Articles tagged with Immune Response
New research suggests that exposure to vape and e-cigarette residue on surfaces during pregnancy can cause immune system damage in unborn babies. The study found that maternal third-hand exposure to e-vapour results in significant, long-lasting effects on lung and bone marrow immune cell responses.
Researchers found that fruit bats generate a more diverse antibody response than mice but have a weaker overall response. However, bats fed a fruit-only diet had a stronger antibody response compared to those on a protein-supplemented diet.
A recent study by Dr. Esteban Ballestar's group identifies an immune cell population that is more effective in responding against cancer cells under hypoxia. Macrophages undergo changes that enhance their ability to trigger an immune response, leading to better patient outcomes in bladder and ovarian cancers.
A recent study found a correlation between higher anti-PD-1 autoantibody levels and lower survival rates in patients with advanced liver cancer, suggesting these autoantibodies as potential biomarkers for predicting treatment response. The discovery aims to improve treatment regimens for patients with liver cancer.
A new study found that childhood trauma can have specific consequences for biological health and risk of developing 20 major diseases later in life. The study's findings differ by sex and type of stressor, highlighting the need for a precision medicine approach based on patients' sex and specific stress profile.
Researchers developed a synthetic mucin gel inspired by cow slime to create a protective barrier around discs, preventing immune system attacks. This innovative approach may improve patient outcomes and reduce long-term complications after disc herniation surgery.
A new long-term study found that memory T cells can be established and maintain key features to fight off subsequent infections of newer strains, providing potential insight into rapid recovery from COVID. The study's findings are important for understanding how the body responds to COVID-19.
The world's first combined whole eye and face transplant has demonstrated allograft survival, including rejection-free graft survival. The transplanted eye has maintained normal pressure, good blood flow, and some remaining structure and functions in the retina. Researchers are now focused on understanding how to restore sight.
A Trinity scientist has won an ERC Starting Grant to investigate the role of microglia in brain disorders. The project aims to create a detailed map of how these immune cells change during brain damage, disease, or repair, with the goal of developing methods to control and rejuvenate neuropathology.
A new mpox mRNA vaccine has shown improved responses in nonhuman primate models, reducing symptoms and disease duration compared to a currently licensed modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine. The investigational vaccine resulted in fewer lesions, shorter disease duration, and lower viral shedding.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes used computational tools to predict the 3D shapes of nearly 70,000 viral proteins, uncovering a powerful way viruses evade host immune defenses. The study found that bacteria-infecting and animal viruses share an ancient mechanism to evade immune systems.
A study found that men infected with high-risk types of HPV could experience sperm death from oxidative stress, leading to impaired fertility. The researchers also discovered a weakened local immune response in the urogenital tract, which may contribute to these effects.
A study by McGill University researchers found that the timing of malaria parasite infection affects disease severity and host response. Circadian rhythms influence vulnerability to malaria parasites, with night-time infections resulting in less severe symptoms and slower parasite spread.
A new study reveals a connection between metabolic genes and immune system T cells, suggesting a potential new class of inborn errors of immunometabolism. Researchers identified genetic overlap between disorders of metabolism and immunity, pointing to a continuum between the two conditions.
Researchers have proposed a framework encompassing all discovered host immunological pathways, including TH1, TH2a, TH2b, TH3, TH9, TH17, TH22, TH1-like, and THαβ immune reactions. These relationships can help understand host defense mechanisms against invading pathogens and provide insights for developing better therapeutic strategies.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara discovered that macrophages can be programmed to respond to light, triggering an increase in their appetite and improving the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies. The findings offer a new way to enhance trained immunity, a type of memory exhibited in the innate immune system.
A new study published in Andrology has found that patients with lower testosterone levels tend to have short little fingers, which is associated with an increased risk of severe Covid-19. The research suggests that testosterone may reduce inflammation in the lungs and other organs, providing a protective effect against severe illness.
Research from the University of Virginia School of Medicine reveals that nearly a quarter of children with recurrent wheezing have undetected lung infections that do not respond to commonly prescribed steroids. The study suggests that antiviral medications such as azithromycin may be a more effective treatment for these cases.
A novel two-step vaccination strategy has been developed to combat seasonal flu, pairing an intramuscular injection with a nasal spray of a weakened live-virus. The approach resulted in a strong immune response and reduced shedding of the vaccine candidate from the upper respiratory tract.
