Articles tagged with Diploids
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An international team of evolutionary biologists investigated the genomic underpinnings of plant adaptation to cold environments. The study found that polyploids exhibit genomic structural variants with signals for possible local adaptation more frequently than diploid species.
A noncoding gene has been identified as the deciding factor in determining sex in Argentine ants, with a specific genomic region being crucial to this process. The gene does not encode a protein but rather produces an RNA that influences sex determination.
The study confirms the presence of four distinct subgenomes in woody bamboos, with the C subgenome dominating two tetraploid lineages. The hexaploid lineage exhibits a dynamic shift in dominance from C to A subgenomes, contributing to evolutionary traits and forest habitat adaptation.
A new study reveals that autophagy plays a crucial role in the gradual loss of DNA content in diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells undergoing chronological aging. The researchers found that only diploids survived, and autophagy induction was responsible for the DNA loss.
The Human Pangenome Reference Consortium expands and updates the human genome project with nearly full genomic data from 47 people of diverse ancestry. Researchers at UW Medicine made significant contributions to drafting the pangenome reference and studying variation within repetitive DNA, which could improve equity in human genome re...
Researchers have identified distinct senescence subpopulations and dynamic changes in the transcriptome of human cells undergoing senescence. The study provides new understanding of the heterogeneous nature of senescence and its impact on aging diseases.
Researchers found that Marchantia liverworts completely inactivate paternal genes in embryos, ensuring proper development. The mechanism involves Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 and maintains haploid dosage despite the short diploid phase.
Researchers from OIST developed a PCR test that detects nine sex-determining genes in Okinawa mozuku germlings, enabling the identification of male and female haploid and diploid stages. This allows for crossbreeding to create heat-tolerant strains, improving yields and addressing issues with detachment and contamination.
Scientists create novel germplasm by introgressing B. rapa genome into B. juncea and demonstrate increased genetic diversity and phenotypic variation among the introgression lines. This strategy provides a new method to expand genetic variation in Brassica species.
A team of researchers discovered that KNOX and BELL transcription factors evolved to activate zygotes in plants, later shifting their role to maintain organ development in land plants. The study used the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha as a model organism.
Research at Washington University in St. Louis reveals that white clover's chemical defense against insect pests comes from both of its parental species, not just one as previously thought. The plant's ecological success can be attributed to this cyanogenesis process.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have identified genetic dependencies in tumors that have undergone whole genome doubling. The study found that WGD tumor cells possess unique vulnerabilities that can be targeted by new therapeutics.
Scientists have identified a novel R gene in a diploid wild potato that confers high resistance to the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, the causative agent of late blight. This discovery provides new resources for breeding improved potato varieties and offers insights into the mechanisms underlying plant immunity.
A recent study published in Nature Genetics reveals the intricate evolutionary history of cultivated strawberries, which originated from the hybridization of four diploid species native to Europe, Asia, and North America. The octoploid strawberry genome analysis has identified genes controlling fruit quality traits and disease resistan...
Researchers found that diploids, with two copies of the genome, evolve more slowly than haploids, which have only one copy. The team also discovered that beneficial mutations in diploids look different from those in haploids.
Researchers are struggling to develop better varieties of crops like coffee and bananas due to the complexity of their multiple chromosomes. A $47,000 grant is funding an international meeting to collaborate and compare findings on polyploid crops.
Research reveals that stingless bee queens rearing high rates of diploid males are sacrificed in up to 20 days, threatening the colony's survival. The emergence of these male bees with both paternal and maternal genetic material leads to reduced reproductive chances for the colony.
Researchers at CNIO have developed a way to stabilize haploidy in animal cells, overcoming the issue of quick loss of genetic stability. By removing the p53 tumor suppressor gene, the group increases the survival rate of these cells, thereby stabilizing their haploid state.
Researchers at UNH have created a linkage map of Fragaria iinumae, a wild ancestor of the cultivated strawberry. This breakthrough provides a valuable resource for assembly of a reference genomic sequence, which will aid in breeding for desirable traits such as fruit quality and disease resistance.
Researchers from BGI Shenzhen assembled a 5.15 Gb genome with a haplotype N50 of 484 kb, providing exhaustive variants information and novel sequences/genes. This achievement enables the development of new sequencing and assembly techniques for complex genomes.
Researchers found that Candida lusitaniae fuses its mating and meiosis programs, expressing genes associated with both processes during each. This 'coupling' offers the yeast an efficient way to split diploid products of mating, maintaining its haploid lifestyle. The discovery challenges understanding of fungal reproduction and evolution.
Researchers identified a gene that regulates plant life cycle transition, providing insights into complex diploid body evolution. This discovery could lead to the development of apomixis, a technique for producing high-yielding hybrid crops more easily and cheaply.
USDA scientists have discovered a previously unknown population of American elms that carry genes for resistance to Dutch elm disease. The diploid trees were found in the wild and may hold the key to combating the disease, which has killed millions of trees since its arrival in the US in 1931.
Researchers have successfully cloned plants as seeds, paving the way for hybrid crop plants that can breed true. The breakthrough uses a process called apomixis, where eggs and sperm are haploid, allowing diploid eggs to be produced without sexual recombination.
Researchers found that inbred bumblebee colonies suffer from decreased growth rates, lower offspring production, and reduced colony survival. The presence of diploid males, produced at the expense of female workers, has a detrimental effect on colony fitness.
Men who undergo vasectomy reversal have a significantly higher rate of chromosomal abnormalities in their sperm compared to fertile men. The study found that the duration of obstruction and time interval after reversal are associated with increased abnormality rates, raising concerns about potential long-term effects on fertility.
A recent study has identified over 100 yeast genes that provide protection against radiation, revealing new insights into human genetic resistance to environmental stressors. The findings also suggest potential targets for the development of more effective anti-cancer drugs.