPV vaccine uptake, which causes over 33,000 cancers annually. UVA will launch a multipronged campaign to educate healthcare workers and the public on the importance of HPV vaccination.
A new study from Rockefeller University reveals that the gut is organized into compartments with different immune system functions in each segment. This discovery has potential to improve drugs for gastrointestinal disorders and inform the development of oral vaccines.
Computational modeling reveals that vaccination success increases with access to local information about disease prevalence, rather than relying solely on global data. This suggests a need for strategic dissemination of detailed incidence data to inform individual vaccination decisions.
New research from Brigham Young University finds that exposing people to the pain and suffering caused by vaccine-preventable diseases can increase support for vaccinations. Nearly 70% of students who interviewed someone with a vaccine-preventable disease moved from hesitant to pro-vaccine attitudes.
Researchers developed a statistical method to predict disease reemergence, particularly for preventable childhood infections like measles and pertussis. The model analyzes subtle changes in reported cases to identify early warning signals for emerging diseases.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin and Johns Hopkins University have identified 25 US counties at high risk for measles outbreaks. The analysis considered international travel and vaccination rates, predicting over 1,000 cases in the US this year.
Researchers used a model of measles transmission to predict the impact of vaccination campaigns in Pakistan. Conducting vaccination campaigns between May and October reduced estimated infections by 400,000 compared to January campaigns.
A new analysis predicts top 25 US counties at risk for measles outbreaks in 2019, considering non-medical exemptions, international air travel, and population data. The study identifies regions with low vaccination rates and high passenger inflow from affected countries as areas of high risk.