Articles tagged with T Lymphocytes
Scientists at the University of Dundee have mapped how T lymphocytes control expression of over 9,000 proteins in response to infections and tumours. The study reveals critical discoveries on how immune-suppressive drugs work and how oxygen and nutrient environments shape immune responses.
Researchers at Emory University School of Medicine identified CXCR6 and CXCL16 as critical molecules for T cells to travel to and populate the lungs. This discovery could lead to designing adjuvants that recruit CD8 T cells into the airways, potentially reducing symptoms or preventing infection.
Researchers created CAR T cells targeting BAFF-R, a surface marker found on B cells and cancerous B cells. This approach showed promise in killing cancer cells that lack CD19, reducing the risk of relapse in patients with lymphoma.
Researchers are using DNA to build nanoscale devices that can generate, transmit, and sense mechanical forces. These devices have potential uses in drug delivery, nano computers, and nano robots, and could lead to breakthroughs in biomedical research and materials science.
A new study reveals the narrow escape problem, a classic math puzzle, plays a key role in determining immune responses. The unique shape of T cells creates a close-contact zone for triggering molecules, and the size of this zone depends on the surface protrusions, keeping the process sensitive to invaders.
Researchers at EMBL and Medical University of Vienna found B cells play a critical role in triggering inflammation and guiding T cells to melanoma. This discovery suggests that B cells may be more important in immunotherapy than previously thought, potentially leading to new targets for cancer treatment.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have discovered a potential biological marker for early detection of type 1 diabetes using single-cell analysis of immune cells. The discovery could lead to earlier intervention and prevention of the disease, which affects over 1.25 million Americans.
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute researchers have identified a molecular switch that impacts immune responses to viral infections, enabling T cells to distinguish between different viruses and controlling protective antibody production. This discovery could lead to more effective vaccines against previously hard-to-prevent viruses.
Researchers have created a super-stable form of MHC tetramer reagent, enabling faster detection and manipulation of T cells in patients. This breakthrough opens new possibilities for personalized cancer treatment strategies.
A new Stanford study found that stimulating a protective immune cell class, CD8 T cells, may reduce autoimmune disease severity. In a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, injecting mice with peptides recognized by these cells reduced disease severity and killed disease-causing immune cells.
The LRH-1 protein plays a key role in controlling the immune system, and its inhibition may be used to treat inflammatory diseases. Without LRH-1, the body cannot trigger an immune response, leading to increased damage from pathogens.
A team at Technical University of Munich has developed modified T cells using CRISPR-Cas9, which can recognize specific antigens without mixed receptors. These near-natural cells have the same structure but are capable of being genetically modified, making them suitable for cancer therapy and potential solutions to immunotherapy problems.
A new potential therapeutic target has been identified for oesophageal cancer treatment. MAIT cells, a lesser-known type of immune cell, have been found to have potent cancer-killing ability.
Researchers sequenced biopsies from pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and found that they harbored T cells specific to many neoepitopes. The patients' T cells responded to a significant proportion of these neoepitopes, forming hierarchies in their responses.
A study published in eLife found that doublet immune cells are more common than previously thought and play a crucial role in disease progression. The research reveals that these cell complexes can serve as biomarkers for immune perturbations, potentially allowing for early detection of diseases like dengue fever.
Researchers have identified key factors behind the decline of thymus function with age, which affects T cell production. The findings provide a new target for developing treatments to combat infections and cancers in older adults.
A University of Colorado Cancer Center study reveals that combining immunotherapy with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition sensitizes cancers to anti-PD1 therapy. HDAC inhibitors upregulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, presenting antigens to T cells and making them effective against cancer cells.
Researchers have identified CD11c+ dendritic cells as the first immune cells to interact with HIV, making them key drivers of infection. These newly discovered cells can capture viruses and deliver them to CD4 T cells, which are primary targets for HIV replication.
Researchers found that eliminating key gene regulatory factors, such as NR4A and TOX, fortifies T cell attack on melanoma cells, leading to improved tumor rejection and survival. This discovery suggests a potential strategy for extending CAR T-based immunotherapy to solid tumors.
Research suggests DGKζ enzyme plays a role in suppressing runaway inflammation in asthma. The enzyme's deletion in mouse T cells led to reduced inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness, two hallmarks of the disease.
