Articles tagged with T Lymphocytes
Researchers at McGill University Health Centre discovered that having excessive T cells can cause harm and imbalance disease tolerance, leading to tissue damage. The study found that a protein called cyclophilin D acts as a key checkpoint for T cell activation, controlling the body's ability to tolerate Mtb infection.
Researchers found distinct MAIT cell populations in human intestinal mucosa, influenced by bacterial metabolites. These cells can modulate local inflammation and tissue healing in the gut.
Researchers have developed an in vitro model of urethral mucosa to visualize the HIV transmission process. The study reveals that infected T cells target epithelial cells above macrophages, leading to viral production and shedding via transcytosis. Macrophages then capture and store the virus, posing a challenge for treatment efforts.
Researchers created a biomimetic surface that simulates antigen-presenting cell features and found that precise ligand spacing is crucial for T-cell triggering. The study sheds light on the role of CD45 exclusion in receptor activation, offering new insights into T-cell stimulation.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati discovered a potential new target to enhance T cell infiltration in solid tumors. Targeting the KCa3.1 potassium channel can restore CD8+ T cell migration, suggesting a new therapy option for solid tumor treatment.
Researchers discovered that baricitinib prevented graft-versus-host disease and even reversed established cases in mouse studies. The drug boosts immune cells to fight cancer while keeping donor T cells from attacking vital organs.
Researchers find gamma delta T cells in fat play a crucial role in regulating body temperature and protecting against cold shock. These immune cells, known as gd T cells, help turn white fat into brown fat to generate heat, leading to potential weight loss therapies for obesity patients.
Bioengineers have developed a remote control method to activate cancer-killing immune cells using a heat-sensitive switch, which can be precisely controlled to target tumors. The technique has shown promise in initial tests in mice with implanted tumors, and could potentially improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy in treating cancer.
Scientists at the University of Waterloo have developed a vaginal implant that decreases the number of cells targeted by the HIV virus, taking advantage of natural immunity. The implant, containing hydroxychloroquine, was tested in an animal model and showed significant reduction in T cell activation.
Scientists have developed a method to efficiently genetically modify T-cells from mice, allowing for targeted gene surgery and potential therapeutic applications. The technique involves using plasmids and CRISPR-Cas9 molecular scissors to introduce specific changes into the cells.
Researchers have developed novel T cell immunotherapies using custom-made receptors called synNotch that can precisely target cancer and autoimmune diseases. The technology has the potential to overcome major hurdles in T cell immunotherapies, leading to more favorable treatment outcomes for patients.
Researchers at WashU Medicine used CRISPR to engineer human T cells that can attack human T cell cancers without succumbing to friendly fire. The new approach also allows for the use of therapeutic T cells from any healthy donor, eliminating the need for a matched donor or patient's own T cells.
Two University of Houston researchers are investigating estrogen's potential as a cause of cervical cancer. Using CPRIT funding, Sanghyuk Chung is examining the role of estrogen receptor alpha in stromal cells surrounding cancer cells, which may lead to a targeted therapy for cervical cancer treatment.
Researchers at FAU have deciphered what causes life-threatening inflammation of the intestines after a stem cell transplant, identifying a protein named BATF as a central switch in donor T-lymphocytes. The discovery may lead to new therapies to influence inflammation and increase patients' chances of survival.
Researchers discovered that a subset of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are susceptible to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. MPNs hijack this pathway to prevent T cells from attacking malignant cells, but mutant JAK2 activation can expose a therapeutic vulnerability.
A study by Penn researchers reveals that the 'Icebreaker' protein TCF-1 plays a crucial role in targeting condensed chromatin and regulating genome sequences in T-cell development. This breakthrough has significant implications for developing new therapies using epigenetic drugs to alter T-cell fate.
The proposed immunological model suggests that diseases such as cancers and infectious diseases may be linked to declining T-cell production with age. Therapies targeting improved T-cell production in the aging immune system could hold promise for treatment options.
Research suggests that an aging immune system may be a stronger reason for age-related cancer risk increase than previously thought. The study found a strong correlation between declining T cell production and increasing cancer incidence in both men and women.
Researchers discovered a protective mechanism in the immune system that shields against recurrent bacterial skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Gamma delta T cells, which account for less than 1% of lymph node cells before infection, multiply and provide protection against subsequent infections.
