Articles tagged with Comparative Genomics
Researchers have identified genetic relationships among all known Hawaiian honeycreeper species, providing insights into biodiversity loss and conservation priorities. The study reveals that most species originated during a rapid diversification event around 2.5-3.5 million years ago.
The partnership aims to develop genomic tools addressing large-scale problems in health and the environment, combining research strengths across UC San Diego's departments. The collaboration will accelerate discovery and drive real-world impact, leveraging CRISPR technology and microbiome-editing tools.
Researchers have identified a widespread source of error in a popular genome study method and created a machine-learning tool to correct it. PATTY uses machine learning to reduce artifacts while preserving real signals in noisy data, giving researchers a clearer view of gene activity control.
A new study has identified 50 previously unknown subfamilies of myosin genes that drive subtle differences in muscle function among various animal species. The findings suggest that the evolution of animals is not solely driven by external appearance, but also by factors nested beneath the surface.
Researchers propose that natural hallucinogens evolved to serve ecological functions such as defense, communication, and stress response. By modulating serotonin signaling pathways, these compounds can influence behavior in other species.
A study by IRB Barcelona and BSC suggests that the origin of complex cells was a longer, more gradual process than previously thought. The researchers identified signals from bacterial groups and giant viruses that may have facilitated gene exchange, contributing to the complexity of eukaryotic cells.
A landmark study has identified over 100 ancestry-independent regions of the genome that influence schizophrenia risk in African Americans and other ancestrally diverse populations. The findings address a long-standing gap in psychiatric genetics and offer a more inclusive view of the disease’s biological underpinnings.
Researchers at Arizona State University introduce powerful tools to analyze microbial family trees and biological data, strengthening microbiome research, disease tracking and environmental monitoring. The new software library scikit-bio provides a foundation for analyzing large biological datasets.
A new study published in Cell found that relying on stand-in reference DNA from similar but different species can significantly distort research findings for vulnerable species. Using the wrong genome can miss up to a third of genetic variations and lead to misleading conservation decisions.
Researchers identify two human brain genes that contribute to brain size and synapse signaling in zebrafish, providing a roadmap for discovering more genes. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding language disorders and autism.
Researchers found that a single synonymous mutation in a gene drives cucumber elongation by altering RNA structure and function. This breakthrough has significant implications for crop breeding programs and may lead to the development of precision-crop improvement techniques.
A new study found that mammals with bigger brains and more complex immune systems tend to live longer. The research suggests that the immune system plays a major role in driving the evolution of longer lifespans across mammals, removing aging and damaged cells, controlling infections, and preventing tumor formation.
Researchers have discovered that secretoglobins, a protein family thought to be exclusive to mammals, are also found in turtles, crocodilians, lizards, and birds. The study suggests that these proteins evolved earlier than dinosaurs and share a basic function not yet discovered.
A team of researchers has comprehensively predicted the location of non-B DNA structures in great apes using newly available telomere-to-telomere genomes. The study suggests that non-B DNA is enriched in these segments and may play a role in genetic diseases and cancer, with potential new functions discovered.
William Murphy, a genomicist at Texas A&M University, was named the 2025 SEC Professor of the Year. He studies genome structure, function and evolution to understand genetic basis of species traits and diseases.
Researchers have created the world's largest freely-available resource of human gut cells, mapping 1.6 million cells to identify new ways to treat disease. The study highlights a specific gut cell type involved in inflammation, potentially leading to new targets for IBD treatment and bowel cancer prevention.
Researchers sequenced genomes of 179 wild-caught flies and museum specimens, producing low-cost, high-quality DNA sequences. The new data helps refine our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among 360 species in the Drosophilidae family.
Researchers analyzed genome of Oikopleura dioica, finding it has wildly different languages despite identical physical characteristics. The 'scrambling' phenomenon suggests genes are regulated differently, challenging assumptions about species identity.