A new study from King's College London found a way to generate protective CD8 T-cells using skin vaccination, which could be used as a vaccine strategy for STIs. The researchers developed a dissolvable 'microneedle' patch that releases the vaccine, attracting immune cells to the genital tissues.
Researchers have discovered that gamma/delta T cells are the specific cells mediating the mouse's defense against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. In a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers identified V gamma 6/Vdelta 4+ gamma/delta T cells as the key players in this response.
Researchers found that autophagy in dendritic cells supports T-cell anticancer activity by regulating receptor CD36. This process enhances the phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells while restricting T-cell activation.
Researchers at Swansea University's Medical School have found that immune cells can re-programme their metabolic pathways to provide energy and building blocks when challenged. This discovery suggests that manipulating metabolism could lead to new therapies for infectious diseases and cancer.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center found that increasing beta cell growth before signs of type 1 diabetes can halt the disease. In animal models, continuous generation of new insulin-producing beta-cells protected against autoimmune reactions.
The CRB-401 phase 1 study of bb2121, a BCMA-targeted CAR T-cell therapy, demonstrated manageable safety and deep and durable responses in heavily pre-treated patients. Treatment resulted in an 85% objective response rate with 73% achieving ≥ VGPR.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens reveals that hepatitis B viral protein HBeAg expands immune cells called MDSCs, impairing antiviral responses. The HBeAg-MDSC-IDO axis is a potential target for developing novel HBV therapeutics.
Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), five individuals experienced extreme immune decline, a rare phenomenon known as EXID, where CD4+ T cell levels declined by an average of 157 cells per microliter. Gene mutations and HIV strain variations may contribute to this paradoxical response.
A research team developed an artificial chemical receptor that effectively facilitates viral binding to T cells, increasing transduction efficiency by up to 80%. The technique is safe and efficient for human primary T cells and shows great potential for clinical engineered T lymphocyte manufacturing.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital and MIT have developed nanobodies that can target the tumor micro-environment, allowing for more effective treatment of solid tumors. The nanobodies were tested in mouse models of melanoma and colon cancer, showing promising results in slowing tumor growth and improving survival rates.
Researchers developed a new machine learning model to describe the dynamics of cell development, estimating selection pressure and formation of new cells. The tool simplifies the interpretation of single-cell time series observations, shedding light on vital questions in biology.
A phase I clinical trial found that a combination of chemotherapy and HER2-targeted CAR T cells is safe and effective in treating advanced sarcoma, with some patients experiencing complete responses. The therapy showed promising antitumor activity and minimal treatment-related toxicities.
Researchers have engineered HBV-specific T cells to treat Hepatocellular carcinoma, a commonly occurring liver cancer. The treatment was individualised and showed promise in reducing tumour size in patients with HBV-related liver cancer.
University of Otago scientists have developed a method to analyze the diversity of immune cells within bowel cancer tumours. This breakthrough could lead to more targeted treatments and improved patient outcomes.
A team from Princeton University used mathematical modeling to explore the relationship between T cell expansion and infectious agent levels. They found that the starting amount of infectious agent and affinity for the cells are key factors in determining the expansion rate. The study suggests a simple underlying mechanism governing th...
Researchers at University of Utah Health have developed a novel treatment that delays the onset of type 1 diabetes in mice and halts the progression of paralysis in multiple sclerosis models. The treatment targets misfunctioning immune cells, leaving normal immune cells intact.
Researchers at the Advanced Science Research Center have identified a mechanism by which metabolites inhibit epigenetic changes in brain-homing immune cells, which play a key role in multiple sclerosis. The discovery could lead to more specific and effective MS therapies.
Researchers at the La Jolla Institute of Immunology have identified Nr4a transcription factors as a key regulator of T cell exhaustion in solid tumors. By deleting these proteins from CAR T cells, mice with tumors showed improved survival and tumor regression, offering new hope for effective cancer immunotherapies.
Researchers engineered T cell receptors that can specifically stick to cells infected with cytomegalovirus, offering a new potential treatment option. These receptors could aid in developing CMV vaccines and target brain tumors.
A new study suggests that coeliac disease permanently replaces 'tissue-healing' T cells with 'pro-inflammatory' T cells in the bowel, causing chronic inflammation and potentially contributing to other intestinal disorders. The research has implications for gut health in affected patients.
