Cocaine: Perceived as a reward by the brain?
Researchers find cocaine activates dopamine release in striatum, associated with increased addiction risk; potential target for treatment against addiction
Dopamine
Articles tagged with Dopamine
Combination of genetic and environmental 'hits' required for Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease is characterized by selective loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, with elevated cytosolic dopamine and calcium levels contributing to cell death. Genetic and environmental 'hits' are required for PD pathology, suggesting multiple therapeutic targets should be considered
Parkinson's: Neurons destroyed by 3 simultaneous strikes
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center found that dopamine, a calcium channel, and alpha-synuclein act together to kill brain cells in Parkinson's disease. The discovery gives hope for saving neurons and stopping the progression of the disease by targeting just one of the three factors.
Brain works best when cells keep right rhythms, new Stanford studies suggest
Researchers found that precisely tuning oscillation frequencies of certain neurons can affect how the brain processes information and implements feelings of reward. The study suggests that parvalbumin neurons play a crucial role in generating gamma brain waves, which enhance information flow among different cell types.
Throwing the micro switch: MicroRNA may link smoking risk gene to neurobiology of addiction
A study found that microRNA miR-504 regulates the expression of the dopamine D1 receptor gene, increasing the risk of nicotine dependence. The research suggests a potential link between smoking risk genes and neurobiology of addiction.
Parkinson's disease medication triggers destructive behaviors
A new study at the Mayo Clinic found that one in six patients taking therapeutic doses of dopamine agonist medications for Parkinson's disease developed new-onset compulsive gambling or hypersexuality. Researchers analyzed medical records of patients and found no such cases in those taking low doses or other treatments.
Big belly and obesity linked to increased risk of restless legs syndrome
A new study found that men and women with a BMI score over 30 were nearly one-and-a-half times more likely to have RLS than those who were not obese. Additionally, people with the top 20% of waist circumference were more than one-and-a-half times more likely to have RLS than those in the bottom 20%
Phasic firing of dopamine neurons is key to brain's prediction of rewards
Researchers found that dopamine neuron bursting activity is crucial for learning rewarding outcomes. The study suggests that the NMDA receptor plays a key role in regulating burst firing in dopamine neurons.
SourceUniversity of Texas at San Antonio·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateApr 3, 2009
UT Southwestern researchers reveal how the brain processes important information
Researchers found that dopamine causes certain brain cells to become more flexible and changes brain-cell circuitry to process important information differently than mundane information. This can help improve learning, particularly in remembering salient events.
UCI researchers find new way to fight cocaine addiction
Researchers at UCI found that blocking melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) in the brain's pleasure center limits cocaine cravings. MCH works with dopamine to create an addictive response to cocaine use. By targeting MCH, new treatments may help break addiction to cocaine and possibly other drugs.
SourceUniversity of California - Irvine·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateApr 1, 2009
Drug being used to improve cognition affects dopamine, suggesting potential for abuse
A study found that modafinil increases dopamine levels in the brain and blocks dopamine transporters, raising concerns about its potential for abuse. The drug's effects on dopamine may be linked to its therapeutic actions.
Parkinson's disease treatment strategies appear to have similar long-term effects on disability
Patients with early Parkinson's disease show similar overall levels of disability after six years of levodopa or dopamine agonist treatment. Persistent differences are seen in motor symptoms, fluid build-up, and sleepiness.
Addiction: Insights from Parkinson's disease
Researchers at McGill University found that Parkinson's patients who develop addictions have elevated dopamine levels, promoting addictive behaviours. Adjusting medication dosage resolved symptoms, suggesting hereditary factors contribute to addiction vulnerability.
'Neurological work-arounds' offer hope to people with monoamine-related disorders
Researchers have identified a way for the brain to compensate for problems with neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, opening up new treatment options for addiction, depression, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. The discovery was made using fruit flies with a genetic mutation that disrupted monoamine neurotransmitter rel...
Risk takers, drug abusers driven by decreased ability to process dopamine
Researchers found that individuals with a higher novelty-seeking personality trait have decreased dopamine autoreceptor availability, making them more responsive to novel and rewarding experiences. This may contribute to the development of drug abuse and other unsafe behaviors.
