Articles tagged with Environmental Health
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent study suggests that excessive weight-bearing activities in children can affect the mechanical properties of developing bones, leading to a higher risk of degenerative skeletal disorders later in life. Researchers found that young boys who participated in regular farming activities had significantly lower bone-damping ability c...
Exposure to chemical & biological contaminants can cause respiratory & neurologic symptoms, allergies, asthma, and lung cancer. Secondhand smoke & radon are major causes of lung cancer after cigarette smoking.
Researchers discovered a three percent higher incidence of visits for asthma attacks on days following thunderstorms in the metro Atlanta area. The study, published in Thorax, could lead to improved intervention strategies and emergency services planning.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health has received a $3.4 million grant to develop the Carolina Center for Computational Toxicology, which aims to advance computational toxicology by developing new methods and tools.
A gene mutation and exposure to cats at birth may increase a child's risk of developing eczema during their first year. Children with filaggrin gene mutations were twice as likely to develop eczema, while cat ownership further increased the risk for those with the mutation.
Researchers found that environmental enrichment reduced coordination and movement problems in Rett syndrome mice. The study also showed that BDNF levels were similar in enriched and normal mice, suggesting a gene-environment interaction.
A $2.5 million NIH grant will fund a study of four communities, including Boston's Chinatown and Somerville, to examine the health effects of pollution exposure in neighborhoods adjacent to major highways. The study aims to better define the most serious impacts of highway pollution on local residents.
Researchers have developed a method to classify liver toxins using gene-expression profiling of blood samples, improving the precision of compound classification. The study highlights the importance of 'phenotypic anchoring' in linking gene expression data analysis to traditional measures of toxicology.
Research published in BMC Public Health found that schools with positive social environments and high-quality teacher relationships can significantly reduce student smoking. The study of over 5,000 Scottish students revealed that pupils from these schools were less likely to smoke.
The Woods Institute has awarded grants to 17 Stanford faculty members to develop a campus-wide research agenda on the sustainable built environment. The research will focus on enhancing sustainability in buildings, infrastructure, and cities.
A study of over 7,600 Swedish twins found that genetic factors and the individual's unique environment play a significant role in determining their choice of sexual partner. The results suggest that familial and public attitudes have a minimal impact on this decision.
A study by the University of Chicago found that restricting bedtime led to increased energy from snacks, including more carbohydrates. This behavior may be driven by changes in reward-seeking and motivation. Getting adequate sleep is essential for maintaining a healthy weight.
The Safety Professionals Handbook is a comprehensive two-volume book featuring real-life examples and applied nature from experienced safety and health professionals. The publication covers 12 topic areas, including workers' compensation, fire prevention, and industrial hygiene.
Researchers found that simple membranes composed of fatty acids can allow small molecules to pass through, supporting a theory about the first cells' interactions with their environment. The study also confirms the ability of nucleotide molecules to form DNA within vesicles, suggesting a possible way for early cells to replicate.
Researchers found that licensed pesticide applicators who used chlorinated pesticides for over 100 days were at greater risk of developing diabetes. The study associated specific pesticides with a 20-200% increase in risk, with trichlorfon showing the strongest relationship.
A study published in Environmental Health found that drinking tap water disinfected by chlorine while pregnant may increase the risk of certain birth defects. Exposure to high levels of chlorination by-products was associated with a significant increased risk of ventricular septal defects, cleft palate, and anencephalus.
A recent study published in Pediatrics found that sugar-sweetened beverages are an increasingly large part of children and teens' diets, with teens consuming an average of 356 calories per day. Reducing empty caloric intake by limiting these drinks may be a key strategy for promoting healthy eating and preventing excess weight gain.
A study published in Occupational Environmental Medicine found that men working as painters and decorators who are exposed to glycol ethers have poor semen quality. The researchers discovered that these workers have a 2.5-fold increased risk of having a low motile sperm count compared to those with low exposure.
A three-year study will investigate how low levels of environmental chemicals affect sheep foetuses and potentially human health. The researchers aim to understand the long-term reproductive effects of exposure to hormone-like chemicals, which could have greater consequences for females than males.