Researchers found that elevated frequencies of a specific protein-expressing T cell correlate with increased HIV infection risk and more severe disease in women. Existing treatments for inflammatory bowel disease may be repurposed as valuable interventions for HIV.
Researchers have developed a biomaterials-based system that uses soft microfibers to activate and expand T cells, increasing their number by nearly an order of magnitude. This approach simplifies processing compared to existing systems and has the potential to bring new hope to cancer patients for T-cell therapy.
A team of researchers has developed an innovative approach to remotely control genetic processes in live immune T cells, enabling them to recognize and kill cancer cells. The system uses mechanogenetics to convert mechanical signals into genetic control, with potential to increase precision and efficiency in CAR-T cell immunotherapy.
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute have developed an immune-mimicking biomaterial that can amplify patient-specific T cells outside the body, increasing efficiency of cancer immunotherapies. The new approach mimics the process by which antigen-presenting cells stimulate T cells to expand and stay alive.
Scientists used AI technology to create a map of T-cell receptor diversity, discovering that patients with cancer who have a greater variety of receptors may be more likely to respond to immunotherapy. The research suggests that this variation in receptors could be key to improving treatment outcomes
The Kymriah treatment demonstrated long-lasting remissions in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients, with significant durability in responses seen across multiple trials. Durable remission rates were observed among 43% of DLBCL patients in the single-site pilot study and 73% at six months in the global trial.
A study found that a subset of patients with bladder cancer is resistant to checkpoint inhibitors due to the tumor's immune desert microenvironment. Researchers identified a potential therapeutic strategy involving the inhibition of TGF-β activity, which may improve treatment outcomes for these patients.
A team from Technical University of Munich has discovered a 'shut-off switch' in immune cells called PD-1 that prevents T cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The study found that PD-1 can turn off defective T cells at an early stage, preventing them from becoming tumor cells.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a second biological pathway that signals immune cells not to engulf and kill cancer cells. By blocking this newly discovered pathway, combining it with anti-CD47 antibody may enhance the immune system's ability to eradicate many types of cancers.
A clinical trial suggests a new form of gene therapy, targeting CD22, achieved significant remission rates in children and young adults with treatment-resistant B-cell leukemia. The therapy was well-tolerated and showed promise in patients who had previously failed anti-CD19 CAR T-cell treatment.
Researchers have discovered a method to target cancerous T-cells while sparing healthy ones, which are essential to the immune system. This breakthrough could lead to new therapeutic approaches for rare and aggressive T-cell lymphoma, which has been difficult to treat without damaging healthy T-cells.
A new T-cell therapy approach is being tested to help fight active viral infections in children with severe immune deficiencies. The therapy uses 'viral specific' T-cells that are engineered to target three common and potentially toxic viruses: EBV, CMV, and adenovirus.
Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center have engineered a novel way to genetically modify T cells to target and prevent leukemia relapse. The new immunotherapy, relying on engineered T-cell receptors, represents a different method of genetic engineering than CAR T-cell therapies.
Researchers at MIT have developed a synthetic gene circuit that can trigger the immune system to target cancer cells. The circuit is designed to detect two specific cancer markers and only activates a therapeutic response when both are present, offering new pathways for cancer immunotherapy.
CAR T-cell therapy, approved by the FDA, has been shown to double long-term survival rates for patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The treatment, offered at UChicago Medicine, involves reprogramming a patient's immune system to detect and destroy cancer cells.
Scientists at Goethe University Frankfurt reveal how correct molecular passports are selected by cells to avoid autoimmune diseases and cancer. The new discovery sheds light on the quality control of antigens, crucial for effective immune surveillance.
Scientists have developed a new strategy to reengineer patient immune system cells to fight HIV. The approach shows benefit in human cell cultures and mice, with T cells expressing the enhanced CAR protein being over 50 times more effective than those with the original CAR.
Researchers found noroviruses hide in extremely rare gut cells that fail to communicate with T cells, allowing the virus to evade the immune system. The study informs vaccine development and may explain limited effectiveness of current vaccines.
Researchers at NYU School of Medicine discovered that calcium flow into cells controls the activation of genes involved in glucose metabolism, enabling T cells to multiply. The study's findings have implications for autoimmune diseases and may lead to new treatments.
Researchers found that the Ebola virus exploits a protein called Tim-1 in T-cells to spread and cause disease. The study suggests that blocking this protein could lead to effective treatments for Ebola.
