Articles tagged with T Lymphocytes
Researchers from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center are presenting new developments in immunotherapy and proteomics at the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting. A new adoptive T-cell therapy for ovarian cancer has shown promising results, while a vaccine adjuvant has boosted immune responses to sarcomas.
Researchers found HTLV-1/HIV co-infected patients had higher CD4+ T-cell counts after treatment, which didn't predict response to therapy. Viral load testing was shown to be more effective in monitoring ART response, contrary to current CD4+ T-cell count use.
Scientists at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered that exhausted T cells have distinct DNA structures and activate specific genes, including NFAT and Nr4a proteins. These findings provide new insights into the molecular underpinnings of T cell exhaustion and offer potential targets for improving cancer immunotherapies.
Researchers have found that T cells soften after activation, allowing them to elicit a stronger response. They identified drugs that can help either activate or suppress T cell responses, providing a new approach to manipulating the immune system.
Researchers found that IL-21 producing CD4+ T cells contribute to joint inflammation by activating synovial fibroblasts. This discovery holds promise for targeted therapies to decrease inflammation and improve quality of life for patients.
Scientists have made an important breakthrough in identifying specific T cells that can fight cancer, using a new method to track the diverse members of a patient's immune system. The study found that these 'rare' cells are more effective in patients who undergo complete remission after T cell infusion.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center have developed more potent CAR T cells using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, which can kill tumor cells longer and resist exhaustion. This breakthrough could lead to safer and more effective use of immunotherapy in cancer patients.
Scientists discover a culture method that unlocks the natural fighter function of immune T cells when exposed to alarm signals, allowing for the growth of natural armies trained to recognize and target cancer proteins. The method has been tested on three cancer-associated proteins and shown success in stimulating T cell responses.
Australian researchers investigated how certain medications impact MAIT cell function, finding some prevent detection of infections while others activate the immune system. This discovery may lead to better understanding and control of immune reactions to drugs, as well as new therapies that manipulate MAIT cell behavior.
Researchers developed a universal CAR T cell therapy that overcomes the obstacle of generating personalized cancer-killing cells from young children. The treatment successfully eradicated leukemia from two infant patients, who remained disease-free for 10 and 16 months.
A new imaging technique allows researchers to visualize and monitor the behavior of immune cells used to treat cancer patients. The technique reveals whether T cells have found a tumor, how many T cells have arrived, and whether they are alive. This breakthrough could improve our understanding of why immunotherapy doesn't always work.
Researchers found that rapamycin treatment reduced proinflammatory cytokine release and toxicity without decreasing HIV-1 reactivation in T cells. The treatment did not impair the immune system's ability to recognize infected T cells, making it a potential strategy for targeting latent HIV-1 reservoirs.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center found that sunlight, through a separate mechanism from vitamin D production, increases the movement of T cells. This activation enhances immune response and may have therapeutic potential for boosting immunity.
A new method has been developed to identify suitable protein structures directly from patients' tumor cells using mass spectrometry. This approach allows for the identification of mutated peptides presented on the surface of cancer cells with high accuracy and speed.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a method to 'rewire' human immune cells to sense and respond to tumor signals, potentially overcoming immunosuppression in cancer treatment. The customized function could also be useful in fighting other diseases.
Scientists at the NIH used advanced brain imaging technology to study cerebral malaria, revealing how the disease kills thousands of people each year. The research suggests a potential treatment involving removing CD8+ T cells from blood vessel walls, increasing survival rates.
A small early-phase trial of CAR T-cell immunotherapy developed at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center showed a high percentage of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) experienced tumor shrinkage or disappearance after treatment. The therapy targeted CD19, a molecule found on the surface of CLL cells.
A global multicenter trial of CAR T cells reported high complete response rates (82%) in children and young adults with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A single-center pilot trial using humanized CAR T cells showed comparable effectiveness with reduced side effects.
A genetic mutation in the CTLA-4 protein led to chronic autoimmune enteritis, causing severe diarrhea and weight loss. Researchers developed a treatment using monoclonal antibodies to block T-cell adhesion, resulting in complete remission after three months.
A new quality control mechanism has been discovered in immune T cell development, where a protein complex called LUBAC enables 'quality control' of cells before they are released into the bloodstream. This discovery has significant implications for understanding autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have discovered that defective ion channels in T cells may contribute to the inability of the immune system to fight off head and neck cancers. By targeting these channels, patients with these cancers could have better outcomes.