A study published in Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology found that early life exposure to cats may reduce the risk of developing asthma symptoms. Children with cat ownership were more likely to make allergy-related antibodies and less likely to have wheeze at age five.
The premier issue of Environmental Justice explores adverse environmental burdens on marginalized populations, legal challenges, and activism. The journal aims to provide a balanced assessment of environmental inequalities locally, nationally, and globally.
Research highlights diacetyl's acute toxicity and respiratory harm when inhaled by humans. Studies have found that diacetyl can injure lungs, particularly among workers making microwave popcorn and flavoring chemicals.
Researchers at MUHC identified 163 genes correlated with patient outcome, including a panel of 26 specific genes that can accurately predict clinical outcome. The study provides a promising diagnostic tool for breast cancer patients.
A study of 3,546 female twins found that genetics influence the rate of progression to problem drinking and alcohol dependence. Environmental factors played a significant role in the initiation of alcohol use, while genetic factors accounted for up to 47% of the influence on women's alcohol-related problems.
Medical schools from across the US attend Indiana University's Immersion III, a conference focused on enhancing professional culture and promoting compassionate education. The event provides a 'living laboratory' for participating institutions to explore approaches to changing their own cultures.
A study by Michigan State University found that media coverage of breast cancer prioritizes treatments over prevention. The research highlights the importance of promoting cancer-prevention techniques through media awareness, as it can have a significant impact on women's perceptions and behaviors.
A new study finds that air pollution from sulfur dioxide, fine particles, and nitrogen dioxide can cause decreased lung function and increase asthma symptoms in inner-city children. The study suggests that current air quality standards may not be sufficient to protect these vulnerable populations.
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine found that introducing a relationship-centered learning environment improved student satisfaction with their medical education, with increased rates of out-of-state applications. The study also showed enhanced responsiveness to student problems and a more favorable impact on organiza...
A new study published in PLoS Biology shows that gene-environment interactions play a crucial role in determining thousands of traits in yeast, with the environment having a bigger effect on regulated genes than direct mechanisms. The research reveals intriguing interactions between genetic and environmental factors.
Researchers warn of unforeseen environmental and health consequences of nanosilver in consumer products, as simple experiments show nanoparticle silver can leach into waterways. Improved product labeling is proposed to increase public awareness.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Active Living Research Program highlights the need for tailored interventions to address disparities in physical activity participation among underserved communities. The special issue identifies safety concerns related to crime as a key barrier to active living, while also pointing towards policy a...
A recent study using twins found that genetic factors contribute significantly to the development of alcohol dependence, with heritable influences tracing back to a common factor. Environmental influences, on the other hand, are more prominent in earlier stages of drinking behaviors, such as initiation and first problem onset.
Jim Hutchison, a chemist and materials scientist at UO, emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary teams to address nanomaterial safety concerns. He advocates for green chemistry approaches to reduce byproducts and simplify purification, accelerating data collection on material hazards.
A pilot study tracked the movement of 14- to 16-year-old girls using GPS-enabled cell phones, revealing they spend more time away from home and school than anticipated. The study aims to learn about the characteristics of environments that influence health behaviors.
Workers exposed to low levels of an asbestos-like mineral from Montana vermiculite are at increased risk for lung disease today. A 25-year follow-up study found that even low cumulative exposure can cause changes in the lining around the lungs.
A study of workers exposed to Libby vermiculite found high prevalence of scarring and thickening of the chest wall membrane 25 years after exposure. Even low levels of exposure were associated with significant health risks.
A new rodent study finds exposure to diacetyl, a chemical in artificial butter flavoring, can cause respiratory issues in mice. The research suggests workplace exposure to diacetyl may contribute to the development of obstructive bronchiolitis (OB) in humans.
The 2008 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is useful for countries without their own monitoring systems, but its global ranking lacks legitimacy and precision within the European Union. The EPI's standardized framework cannot account for regional environmental problems and varying policy contexts.
A new national survey found that elevated indoor allergen levels are associated with asthma symptoms in allergic individuals, particularly those with allergies. Regular household cleaning and reducing exposure to pets and pests can help alleviate symptoms.
A new primer on human taste perception and biology has been published, providing a clear overview of recent advances in understanding this primal sense. The study reveals the importance of taste in both positive experiences, such as enjoying food, and critical life-dependent responses, like spitting out toxic substances.
