Articles tagged with Skin Cells
Scientists at Northwestern University found that HIV can penetrate female genital tissue by moving quickly between skin cells, allowing the virus to reach immune cells. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption that the female genital tract is an efficient barrier to viral penetration.
HIV can infect immune cells in a woman's vaginal tract through the skin, not just through breaks or lesions. The virus penetrates healthy genital skin to reach its targets within four hours.
Researchers created a model that explains how genes are turned on and off by analyzing DNA sequences and transcription factor interactions. The study found that simple rules govern gene expression patterns, accounting for 65% of variation between cells.
Researchers found that stress activates immune cells, which initiate and perpetuate skin diseases. Blocking specific proteins prevented the increase in white blood cells, suggesting a key role for ICAM-1/LFA-1 interactions.
Scientists at Karolinska Institutet discovered skin stem cells can divide actively and transport themselves through skin tissue, contradicting previous assumptions. The study's findings also suggest a link between hedgehog signaling and the development of basal cell carcinoma, the most common form of skin cancer.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have transformed human skin cells into insulin-producing cells using pluripotent stem cell technology. This breakthrough may lead to new treatments or even a cure for the millions of people affected by diabetes.
Researchers at Monell Chemical Senses Center have discovered a unique scent associated with basal cell carcinoma, the most common form of skin cancer. By analyzing volatile organic compounds in the air above skin lesions, they found distinct profiles that could potentially be used to screen for and diagnose skin cancers at early stages.
Scientists at Harvard University have successfully created human stem cells from the skin cells of elderly ALS patients, paving the way for potential treatments. The breakthrough uses induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to differentiate into motor neurons, which can be studied in a lab dish to understand the disease process.
A supercomputer was used to explore the biochemical landscape and find memory switches. Researchers found nearly 4,500 reaction topologies that demonstrate switching behavior, revealing a comprehensive map of biochemical switches.
Researchers discovered a molecular alarm system in the skin that detects defects and triggers an immune response, leading to potentially harmful effects. The study found that genetic abnormalities in the skin can lead to an overproduction of white blood cells, which can be life-threatening.
Researchers found that transplanted subcutaneous fat into mice visceral cavity showed improved blood sugar and insulin levels, while visceral fat had detrimental effects. The findings suggest fat cells in different depots have intrinsically different properties.
Researchers found that mice can sense oxygen levels in the environment and stimulate kidney production of erythropoietin when oxygen concentrations drop. The study suggests that the skin plays a major role in sensing oxygen and could lead to new treatments for anemia and diseases affecting red blood cell counts.
Biologists at UC San Diego have found that mouse skin responds to low oxygen levels by regulating EPO production, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell creation. This discovery could revolutionize treatment for anemia and improve endurance athlete performance.
Researchers successfully transplanted dopamine-producing neurons from reprogrammed skin cells into adult rat brains, reducing behavioral symptoms related to low dopamine levels. The study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of reprogrammed cells in treating Parkinson's disease.
Researchers at Rockefeller University discovered a tiny RNA molecule that helps skin cells form a protective barrier. MicroRNA-203 plays a crucial role in regulating genes outside the cell's nucleus, specifically suppressing the activity of p63 to prevent stem cells from proliferating excessively.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have identified a crucial signaling molecule, BMP6, that maintains cross-talk between skin cells controlling hair growth. This finding suggests that dermal papilla cells receive signals from their microenvironment to regulate key genes and features.
UCLA stem cell scientists have successfully reprogrammed human skin cells into embryonic stem cells without using embryos or eggs. This breakthrough uses genetic alteration to turn back the clock on human skin cells and create cells nearly identical to human embryonic stem cells, which can become every cell type in the human body.
Research from the University of Bristol shows that osteopontin is a key gene in scarring, and suppressing its activity can speed up wound healing and reduce scarring. The study's findings have major implications for treating wounds, organ tissue damage, and fibrosis.
Scientists at Boston Children's Hospital have created a new technology that uses magnetic fields to control cellular signaling, mimicking the binding of drugs or hormones. This innovation has the potential to lead to finely-tuned but noninvasive treatments for various diseases.
Advances in genome sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphisms have revealed the vast differences in human DNA, enabling researchers to identify disease-related genes and risk factors. The study also highlights the potential of 'copy number variants' and induced pluripotent stem cells to improve our understanding of genetic activity.