Scientists have discovered that the Ebola virus directly interacts with T-cells and specifically Tim-1, triggering a cytokine storm. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of Ebola infection and offers potential targets for therapeutic strategies to reduce the severity of the disease.
Lymphatic vessels play a crucial role in both cancer metastasis and immune therapy. Researchers have discovered that VEGF-C levels in the blood before immunotherapy can predict its effectiveness in melanoma patients, with patients showing strong responses to treatment when VEGF-C levels are high.
Researchers have discovered that STING triggers pro-apoptotic responses in T cells, which may lead to new treatments for T-cell lymphomas. The study also found that delivering a small molecule that activates the STING pathway can prevent the growth of T cell-derived tumors in live animals.
Researchers at Monash University identified a crucial part of PTPN2's role in early T-cell development, which can contribute to the development of autoimmune disease. Decreased levels of this enzyme lead to pro-inflammatory T-cells that damage body tissues.
Researchers found that older CAR-T cells had impaired tumor-killing performance due to low α5β1 integrin levels. Increasing α5β1 integrin expression, known as the Geri-T method, reversed this dysfunction and improved treatment efficacy.
Researchers found that T cells from people with PD responded to alpha-synuclein to a greater degree than those gathered from healthy controls. Four genetic variations were associated with T cell reactivity, and over half of people with PD carried at least one variant.
A new study found that patients with lower immune cell numbers, particularly those with exhausted T cells, benefit most from combination immunotherapy. Researchers developed an assay to measure immune cell populations and predict patient responses.
Researchers found HIV-1 integrates its genetic material into specific immune-cell-activating genes in humans. Digoxin inhibits wild type HIV-1 more than the mutated strain, suggesting a link between T cell activation and targeted integration.
Researchers have discovered a key new mechanism regulating T-cell response to foreign antigens and cancer. LFA-1 on T-cells mediates adhesion to cancer cells, enabling immune-cell rejection of cancer.
A clinical trial of CAR T-cell immunotherapy achieved durable molecular remissions in 71% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who had failed other treatments. Genetic tracing of cancer cells from bone marrow biopsies showed a better predictor of prognosis than standard lymph node scans.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that epigenetic changes cause T cell exhaustion, leading to failed immunotherapies against cancers and viruses like HIV. Treating T cells with decitabine reversed exhaustion, enabling improved treatment efficacy.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have discovered that T-cells in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) are exhausted, leading to reduced responsiveness and secretion of mediators. This finding may help distinguish between different types of IBS and improve diagnosis and treatment options.
A new type of immunotherapy using CAR T cells targeting B-cell maturation protein (BCMA) has shown promising results in treating multiple myeloma, achieving a 100% objective response rate and 94% clinical remission. Most patients experienced mild side effects, with only one case of disease progression among those in complete response.
A new trial combining ibrutinib with personalized cellular therapy CTL119 achieved complete remission in nine out of ten high-risk CLL patients. The treatment showed limited toxicity and improved disease outcomes compared to existing therapies.
A small clinical trial found that three out of four patients treated with a combination of T-cell therapy, avelumab, and either radiation or interferon achieved complete remission. The treatment approach may offer new hope for patients with Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare skin cancer with limited treatment options.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology pinpoint TWEAK as a common driver of skin inflammation in both diseases. The protein plays a major role in inducing pro-inflammatory signaling molecules that recruit immune cells to the skin.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have shown that antibodies to PD-1 and PD-L1 can also prompt immune cells called macrophages to engulf and devour cancer cells, expanding the use of this cancer treatment.
Researchers have unveiled the molecular mechanism of T cell activation, a key step in the immune response. The study used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to probe the interaction between a T cell receptor and an HIV protein, shedding light on the signaling process that triggers an immune response.
Researchers used cutting-edge techniques to capture videos of T cell surface dynamics, revealing microvilli crawl independently in fractal geometry to explore antigen-presenting cells. This efficient search pattern allows T cells to thoroughly sample their environment in just minutes, optimizing immune response.
New research published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology found that smoking decreases frequencies of MAIT cells in healthy individuals and patients with multiple sclerosis. This discovery sheds light on the effects of smoking on the immune system, potentially revealing pathogenic mechanisms contributing to autoimmune diseases.
A UH-led team is developing engineered T cells that can survive within a tumor despite limited nutrients. This innovative approach aims to increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy for cancer patients.