Researchers from the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History analyzed a 160-year-old woolly dog pelt to determine its genetic makeup. The study found that woolly dogs diverged from other breeds up to 5,000 years ago and were genetically similar to pre-colonial dogs from Newfoundland and British Columbia.
The study reveals that CENP-E binds to protein complexes, forming a scaffold for the fibrous corona's development. This discovery sheds light on errors during cell division and could contribute to cancer treatment strategies.
A new study has found that bats' extraordinary ability to host and survive infections may be linked to their low cancer rates. Researchers sequenced the genomes of two bat species and compared them to other mammals, discovering genetic adaptations that allow bats to tolerate viral infections.
Professor Coppedè's appointment aims to enhance the journal's focus on cutting-edge genomics research, covering topics like genome sequencing and functional genomics. He will lead Current Genomics to greater success by staying at the forefront of genomics discoveries and advancements.
Researchers confirm Bachman's warbler as a distinct species by sequencing its genome from museum specimens. The study reveals a new candidate gene involved in feather pigmentation in the group. Comparing the genomes of the extinct warbler with living sister species highlights the crucial role of museum collections in science.
The study reveals that mammals diversified before the K-Pg extinction, driven by continental drifting and stability following the mass extinction. This led to the rich diversity of mammal lineages, including carnivores, primates, and hoofed animals.
Researchers have analyzed DNA samples from over 50 institutions, including Balto at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, to shed light on extraordinary feats in mammals. The study has identified unchanged DNA across millions of years of evolution and pinpointed genetic variants associated with rare human diseases.
The study of Balto's genome provides new insights into the genetics of working dogs, revealing they were more genetically diverse and healthier than modern breeds. The analysis also identified beneficial adaptations in genes related to physical traits such as weight and skin thickness.
Two contagious cancers, devil facial tumour 1 (DFT1) and 2 (DFT2), affecting Tasmanian devils have been tracked to understand their origins and evolution. Researchers found DFT2 is a faster-growing cancer with rapid mutations, posing a significant threat to the species.
Researchers at Rice University's Center for Theoretical Biological Physics discovered Aedes aegypti's chromosomes have a unique 'liquid crystal' structure, unlike other species. This finding may provide insights into the functioning of genomes and gene regulation.
Researchers analyzed COX-2 levels and segmental chromosome aberrations in pediatric neuroblastoma tumor samples. Positive correlations between pre-CT Ch 7q gain and COX-2 expression were found, as well as negative correlations between Ch 7q gain and Ch 11q deletion.
Researchers discovered how electric fish evolved electric organs by modifying a sodium channel gene. The finding highlights the potential for this genetic mechanism to contribute to human diseases. By studying electric fish, scientists can gain a better understanding of evolutionary processes and their applications in human health.
The Earth BioGenome Project aims to sequence all eukaryotic life, with 9,400 taxonomic families expected to be completed by 2023. The project's progress has sparked excitement for its potential to prevent biodiversity loss and adapt food crops to climate change.
Researchers have identified genes associated with spinach's resistance to downy mildew and its levels of oxalates. The findings could help breeders produce disease-resistant varieties with more consumer appeal, improving spinach's market prospects.
A study published in PLOS Computational Biology found that rodents have a greater diversity and accelerated rate of evolution in the ACE2 receptors used by SARS viruses. This suggests that some rodent species may be asymptomatic carriers of SARS-like coronaviruses, potentially leading to new pathogen transmission to humans.
A new analysis platform developed by Ohio State University scientists combines genetics and phytochemical data to improve the health benefits of apples. The platform has potential to reduce breeding time and enable data-driven assessments of how to boost apple nutrition.
Genetic resequencing reveals Sudanese Kordofan melon as closest relative to domesticated watermelon, potentially a precursor. Pulp bitterness and sweetness likely altered over time through artificial selection.
A new short Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (CGH) method enables comprehensive analysis of all chromosomes and detection of chromosomal anomalies. The technique, developed by Mariona Rius, has shown an implantation rate of 60%, successfully resulting in a pregnancy for a woman with two chromosomal translocations.