Researchers developed a new wound dressing using hair follicular cells that increased wound closure rates by two times compared to control subjects. The technique provides an effective biodressing that maintains structural strength during healing, promising early-stage wound healing improvements.
Researchers from EMBL have visualized proteins responsible for cell-cell contacts for the first time, revealing the molecular organization of skin. The technique, called cryo-electron tomography, allows for the first 3D image of human skin at molecular resolution.
Researchers discovered a promising new agent, CP-31398, that restores mutant p53 tumor suppressor function and inhibits skin cancer growth in mice exposed to UVB light. The findings suggest potential for this approach as a sunscreen component for preventing and treating UV light-induced skin cancers.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have reversed the effects of aging on the skin of mice by blocking the action of a single critical protein, NF-kappa-B. The study's findings suggest that genetic changes contributing to aging can be reversed even late in life.
Researchers have discovered a way to transform adult human skin cells into cells resembling embryonic stem cells, which can differentiate into various tissue types. The converted cells display physical and genetic features similar to those found in embryonic stem cells.
A team of University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers successfully reprogrammed human skin cells into cells indistinguishable from embryonic stem cells. This breakthrough could revolutionize the field of stem cell biology and provide a new source of stem cells for medical research.
A study found that skin cooling during laser treatment increased the risk of hyperpigmentation in dark-skinned individuals. The cooled sides were three times more likely to become hyperpigmented than the uncooled sides, according to a report published in Archives of Dermatology.
UCSF researchers have developed a new method to generate embryonic stem cells, eliminating the need for a foreign 'drug resistance' gene. This breakthrough accelerates research on disease development and patient-specific therapies.
Researchers found that acid reflux disease can lead to Barrett's esophagus, a condition where normal skin-like cells turn into tougher, more acid-resistant cells. This transformation may increase the risk of cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
Researchers found that green tea slowed skin cell growth and regulated genes involved in skin cell life cycles, potentially treating psoriasis and dandruff. However, more human studies are needed to determine the full effects of this treatment.
Researchers at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and UNIVET have developed an artificial canine skin model that replicates the characteristics of dog's skin. The model allows for study of skin biology and pathology without using live animals, providing an alternative to traditional research methods.
Researchers at Salk Institute discovered a 2-step mechanism for cilia to agree on direction, enabling directional fluid flow. Cilia refinement phase ensures coordinated movement of up to 200 cilia per cell.
A commonly used anti-aging compound has been found to cause a pathological reaction in skin cells, slowing down cell division and inducing the death of fibroblasts. Researchers are now urging caution and calling for more research into the compound's pharmacological and toxicological effects.
Researchers successfully produced neurons in vitro using stem cells from adult human skin, a breakthrough that could lead to revolutionary advances in treating neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's. The method used involves extracting neuron precursor cells from skin samples and cultivating them in an appropriate environment.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have successfully cloned mice from adult skin stem cells using nuclear transfer, with a success rate of 19 out of 100 attempts. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of personalized embryonic stem cell lines for disease research and treatment.
Researchers at UC Berkeley discovered a synthetic peptide that prevents the genital warts virus from infecting cells. The peptide targets the viral E2 protein, which binds to chromosomal proteins, and blocks its action, potentially stopping the spread of the virus and preventing cancer.
Researchers have developed a new 3D scaffold made of protein nanofibers that can support the growth and differentiation of stem cells. The scaffold provides a more accurate representation of the natural context of cells in tissues and organs, and has the potential to replace traditional Petri dishes for growing cells.
A new study suggests that hyaluronate application may reverse skin atrophy, which is more common in older individuals due to the gradual loss of epidermis and dermis. The study found that hyaluronate fragments restore skin thickness and suggest a potential therapeutic approach for this condition.
A study published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry found that signal protein Srcasm can block tumor-promoting molecules in skin cells, potentially leading to targeted gene therapy for certain cancers. By increasing Srcasm levels, researchers may be able to reverse uncontrolled cell growth caused by activated Src kinases.
Researchers have identified Tcf3, a transcription factor that regulates skin stem cells, as a key repressor switch. Activating this gene can prevent skin stem cells from maturing into adult skin cells, potentially providing insights for lab-grown stem cells and therapies.