Researchers will investigate how altered copper metabolism and redox balance contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction, leading to cardiovascular diseases. The five-year project aims to understand the underlying mechanisms of vascular disease and develop effective treatments.
A recent study published in CANCER found that patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapy had improved overall and cancer-specific survival rates compared to those without it. The median overall survival was eight months, while cancer-specific survival was 10 months.
A new study using live mice and influenza virus sheds light on how maternal immune response affects fetal brain development. Researchers found that only a subset of severe infections can cause changes in the developing fetal brain, increasing the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders like schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.
A new combined cell therapy for kidney transplants uses a combination of bone marrow cells from the donor and Treg cells from the recipient to reduce the donor-specific reaction. This approach preserves the overall diversity of the T-cell receptor repertoire, crucial for immune defence.
A new study reveals that about two percent of the population develop autoantibodies against type 1 interferons, making them more susceptible to severe viral infections. The autoantibodies remain detectable in the blood for life and are associated with a compromised type 1 interferon system.
Patients with 18q deletion syndrome exhibit both cellular and humoral immunodeficiency, characterized by low immunoglobulin levels and impaired T-cell function. Regular testing for both cellular and humoral immunity can allow for early detection of combined immune deficiencies and improve clinical outcomes.
Non-flowering bryophytes, including mosses, have sophisticated immune receptor repertoires that can be transferred between flowering and non-flowering plants. This discovery offers a new source of resistance genes against pathogens for major crops facing climate change threats.
Researchers at Chiba University have discovered a new mechanism of ILC2 immune cell development, which may exacerbate allergic diseases. The study found that the induction of GATA3 expression by an ILC2-specific super-enhancer is essential for ILC2 differentiation.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin have made a breakthrough in understanding how to improve vaccine responses against the potentially deadly MRSA bacterium. By targeting the immune-suppressive molecule IL-10, they improved the ability of vaccines to protect against infection and reduce bacterial clearance.
Scientists have developed a new immunotherapy that can identify and fight cancer cells in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. The treatment involves stimulating the immune system's T cells against specific elements of the virus involved in cancer formation.
Researchers have discovered how a neutralizing antibody blocks measles virus infection by arresting the fusion process. The study's findings may also be relevant to other viruses with pandemic potential, such as Nipah and parainfluenza viruses.
Researchers are exploring inflammation caused by COVID-19 as a trigger for Long Covid, a condition characterized by persistent symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, and shortness of breath. The study aims to identify potential causes and treatments for Long Covid, with findings that could lead to enhanced immune function in patients.
Researchers developed spider minor ampullate silk protein nanoparticles as an effective protein delivery system, enhancing antigen-specific immune responses in mouse models. The nanoparticles showed high loading efficiency and sustained release profiles, promoting efficient internalization by lymph nodes and uptake by dendritic cells.
Researchers at University of Cambridge uncover unified healer army of regulatory T cells that constantly move and repair damaged tissue. This discovery has implications for treating various diseases, including autoimmune disorders and infectious diseases.
Researchers found TIMP-1 enhances antitumor immunity through self-stimulation and activates immune cells. Increasing TIMP-1 expression could improve cancer immunotherapies in patients with deficient immune responses.
A Vanderbilt University Medical Center-led research team discovered a connection between obesity and cancer, revealing that macrophages play an unexpected role in the complicated connection. Obesity increases macrophage frequency in tumors and induces PD-1 expression, which can contribute to both increased cancer risk and enhanced resp...
A recent study published in The Open Sports Sciences Journal found that Ascorbic acid supplementation reduced exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in healthy women. The supplement also increased plasma ascorbic acid levels and reduced post-exercise MDA levels, suggesting a potential protective effect against muscle injury.
A new study led by UCSF found that COVID-19 vaccine side effects like headache and tiredness indicate a strong immune response. Those with more symptoms had nearly double the antibody levels of those without, suggesting the vaccine is effective in preventing infection.
A recent study suggests that inhibiting epigenetic control enzymes in immune cells, specifically HDAC1, improves anti-tumor immunity and tumor surveillance. This finding could lead to new therapeutic strategies in cancer immunotherapy.
Researchers at Uppsala University found that macrophages in injured muscle tissues transform into cells resembling mural cells, promoting restoration of blood flow and healing. This finding highlights the potential for immunotherapies to enhance vascular integrity and tissue repair.