Reward-stress link points to new targets for treating addiction
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have discovered a functional link between the brain's reward and stress signaling circuits. Dopamine, the chief reward signal, works through corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) to increase activity in a brain region involved in addiction relapse.
Sugar can be addictive, Princeton scientist says
A Princeton University scientist has demonstrated that sugar can be an addictive substance, with lab animals showing signs of craving and relapse. The study suggests that bingeing on sugar can lead to long-lasting effects in the brain and increased motivation for other substances of abuse.
Jefferson researchers define ideal time for stem cell collection for Parkinson's disease therapy
Researchers have identified a stage during dopamine neuron differentiation that may be an ideal time to collect human embryonic stem cells for transplantation to treat Parkinson's disease. Lmx1a-positive cells with TrkB surface marker can be selected using magnetic-activated cell sorting or fluorescence-activated cell sorting.
Light triggers a new code for brain cells
Researchers at University of California, San Diego identify cells responding to illumination by producing dopamine, a chemical message controlling pigmentation in tadpoles. This finding suggests that stimulating specific neural circuits could selectively alter brain chemistry to remedy low levels of neurotransmitters underlying human a...
Obesity, abnormal 'reward circuitry' in brain linked by imaging studies
Researchers found that women with decreased striatal activation in response to receiving milkshakes were more likely to gain weight over time. The study, which used brain imaging and genetic data, suggests that certain biological factors may impact one's risk for weight gain.
Brain signals less satisfaction for obese people, research shows
A new study by Eric Stice found obese people exhibit blunted reward responses in the brain's striatum, leading to increased unhealthy weight gain. The research suggests that a genetic variation affecting dopamine D2 receptors may trigger overeating in obese individuals.
Blunted activation of brain reward circuitry increases risk for future weight gain
Research suggests that individuals with weaker activation of brain reward circuitry when eating are more likely to be obese and gain weight over time. Those with a genetic variation associated with compromised dopamine signaling in this region are at even greater risk.
Caltech scientists engineer supersensitive receptor, gain better understanding of dopamine system
Researchers genetically modified a brain receptor to make it more sensitive to nicotine, allowing them to study the effects of dopamine production on hyperactivity in mice. This could lead to new knowledge about dopamine neurons' functions and potential treatments for conditions such as ADHD.
Protein found that regulates gene critical to dopamine-releasing brain cells
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have identified a protein, NuIP, that regulates the Nurr1 gene critical to dopamine-releasing brain cells. Loss of NuIP function is linked to decreased numbers of dopamine-producing neurons and a decrease in expression of the dopamine transporter.
Surgical technique halts cell loss, Parkinson's researchers find
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have found that deep brain stimulation can halt the progression of dopamine-cell loss in animal models. The study suggests that stimulating neurons with electrodes boosts the amount of BDNF, a protein that promotes neuronal growth.
New evidence on addiction to medicines Diazepam has effect on nerve cells in the brain reward system
Researchers discovered diazepam causes a similar change in the brain's reward-inducing dopamine cells as addictive substances. The study found neural message transmission is reinforced for up to 72 hours after ingestion of diazepam.
New insight into what freezes Parkinson's patients and drives drug addicts
Researchers found that dopamine strengthens the 'go' circuit and weakens the 'stop' circuit in the brain, leading to compulsive behavior and addictive tendencies. The study also shows how Parkinson's patients' reduced dopamine levels lead to frozen motor skills.
Brain tweak lets sleep-deprived flies stay sharp
Researchers found that genetically tweaking a part of the brain involved in learning and memory in fruit flies allowed them to stay sharp even after being deprived of sleep. This discovery may lead to new treatments for mental acuity, particularly for people who need to stay awake for extended periods.
Obesity predisposition traced to the brain's reward system
A new study reveals a link between obesity predisposition and defective dopamine signaling in the brain's reward system. The mesolimbic system, which secretes dopamine, is found to have lower baseline levels and reduced stimulated release in obesity-prone rats.
Pregnant mice block out unwelcome admirers to protect their pups
Researchers found that pregnant mice ignore alien male urine smells after day 3 of pregnancy due to dopamine surge. This chemical change helps avoid infanticide and protects fetal development.