Researchers from MBL found anatomical evidence of a 'hidden communication channel' in squid skin, which remains masked during camouflage. The study suggests that squid may use polarized signals to convey information about their surroundings, including the presence of predators or other squid.
Researchers at OHSU discovered that the over-expression of Smad7 causes epidermal stem cells to shift from producing hair follicles to sebaceous glands in aged skin. This finding provides a potential therapeutic approach for treating hair loss, oily skin, and certain cancers.
Researchers identified three proteins that determine an individual's hair pattern during embryonic development. They also found that hyperactivating one of these proteins in mice led to abnormal fur growth, providing insights into male-pattern baldness and ectodermal dysplasia.
Scientists studying the brains of flies, moths, and cuttlefish have made discoveries about the mechanics of how the brain regulates behavior. Researchers have identified specific brain chemicals and regions that allow for rapid color changes in cuttlefish, similar to the human motor cortex.
Researchers discovered that specialized skin cells direct embryonic patterning and wound healing by sending vital location cues to their neighbors. This finding has implications for regenerating certain parts of the body and understanding metastatic cancer.
Researchers are developing drugs called Allergen Delivery Inhibitors (ADIs) to stop allergens from entering the body. These ADIs promise to be significantly better than current treatments, which only ease symptoms rather than preventing allergic reactions.
Activation of EGFR stimulates AMP production, enhancing skin's antibacterial defense against Staphylococcus aureus. Wounding alone activates defense mechanisms to prevent microbial growth and related skin infections.
A team of researchers discovered that CYLD has a second role in controlling tumor growth by modifying the cancer-promoting protein Bcl-3. Mice lacking CYLD developed significantly more and larger skin tumors than normal mice, suggesting that CYLD plays a crucial role as a tumor suppressor.
A study published in Nature sheds light on how the body repairs wounds, revealing that a 'scaffolding' protein plays a crucial role in signaling proteins that lead to new protein manufacture and cell growth. Additionally, research in Genes and Development reveals a novel role for this protein in promoting hair follicle growth.
Researchers discover interaction between PAI-2 and Rb family proteins, linked to cell differentiation, cancer prognosis, and inflammation on the surface of the eye. The study may provide new insights into molecular mechanisms of PAI-2 expression in human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells.
A new study suggests that a defective skin barrier can trigger immune reactions and lead to conditions like psoriasis and eczema. By creating a temporary artificial barrier, researchers hope to break the cycle of inflammation and find more effective treatments.
Researchers used a non-invasive imaging system to detect pigment changes and test the efficacy of topical N-acetyl glucosamine in reducing hyperpigmentation. The study found that N-acetyl glucosamine was more effective than placebo and, when combined with niacinamide, showed significant reductions in facial hyperpigmented spots.
Researchers have found that the number of senescent cells increases exponentially with age, with TIF-positive cells making up about 4% of connective tissue in young monkeys and 20% in older ones. The study confirms the importance of telomeres in aging and suggests a strong link between aging cells and body.
Scientists identify Langerhans cell precursor cells and protein Csf-1 essential for their transformation. This discovery may lead to new therapies for patients with Langerhans histocytosis, a rare disease affecting approximately 200,000 children annually.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute have concluded that cloned and fertilization-derived stem cells are indistinguishable, with similar gene-expression profiles. This breakthrough paves the way for individualized cellular therapies for treating certain disorders.
Researchers found that Langerhans cells in the skin inhibit or modulate immune responses, not just alerting the system to pathogens. This new understanding could lead to a better understanding of chronic inflammatory conditions like lupus and psoriasis.
Researchers discovered that nicotinic acid activates GPR109A on fat cells to lower lipid levels, but on immune cells in the skin, it triggers flushing responses. This study supports the hypothesis that immune cells are a primary source of arachidonic acid and prostaglandins causing hot flashes.
Researchers have developed a new tissue-engineered vessel made from the patient's own cells, which can replace synthetic grafts used in coronary bypass surgeries. The first human trial showed promising results, with no failures noted during the first five months of use.
Researchers have discovered that red hair pigment produces more damaging compounds when exposed to sunlight, increasing the risk of skin cancer. A new topical lotion has also been developed, using a natural protein to repair DNA damage in skin cells.
Researchers have developed a bank of fetal skin cells that can provide burned patients with high-quality skin substitutes, closing wounds in just over two weeks. The technique has great potential for tissue engineering and could simplify the surgical process.