Articles tagged with T Lymphocytes
A new study explores the role of MHC-I variants in SARS CoV-2 infection, finding that certain alleles are better at binding viral fragments and stimulating a strong immune response. This knowledge may help predict individual susceptibility and inform vaccine development.
A study found that gene therapy can create a long-term store of correct T cells in the human thymus, leading to sustained health in patients with SCID-X1. The treatment works by delivering corrected genes into stem cells, which then produce healthy immune cells.
Researchers found that white blood cells quickly change their stiffness and viscosity in response to a threat, increasing up to ten times within minutes. This dramatic change occurs even before shape changes, suggesting an underlying physical mechanism with unique utility for each cell type.
Researchers develop bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies that target cancer cells and stimulate the immune system without removing T-cells. This approach could make personalized treatments more broadly accessible and potentially transform cancer into a chronic disease.
HSE researchers discovered a link between genetic predisposition and severe COVID-19 using machine learning models. The study found that individuals with effective T-cell immunity had lower risk scores, while those with weaker immunity scored higher.
Chronic increases in interleukin (IL)-17A levels in mouse blood reduce microglia activity in the hippocampus, a region crucial for learning and memory. Despite this effect on cognition, spatial memory remains unaffected in mutant mice.
Scientists have identified CD161 as a potential new target for immunotherapy of malignant brain tumors, including glioblastoma. The molecule suppresses the cancer-fighting activity of immune T cells, but blocking its pathway enhances the killing of tumor cells and improves survival rates in animal models.
A research team at Pohang University of Science & Technology has uncovered the mechanism for regulating T cell differentiation via intestinal epithelial cells. This finding highlights the importance of intestinal immune homeostasis and suggests a new role for PD-1 signaling in CD4+ T cell differentiation into intraepithelial lymphocytes.
Researchers at Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation have developed a breast cancer-on-a-chip system to test immunotherapy drugs. The chip enables high-volume testing of immunotherapeutic drugs against tumor cells, allowing for the rapid screening of potential treatments.
Researchers found that patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms have an early induction of IFN-γ secreting SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells, which plays a crucial role in rapid viral control and disease clearance. The study's findings have implications for vaccine design and monitoring.
A new skin-based vaccine delivery method has shown promising results in preclinical studies, generating potent immune responses and superior lung-specific T cells against respiratory illnesses.
Researchers discovered that patients with severe COVID-19 have significantly elevated levels of M-MDSCs in their blood compared to milder cases and healthy individuals. These findings suggest a potential connection between early immune responses and disease severity.
Researchers have found that dendritic cells in young animals are capable of triggering effective immune reactions, challenging the conventional view on their immaturity. These findings suggest new ways to boost the efficacy of vaccines for young children.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Los Angeles have developed a new CAR T therapy that targets solid tumors in children, including neuroblastoma. The modified therapy uses a unique protein called synNotch to selectively kill cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue.
Researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School have designed armoured immune cells that can target hepatocellular carcinoma, a common type of primary liver cancer, without being affected by immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent organ rejection. The T cells remain effective for up to four days before regaining sensitivity to the drugs.
Researchers discovered that gamma-delta T cells require glucose to eliminate tumor cells but consume cholesterol, promoting pro-tumor functions. This dichotomy in energy resources has implications for cancer immunotherapy and diet's impact on its effectiveness.
Researchers at OHSU have discovered that a type of herpes virus may be causing a central nervous system disease in monkeys similar to multiple sclerosis in humans. The study found T cells linked to myelin loss, a critical component of MS, paving the way for potential antiviral therapies.
Researchers developed molecular ON-OFF switches to regulate CAR T cell activity, potentially reducing toxic side effects. The switches use an FDA-approved drug to turn off or on the cells' anti-tumor function.
Researchers developed a new method to study molecular characteristics of T cells, enabling easier analysis of T cell receptors. Using this approach, they discovered that the variety of TCRs in T cells has a weaker influence on functional status in cancer patients.
Researchers found that combining CAR T cells with a proinflammatory environment created by STING pathway activation can improve their ability to attack tumor cells. This approach, combined with therapeutic antibodies, led to the complete eradication of breast tumors in mice.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute discovered that dendritic cells present proteins from dead cells to T-cells by bursting phagosomes, a process involving receptor DNGR-1. This mechanism is fundamental to the immune system and could lead to new ways to exploit natural defenses against infection and cancer.