Protein on 'speed' linked to ADHD
Researchers found a genetic change in the dopamine transporter protein that makes it behave as if amphetamine is present, leading to altered dopamine signaling and contributing to ADHD symptoms. The altered function supports a role for dopamine signaling in the disease.
Neuroscientists discover a sense of adventure
Researchers identified a brain region associated with novel experiences, which may drive humans to take risks for rewards. This discovery could have implications for understanding addiction and decision-making.
ADHD an advantage for nomadic tribesmen?
A study of Kenyan nomads found that an ADHD-associated gene variant is linked to better health in the nomadic population, but malnourishment in settled individuals. This suggests that behavior differences associated with ADHD may be more or less effective depending on the environment.
Restless legs syndrome can be relieved during day and night by rotigotine skin patches
Recent studies have shown that rotigotine skin patches can effectively treat restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms even during the day and night. The trials found significant improvements in patient symptoms, with 75% of patients rating their treatment as good or very good. No notable augmentation of RLS symptoms was observed.
$1.3M NIH grant to fund Parkinson's disease study
A Binghamton University researcher will receive a $1.33 million NIH grant to study the side effects of Parkinson's disease treatment, with a focus on reducing dyskinesia and suppressing abnormal motor movements. The research aims to develop new treatments that can address these issues and improve patient outcomes.
Cell-based therapy shows promise in patients with Parkinson's disease
A novel cell therapy using retinal pigment epithelial cells attached to gelatin bead microcarriers has shown promising results in patients with moderate to advanced Parkinson's disease. The therapy, Spheramine, has been well-tolerated and has improved symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, and balance issues for several years.
Gene therapy reduces cocaine use in rats
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory found that increasing dopamine D2 receptor levels can reduce cocaine use in rats by 75 percent. The treatment, which involves injecting a harmless virus carrying the D2 receptor gene into the brain, has potential as an addiction therapy.
U of M researchers identify process that may help treat Parkinson's, spinal cord injuries
A new study by University of Minnesota researchers identifies unit burst generators in the spinal cord that control rhythmic movements such as walking. The discovery may help lead to treatments for Parkinson's disease and spinal cord injuries.
Mouse calls help search for emotion-controlling genes
A team of researchers found that high-frequency vocalizations in male mice are associated with approach behaviors and positive emotions, linked to dopamine and acetylcholine receptors. The study provides a new method for screening emotion genes and developing drugs for controlling emotions and mood disorders.
Mayo Clinic study shows Parkinson's disease drug might work in cancer patients
Researchers found that dopamine can block the growth of new blood vessels in cancer cells by binding to a specific receptor on endothelial progenitor cells. This could lead to a potential treatment for cancer patients, as it slows down cancer progression and reduces tumor growth.
First look: Princeton researchers peek into deepest recesses of human brain
Researchers from Princeton University have developed a new experimental technique to study brainstem activity in humans, tracking changes in blood flow associated with dopamine levels. The findings provide critical insights into the role of brain chemicals in neuropsychiatric disorders such as addiction and Parkinson's disease.
Cocaine's effects on brain metabolism may contribute to abuse
A recent study suggests that cocaine's impact on brain metabolism may be a key factor in its addictive nature. The research, conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory, found that the drug had significant effects on brain metabolism beyond just dopamine, even in mice lacking the gene for dopamine transporters.
New findings show additional similarity between opiate and nicotine addiction
A new study by University of Chicago Medical Center researchers found a remarkable overlap between the effects of nicotine and opiates on dopamine signaling in the brain's reward centers. The findings suggest that these two addictive substances share common underlying brain chemistry mechanisms.
Nature and nurture are both to blame for depression, study says
A recent study by Gerald Haeffel and colleagues found that genetic and environmental factors interact to increase the risk of depression in adolescents. The researchers discovered that boys with rejecting mothers and a specific form of the dopamine transporter gene were at higher risk for major depression and suicidal ideation.