Researchers developed genetically engineered T cells armed with a fusion inhibitor to disrupt HIV's entry process. The C34 peptide was shown to be potent and effective against diverse HIV strains, including those resistant to existing drugs.
Researchers develop domain-swapped T cell receptors that increase the safety of TCR gene therapy by preventing mispairing between introduced and resident chains. These new receptors retain functional domains and prevent autoimmune disease in mice and human cells, offering a promising tool for cancer treatment.
Research suggests that obesity causes chronic inflammation in visceral adipose tissue, which leads to comorbid cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. A new study found that a specific T cell subtype associated with aging accumulates in obese mice, causing insulin resistance and obesity-like inflammation.
Two studies published in PNAS found that checkpoint blockade therapy is only effective for a subset of cancer patients with 'hot' T-cell-inflamed tumors. Researchers identified dendritic cells and tumor antigens as key factors influencing treatment response.
Researchers found that specific IFNL3 and HLA-DPB1 genes are linked to a boost in immunity to hepatitis C after childbirth. Women carrying these genes experienced sharp declines in blood viral levels, improved T-cell activity, and better control of the virus after delivery.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have developed a new test to determine immune cell strength, which could help predict patient reactions to various threats. The CaFlux test uses calcium channel detection to assess T-cell responses, offering insights into potential allergies or autoimmunity.
Researchers discover that tolerance is induced only when antigens are acquired and presented to T cells by specialized dendritic cells. Dendritic cells also cause short-term activation of T cells under non-infection conditions, but without long-term effects. This improved understanding may lead to new ways to control the immune response.
Using a high-throughput cell-editing platform, researchers have successfully mutated genes in human immune cells to make them resistant to HIV infection. The new system enables the rapid testing of gene mutations that confer resistance, which could potentially accelerate the quest for an HIV cure.
Researchers have determined that combining CX-4945 and JQ1 can efficiently kill T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells while sparing normal blood cells. The findings provide new hope for the treatment of refractory/relapsed T-cell leukemia, a form of cancer with a high mortality rate.
A recent study by Emory Vaccine Center-India collaboration reveals insights into CD8 T cells' role in fighting dengue virus infection. The research shows that these immune cells expand massively but keep cytokine production under control, retaining the ability to kill virus-infected cells.
Researchers at Monash University have made a groundbreaking discovery about how T cells recognize viruses, challenging decades-old immunological concepts. By using the National Synchrotron, they gained key molecular insights into the T cell-virus interaction, revealing a new way T cells 'see' viruses and triggering an immune response.
A new approach to treat cancer involves depleting CAR T cells after treatment, permanently restoring healthy B cell levels. Researchers created CD19-targeting CAR T cells with an additional EGFR targeting mechanism, eliminating tumors and reversing B cell aplasia in mice.
Researchers found that culturing T cells in N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) before infusion improved effectiveness and outcomes in a preclinical model of melanoma. Nearly 40% of NAC-cultured T cells were detectable in tumors after transfer, compared to approximately 1.2% of standard-culture T cells.
Recent studies suggest that our environment, including lifestyle choices and living conditions, plays a significant role in shaping our unique immune systems. The review highlights the importance of understanding how environmental influences can be harnessed to improve human health.
A study by Queen Mary University of London found that mice with toys and stimulating environments have healthier immune systems. The research discovered changes in T cells, which are essential for immunity and involved in chronic diseases like HIV and rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital identified a distinct gene module for T cell dysfunction, contributing to chronic disease states like cancer and chronic viral infections. A transcription factor, Gata-3, was found to play a crucial role in T cell dysfunction, offering new avenues for targeted therapy.
A recent study published in Cell found that gamma delta T cells prevent tumor-fighting immune cells from attacking pancreatic tumors. This infighting makes immunotherapy less effective, with only 8% of people surviving five years after diagnosis.
Researchers suggest that duration of T-cell interactions with dendritic cells may be key to matching immune response to infection severity. Understanding this process could lead to advancements in vaccine development and the study of autoimmune diseases.
Researchers discovered that cancer tumors starve immune T cells by shrinking their mitochondria, limiting their ability to fight cancer. Boosting mitochondrial function in T cells improves their performance and could enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy drugs.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have identified a specific receptor-protein expressed on the surface of ovarian tumor cells, offering a highly targeted therapeutic target for immunotherapy. This technology uses chimeric endocrine receptor-expressing T-cells to selectively eliminate cancerous cells with minimal adverse effects.