Researchers found that tumor-associated macrophages respond to physical properties of fibrosis by synthesizing injury-associated collagens, resulting in metabolic changes that suppress CTL function. This provides an alternative explanation for why anti-tumor immunity is impaired in fibrotic solid tumors.
Researchers found that Werner syndrome mice experience age-dependent and sex-specific changes in their livers and immune systems, including fatty liver accumulation and altered lipid metabolism. These findings suggest a potential link between immunoglobulin variants and fatty liver progression in the disorder.
Researchers at University of Turku have discovered a novel RNA that controls the development and function of regulatory T cells. This finding may enable the development of precision medicine treatments for autoimmune diseases and cancer.
A team of researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University has engineered a short sequence of artificial DNA to target the mutant protein p53-R175H, linked to lung, colorectal, and breast cancers. The new molecule, dp53m, inhibits cancer cell growth and increases sensitivity to chemotherapy agent cisplatin.
Researchers explore nanoparticle-based therapies to specifically target lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer, providing a promising solution for patient treatment. Nanoparticles deliver drugs directly to tumors, targeting cancer cells to destroy them or slow their growth, while also enhancing the immune response.
Researchers at Harvard University have identified a specific cell type in the mouse embryonic brain that responds to an immune response in the mother, altering gene regulation and persisting in juvenile mice. This study provides new insights into how maternal immune responses might influence brain development in embryos, potentially sh...
Researchers from Osaka University found that Csk inhibits germinal center B cell signaling, decreasing reactive oxygen species production and promoting affinity maturation. This study reveals the crucial role of Csk tyrosine kinase in regulating B cell development.
The study investigates the anticancer potential of CLK kinase inhibitors 1C8 and GPS167, which inhibit CLOCK kinases and affect cancer cell proliferation. The compounds also alter the expression and alternative splicing of transcripts involved in EMT and antiviral immune response.
Researchers found that repeat COVID-19 vaccinations elicit cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies capable of targeting multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and distantly related coronaviruses. The findings suggest periodic re-vaccination may help build a stock of protective antibodies against emerging variants.
Researchers found that ARID1A mutation renders tumors sensitive to immunotherapy by triggering an antiviral immune response. This could lead to improved patient outcomes and the development of targeted therapies.
Researchers found a significant association between neighborhood deprivation and DNA methylation in brain tissue, which may be linked to immune response. The study identified one CpG site (cg26514961, PLXNC1 gene) significantly associated with neighborhood deprivation after controlling for covariates.
A third Covid vaccine dose has been shown to improve defensive antibody responses in some clinically extremely vulnerable patients. The trial found that 90% of patients who received a booster dose developed significant antibodies, but more than half of those with low initial responses saw no improvement.
Researchers have identified new cellular targets for a vaccine to treat eczema in children, which may limit the severity of symptoms and reduce antibiotic use. The study uncovered specific immune signatures in children with infected flares of eczema, providing a potential blueprint for future therapies.
A new Cochrane review suggests that taking zinc may reduce the duration of common cold symptoms by around two days, but the evidence is not conclusive. Common side-effects include bowel problems, nausea, and unpleasant taste.
Researchers found that inflammatory proteins peak at different times of day based on whether new mothers breastfeed or formula-feed their babies. The study's findings suggest a unique immune profile for lactating mothers and highlight the need for further research into postpartum breastfeeding.
Researchers developed a new 'proactive vaccinology' approach to build vaccines before disease-causing pathogens emerge. The Quartet Nanocage vaccine trains the immune system to target specific regions of eight coronaviruses, providing broad protection against known and unknown strains.
Researchers at Columbia University's Zuckerman Institute have identified a new brain circuit in mice that regulates the body's inflammatory reactions. The discovery reveals a previously unknown pathway between the brain and body, which may lead to innovative treatments for various immune disorders.
Researchers uncovered Bcl6's importance for certain dendritic cell formation and its impact on T-cell responses. Bcl6 deficiency leads to impaired antibody production and weakened immunity.
New research reveals updated vaccines provide a strong immune response against previous strains and emerging variants of COVID-19. Regular vaccinations are recommended for older people or those with underlying medical conditions to combat the virus.
University of Bonn researchers found that harmless particles improve immune responses and enhance lung function in mice. The study used beta-glucan to stimulate the immune system, resulting in a modified response to pathogenic bacteria.
Researchers at University of Kansas discover a new compound that inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell models by targeting the 'Mac-1' protein. This finding offers hope for developing new treatments and preventing future pandemics.