Researchers at TU Wien have discovered that tiny traction forces on the molecular level are essential for the recognition of antigens by T-cells. This new understanding could lead to a deeper understanding of immune system function and potentially new treatment strategies.
Researchers used bioelectronic stimulation to modulate lymphocyte activation in the spleen, potentially influencing hypertension. The study suggests a non-pharmacological approach to treating high blood pressure.
Researchers found that keeping STAT5 active in CAR T cells improves their persistence and tumor-killing ability. This breakthrough could lead to more effective cancer treatments, but further research is needed.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine reveals that inhibiting protein OCA-B protects mice from type 1 diabetes by limiting immune cell activity. The finding provides a proof-of-principle for OCA-B as a therapeutic target and could lead to further development of treatments.
A high-fat diet impairs immune cell function inside tumors, reducing their antitumor activity. Blocking metabolic rewiring in cancer cells enhances anti-tumor immunity and improves immunotherapies.
Combining CAR T cell therapy with a PAK4 inhibitor improved T cell infiltration and reduced solid tumors in mice. The study found that inhibiting the enzyme PAK4 helped normalize the tumor microenvironment, allowing T cells to attack the tumor more effectively.
Researchers combine machine learning with cell engineering to create living medicines that selectively kill cancer cells while leaving normal tissue unscathed. By analyzing massive databases of proteins, they assemble a catalog of combinations that can precisely target tumors, overcoming the limitations of current treatments.
A novel CAR T-cell therapy has shown promising early results in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. The treatment induced rapid reduction in tumor size, but effects were transient. Researchers are optimistic about the potential of this immunotherapy as a future treatment for solid cancers in children.
A phase 1 trial involving 12 children with relapsed neuroblastoma found CAR T cells effective against tumors without damaging nerve tissue. The treatment showed signs of antitumor immunity in some patients and may be further modified to boost persistence within tumors.
University of Cincinnati researchers discovered that certain immune cells respond to immunotherapy by increasing activity in potassium ion channels, allowing them to more effectively target and kill cancer cells. However, patients who do not respond to treatment lack this increased channel activity.
A recent study by MedUni Vienna dermatologists has discovered that skin-resident and inactive T cells survive chemotherapy and radiotherapy intact and go on to cause inflammation after a stem cell transplant. In some cases, these tissue-resident T cells even prove beneficial to the recipient by assuming their role in immune defense.
A new diagnostic tool has been developed to predict which cancer patients are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy treatments. The tool analyzes the interactions between immune cells and tumor cells, as well as the activation state of immune checkpoints.
Researchers describe a rare case of frosted branch angiitis, a unique presentation of florid retinal vasculitis, in a woman treated for leukemia-lymphoma with allogeneic human stem cell transplant. The condition led to immune activation and required corticosteroids to suppress inflammation.
Researchers found that the CRELD1 gene helps maintain immune function, and its low activity is linked to reduced T cell counts and increased risk of infections. The study aims to slow down immunological aging, potentially reducing illness risk in seniors.
Scientists have discovered that baking soda can reprogram T cells to resist cancer cells' immune-suppressive effects. The treatment has reversed the suppressive effects on T cells in 10 transplant recipients with relapsed AML.
Langerhans cells play a crucial role in preventing acute graft-versus-host disease by inducing the death of immune cells. Researchers at University of Tsukuba found that enhancing B7 protein expression on Langerhans cells could prevent aGVHD development, leading to improved treatments and patient quality of life.
A study published in Communications Biology found that inflammation from high IL-6 levels leads to psoriasis-like dermatitis. Researchers propose targeting IL-6 as a potential approach to preventing the condition.
A new technique developed at Scripps Research isolates tumor-reactive immune cells in just one day, offering a platform for personalized cancer treatments. The method, called FucoID, detects and tags the surface of sought-after immune cells using an enzyme, enabling their detection with fluorescent probes.
A study led by University of Zurich researchers found that the HLA-DR15 gene variant plays a significant role in developing multiple sclerosis. People with this genetic predisposition can develop an immune response against their own brain tissue if infected with certain viruses or bacteria, leading to the disease.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology discovered that even healthy individuals have high numbers of preproinsulin-specific T cells in their pancreas. These cells are believed to be the prime suspects in triggering the autoimmune response that causes type 1 diabetes.