Engineered CAR T cells targeting multiple tumor antigens show improved anti-tumor activity and survival rates in an animal model of glioblastoma. This approach could lead to more effective immunotherapies for certain types of cancer.
Researchers found that a western-style high fat diet can affect the immune system prior to weight gain, altering T cell responses and potentially leading to autoimmune disease. The study revealed that dietary lipids directly influence T cell activation and responsiveness by changing the composition of the T cell membrane.
A new discovery has identified cell markers to target HIV reservoirs, opening new treatment perspectives. The study found that using antibodies specifically binding to these markers could destroy HIV reservoirs and potentially cure infected individuals by allowing them to stop antiretroviral therapy.
A Michigan State University researcher has discovered that a synthetic food additive, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), may be causing an increase in food allergies. The research found that tBHQ triggers the release of proteins that can trigger allergies to common foods like nuts, milk, and eggs.
New research found that CD4 T-cells in young mice secrete lower levels of interferon gamma, a key antiviral cytokine, leading to higher rates of immune cell death and delayed virus clearance. This may explain children's increased susceptibility to illnesses.
Scientists develop CAR-fused T cells that recognize abnormal B cells in autoimmune diseases like pemphigus vulgaris, reducing symptoms and promoting long-lasting effects.
Researchers developed a new CAR T cell therapy that targets solid tumors using an antibody-carbohydrate combination. The therapy was shown to be effective in mouse models of pancreatic cancer, with increased survival rates and no damage to normal human cells.
Researchers develop CAR T cell therapy targeting a specific glycopeptide found on cancer cells but not normal cells, showing promise in treating leukemia and pancreatic cancer in mice. The therapy demonstrates improved survival rates and potential for broad applicability to various cancers.
A small clinical trial found that combining checkpoint inhibitors with T-cell therapy may boost treatment effectiveness for metastatic melanoma. Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center suggest this approach could be beneficial for fighting other cancers as well.
Researchers have designed a new approach to treating B cell malignancies by targeting specific B cell markers with modified T cells. The treatment showed promising results, resulting in complete remission in two patients and stable disease in four others.
A recent study published at ASCO found that gene dysregulation causes immune T cells to turn back to an immature state, making them less effective against metastatic melanoma. The researchers discovered over 60 epigenetic changes and 10 changes in gene activity that were most common among patients who didn't respond to immunotherapy.
HTLV-1, a retrovirus that co-exists with humans, infects 30 million people worldwide. Persistent infection is attributed to CTCF, which controls viral DNA integration into human DNA. This discovery may lead to new prevention and treatment strategies for refractory leukemia.
Researchers developed a novel technique called iTAST to measure T-cell affinity, finding a correlation between aging and reduced effectiveness in fighting hepatitis C virus. This breakthrough could expedite scientific discoveries and improve immunotherapy and vaccine development.
Researchers discovered that a protein called methylation controlled J (MCJ) can be altered to boost the immune system's response to the flu. MCJ acts as a braking system in mitochondria, slowing down energy production and preventing overactive cells from killing healthy ones.
Researchers discovered that immune T cells can overcome chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer by outsmarting fibroblasts. By boosting these immune cells, the tumor cells begin to die off, suggesting a new approach to treating ovarian cancer.
Researchers developed a new approach to cancer immunotherapy by using donated immune cells to recognize and target cancer cells. The study found that adding mutated DNA from cancer cells into immune-stimulating cells from healthy donors can trigger an immune response in healthy cells, which can then be used to attack cancer cells.
A subset of immune cells expressing protein CD146 is associated with the development of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GI-GVHD) after hematopoietic cell transplantation. The discovery could lead to the identification of patients at risk for GI-GVHD and personalized treatment strategies.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic discovered a link between the protein Bim and predicting patient responses to immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma. They found that patients with higher levels of Bim were more likely to respond to immunotherapy, offering hope for better treatment outcomes.
Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center are developing engineered T cells to recognize and attack cancer cells. Preliminary data from a clinical trial shows promising results in treating acute myeloid leukemia, with patients experiencing stable disease and significant tumor regression. Next-generation strategies aim to improve ant...