Researchers at UNIGE show that human pancreatic cells can be converted to produce insulin in a sustainable way, potentially compensating for lost or dysfunctional cells. The conversion was successful in both diabetic and non-diabetic donors, with modified alpha cells showing improved resistance to autoimmune diabetes.
Harvard engineers create injectable sponge-like gel to enhance T-cell production and diversity after bone marrow transplantation, improving the immune system's ability to fight infections. The device reduces graft-versus-host disease and increases T-cell recovery rates.
Researchers have discovered that immune cells produce brain chemicals like acetylcholine to fight off infections and control chronic virus infections. This breakthrough, published in Science, solves a puzzle scientists have pondered for over a century.
Researchers at Caltech have developed two new methods to determine T cell targets, which are critical for designing personalized treatments for cancers. The methods use a signaling domain attached to MHCs or trogocytosis to identify the correct antigen.
Researchers found that eliminating protein YTHDF1 boosts dendritic cell activity, leading to better immune response against cancer. This discovery opens new avenues for cancer treatment and may lead to effective combination therapies with checkpoint inhibitors or dendritic cell vaccines.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine identified a process that may prevent antibody-mediated rejection in lung transplants. They found that giving immunosuppressive drugs can help the lungs survive and induce growth of lymph node-like structures within the grafts, which contain cells that dampen immune responses.
A new study from Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia shows that leukemia can emerge as a consequence of prolonged precursor cells in the thymus. This blood cancer affects mostly children and is associated with a high risk of developing T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Researchers at MUSC identified targeting Sirt-1 as a promising approach to controlling Graft-VS-Host Disease (GVHD) in patients undergoing bone marrow transplants. This study showed that inhibiting Sirt-1 can suppress T cells leading to GVHD without affecting tumor relapse, offering new hope for improved patient outcomes.
Researchers found that fever enhances T lymphocyte trafficking through heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)-induced α4 integrin activation and signaling in T cells. Fever increased Hsp90 expression, promoting α4 integrin-mediated T cell adhesion and transmigration.
Researchers have discovered a molecular approach to prevent organ rejection while maintaining the ability to fight infections. By blocking coronin 1 in T cells, these immune cells suppress immune response to transplanted organs but continue to control viral and bacterial infections.
Researchers reveal that dendritic cell partnership with CD4 T cells is crucial for disease development in both diseases, offering new insights into treatment options. The study also highlights the importance of targeting multiple pathways to treat patients with these immunological disorders.
Researchers have found that the LAG-3 molecule's major ligand is actually FGL1, not MHC-II as previously believed. This discovery suggests that designing drugs to block MHC-II may be problematic, and caution should be exercised in immunotherapy research.
Researchers use human T cells to create unbreakable encryption keys, solving a problem in mathematical algorithms that relies on one-way functions. The approach is designed to protect against increasingly powerful computers and quantum computing.
Researchers identified gamma delta T cells as a key driver of 'inflamm-aging' in both HIV-infected individuals and the general geriatric population. The study found that targeting these immune cells could potentially reduce the onset and severity of inflammation-related diseases.
The ESMO Immuno-Oncology Congress highlighted promising new technologies for cancer treatment, including multiplex immunohistochemistry and bispecific antibodies. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and neoantigen therapeutics also showed promise in treating a greater proportion of patients with cancer.
Researchers have identified a new type of T cell called phospholipid-reactive T cells that recognize phospholipids, which can stimulate them or prevent glycolipids from reaching the surface of cells. This balance is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in the immune system.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia researchers present updated efficacy and safety data on Kymriah, a personalized CAR T-cell gene immunotherapy for aggressive blood cancers. The therapy achieved an 82% remission rate within three months in patients with relapsed or refractory ALL.
A global clinical trial has shown that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy can lead to long-lasting remissions in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The treatment, known as Kymriah, modified patients' own immune T cells to target cancer cells and achieved high remission rates.
Researchers have identified two patients with a rare natural ability to suppress HIV, shedding light on the potential for a functional cure. Despite high levels of infected T cells, these patients show no measurable viral load in blood tests, raising hopes that long-term viral remission might be possible for more people.
Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center present promising results on CAR T-cell therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. The studies show potential for improved outcomes and increased survival rates for patients with difficult-to-treat blood cancers.