Researchers have found that a virus-mimicking drug can make certain stealthy melanoma tumors visible to the immune system, allowing for better targeting by immunotherapy. The findings open up new possibilities for personalized therapies in hard-to-treat cancers.
Severe COVID-19 cases linked to hyperactivated T cells in lungs, suggesting brake mechanism failure. Protein Foxp3 inhibition may lead to new treatment options.
Researchers discovered that nicotinamide riboside (NR) improves the fitness and function of T lymphocytes, which are vital for attacking tumors. In mouse models of melanoma and colon cancer, NR enhanced anti-tumor activity by improving mitochondrial function and preventing exhaustion.
Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine discovered that IL-21 is critical for the development of effective immune responses to chronic infections in the central nervous system. Injecting IL-21 into cerebrospinal fluid reduced deficiencies in mice with impaired CD4 T-cell production and gene expression related to TRM cells.
A recent study published in Nature Immunology describes the crucial role of neutrophils in boosting the immune response against viral infections. By sacrificing themselves, these cells release essential molecules that help activate specialized T cells to target and destroy infected cells.
A study found MAIT cells enriched in airways of severe COVID-19 patients, strongly activating and associated with poor clinical outcome. Gene expression analyses revealed specific inflammatory proteins linked to mortality.
Researchers have identified a specific receptor in immune cells from psoriatic arthritis patients, suggesting a single cause for the disease. This finding could lead to developing targeted treatments and offers new insights into the intricate mechanisms behind psoriatic arthritis.
A study led by Avery Posey reveals the presence of CD19, a B cell molecule targeted by CAR T cell immunotherapy, in brain cells that protect the blood-brain barrier. This finding may be linked to neurotoxicity in patients undergoing CD19-directed CAR T cell therapy.
T cells play a crucial role in immune response and cancer treatment. Researchers have identified key factors influencing T cell development, which can impact the body's ability to control infections or tumor growth.
Research suggests that robust T-cell responses are key to durable protection against coronaviruses, rather than short-lived antibody responses. Long-lasting T-cells can provide years of immunity and may prevent adverse reactions such as antibody-dependent enhancement.
Researchers found that mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells were reduced in the blood of severe COVID-19 patients but increased in their airways. Highly activated MAIT and iNKT cells were associated with better outcomes, suggesting a beneficial role during severe COVID-19.
A new study found that tumor cells outcompete T cells for the amino acid methionine, impairing its function. Supplementing methionine can restore T cell function, suggesting a potential target for immunotherapy against more cancers.
Researchers found comparable immune reactions in clinical follow-up of recovered and seriously ill Covid-19 patients. A strong T-cell and antibody response was detected in both mild and critically ill patients, but did not guarantee recovery.
Researchers have designed new hydrogels that can mimic the environment of lymph nodes, where T-cells proliferate and multiply. The hydrogels are made from polyethylene glycol and heparin, allowing them to anchor cytokines and promote cell migration and proliferation.
Researchers describe various approaches to treating SARS-CoV-2 infection, including immunotherapy and suppression of excessive immune system reaction. Several drugs have shown promise in slowing down the spread of the virus, but no single optimal algorithm has been found yet.
Researchers developed a prognostic tool that identifies immune cell interactions with tumour cells and reports on immune-checkpoint activation status. The tool predicts which cancer patients are most likely to benefit from checkpoint inhibitor therapy, allowing clinicians to tailor treatments specifically to patients.
A team of researchers from the University of Melbourne has identified new mediators of immune exhaustion that may be targeted in therapies for cancer and severe viral infections. T cells can lose function within just a few days of severe infection, contrary to previous thought that it takes longer.
Dr. Sanjana's research uses high-throughput genome engineering technologies to identify genes that can boost the effectiveness of CAR T-cell therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The project aims to overcome immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer and potentially lead to improved immunotherapies.
Researchers discovered that tumour T cells produce immunosuppressive steroids to evade the immune system, reducing tumour growth in mice. Preventing steroid production using a key gene or drug significantly slowed tumour formation and progression, suggesting new drug targets for cancer immunotherapy.