Aggression as rewarding as sex, food and drugs
Vanderbilt University researchers found that aggression triggers a rewarding response in the brain, involving dopamine, which motivates individuals to engage in aggressive behavior. This study offers insights into our propensity for violence and fascination with violent sports.
The dopamine transporter gene influences alcohol withdrawal seizures
Researchers identified four polymorphisms in the dopamine transporter gene associated with an altered risk of withdrawal seizures in alcohol-dependent patients. These findings may help identify patients at high risk and prevent seizures more efficiently.
Einstein researchers discover important clue to the cause of Parkinson's disease
A study by Einstein researchers suggests that impaired autophagy may contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease. The team found that dopamine-altered alpha-synuclein molecules interfere with lysosomal digestion, leading to toxic compound accumulation and cell death.
The birth and death of dopamine neurons: A new model for neurodegeneration
Researchers discover that FOXA2 specifies the floor plate and induces dopamine neuron birth, leading to motor deficits and degeneration in mice. This study provides insights into dopamine neuron development and offers potential avenues for treating neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's.
Researchers discover possible markers for mental illness
Scientists have identified genetic differences that predict the effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs for patients with schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and drug addiction. These markers may enable doctors to match patients with the most suitable therapy, improving treatment outcomes.
$2.2M NIH grant to develop drugs to suppress cocaine cravings
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have received a $2.2 million grant to develop therapeutics for suppressing cocaine cravings by targeting 5-HT2 receptors in the brain. These receptors play a crucial role in controlling a person's desire to use drugs.
Boston University Medical Center researcher's abstract selected by Society for Neuroscience
David Farb's abstract details how antioxidants affect dopamine release from synaptosomes, suggesting potential for treating oxidative damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidants like glutathione and NAC may rapidly stabilize dopamine release, raising their therapeutic potential.
St. Louis University scientists identify chemical that triggers Parkinson's disease
Researchers at Saint Louis University School of Medicine discovered a key brain chemical that causes Parkinson’s disease. They found that dopamine itself is converted into DOPAL, which triggers the death of dopamine-producing cells and leads to Parkinson’s.
Food restriction increases dopamine receptor levels in obese rats
Genetically obese rats showed lower dopamine D2 receptor levels than lean counterparts. However, restricting food intake increased D2 receptor numbers, partially reversing age-related decline. This finding suggests a link between brain's reward system and food availability in obesity.
Sticky mussels inspire biomedical engineer yet again
A new coating method mimics mussel adhesive properties, allowing for the attachment of various materials to inorganic and organic surfaces. This method has potential applications in fields such as electronics, medical devices, and water treatment.
Insulin's brain impact links drugs and diabetes
Researchers found that insulin levels affect dopamine systems in the brain, which are involved in drug addiction and neuropsychiatric conditions. In diabetic animals, amphetamine-induced dopamine signaling was disrupted, suggesting a link between insulin status and brain function.
Genes may hold the keys to how humans learn
Scientists have identified three genes associated with dopamine functioning in the brain, predicting individual differences in learning behaviors. These genes affect implicit reward learning and change choice strategies after negative feedback. The study offers insights into the genetic basis for learning differences and potential impl...
Scientists spot sneaky 'neurodegenerative' iron at the European synchrotron
Researchers at ESRF and CNRS used chemical nano-imaging to visualize iron distribution in dopaminergic neurons. They found that iron is stored within dopamine vesicles, which helps explain the molecular mechanisms involved in Parkinson's disease.
Genetic update: the ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 gene may influence alcoholism
A new study suggests that ANKK1 gene may play a role in addictive behaviors, providing a potential explanation for inconsistent findings with the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2). The research used data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism and found evidence of association between ANKK1 and addiction phenotypes.
Study suggests loss of 2 types of neurons -- not just 1 -- triggers Parkinson's symptoms
Researchers found a link between the loss of norepinephrine and dopamine neurons and delayed Parkinson's symptoms. The study showed that both types of neurons are necessary for normal motor function.
ADHD appears to be associated with depressed dopamine activity in the brain
Adults with ADHD show blunted response to methylphenidate, suggesting dopamine dysfunction may contribute to ADHD symptoms. Reduced dopamine activity is also associated with increased substance abuse in individuals with ADHD.