A five-year grant aims to uncover the genetic mechanism behind increased sensitivity to estrogen due to low-dose BPA exposure, which may predispose men to prostate cancer later in life. The study will use human prostate-like structures and animal models to characterize dose-response and gene modifications.
Research on loggerhead turtles reveals significant levels of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) causing liver damage and immune system suppression. Exposure to PFCs may pose a similar risk to humans, with potential for immunocompromise.
After Italy's comprehensive smoking ban in 2005, acute coronary events among adults decreased significantly, particularly in younger age groups, with a 11.2% reduction for those aged 35-64 and a 7.9% decrease for those aged 65-74.
A Michigan State University physician reports the first nationally documented death from acute asthma caused by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in a bar employee. The case highlights the need for legal protections against ETS in workplaces, particularly for vulnerable employees with pre-existing conditions like asthma.
The new plan aims to reduce, refine and replace animal use in research and regulatory testing through partnerships with industry and stakeholders. It emphasizes the development of predictive systems using new technologies to minimize animal use.
Middle-aged women in Finland took almost 50% more short-term sick leave than their male counterparts, with physical health problems and work fatigue being key contributors. The researchers suggest that women may be better at recognizing problems and seeking medical treatment.
Global positioning systems technology can be used to study how children develop spatial awareness and orient themselves in the real world. The study found that children aged three years old could use environmental landmarks to guide their search, improving performance with larger test areas and different colored buckets.
Researchers found that boiling water increases BPA release from polycarbonate bottles, with rates increasing 15-55 times faster than at lower temperatures. The study's findings suggest that cumulative environmental exposures may harm human health.
The US EPA has launched a voluntary program to collect safety data on engineered nanoscale materials, but experts argue that more action is needed to ensure public and market confidence in their safety. The program provides an opportunity for industry, NGOs, and other groups to voluntarily submit safety data.
Researchers found that old wood floor finishes in some homes can lead to significant PCB exposure, even exceeding levels found in the general population. The study suggests that these finishes, particularly those containing the chemical Fabulon, may harbor high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls.
Workers with extended work schedules face higher risks of losing their jobs after injury, according to Ohio State University research. Injured employees in nonstandard schedules are more likely to be fired or quit, emphasizing the importance of tailoring return-to-work plans to individual employees' schedules.
A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that eating out can have both positive and negative impacts on obesity. Higher total restaurant density is significantly associated with lower weight status, while a higher fast-food density is associated with higher weight status.
The Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health has received a DISCOVER grant to conduct four related studies on the effects of prenatal and early postnatal exposure to air pollutants on lung development and immune system function. The research aims to better prevent childhood asthma and improve clinical treatment.
Researchers investigated college parties, observing environments, behaviors, and blood-alcohol concentrations to identify key predictors of excessive drinking. Young women drank more heavily at themed events with sexualized themes and costumes, while students who socialized without drinking games had lower levels of consumption.
The NIEHS is awarding a total of $6.8 million to three new research centers called DISCOVER, which will bridge the gap between basic research and clinical treatment of diseases caused by environmental factors.
A study found that nearly one out of 10 registered nurses reported at least one needlestick injury in the previous year, with many cases going unreported. The researchers emphasize the need for targeted risk reduction strategies tailored to non-hospital settings.
A study conducted by University College London found that unsupervised children engage in more physical activity, such as walking and playing, due to the ability to explore their local environment. This leads to improved social skills and overall well-being.
A $1.5 million grant renewal will support the first-of-its-kind study examining driving abilities in cognitively impaired elders. The study aims to understand the validity of road tests and develop computerized measures as a screening tool.
A UNC study found that childcare centers with portable play equipment and active play opportunities increase children's moderate to vigorous physical activity levels. Centers with more computer and TV equipment also scored better on activity levels, suggesting a positive correlation between media resources and physical activity.
A study by Joseph G. Grzywacz found that employees who perceive flexibility in their work lives have healthier lifestyles and are more likely to start positive behaviors. The study analyzed data from a large multinational pharmaceutical company, which recognized its commitment to flexibility as a family-friendly employer.