Articles tagged with Lungs
Research suggests that pulmonary vaccine delivery can induce a local immune response more effectively than traditional injections, potentially combating pathogens that cause pulmonary diseases. The unique physiology of the respiratory tract makes it an attractive alternative to injections.
Dr. Rehan's research aims to understand the long-term impact of maternal smoking on childhood asthma, as well as its potential effects on future generations. Studies have shown that nicotine exposure during pregnancy can alter lung development and increase asthma risk.
A new study found that exposure to traffic-related air pollution during infancy is associated with decreased lung function at age eight, especially in boys and children sensitized to common allergens. The findings suggest early exposure may have long-term adverse effects on respiratory health.
A portable normothermic perfusion device has been tested on a group of twelve transplant patients, showing safe and effective preservation of donor lungs. The device has the potential to greatly improve transplant success and expand the pool of adequately-functioning donor lungs.
Research suggests that maintaining healthy lungs may be crucial for retaining problem-solving and processing speed in older adults. The study found no link between poorer lung health and loss of stored knowledge or memory, but showed a correlation between reduced pulmonary function and steeper declines in cognitive abilities.
A new approach to lung scanning, called parametric response mapping, allows for better distinction between early-stage small airway disease and emphysema in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The technique enables precise diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as tracking COPD progression over time.
Researchers at Penn developed a new mouse model of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a debilitating lung disease, that replicates the pathologic features of human disease. The study suggests that two readily available drugs, an antibiotic and a statin, may help treat and reverse symptoms.
Research identifies distinct microbial communities in healthy and cystic fibrosis patient lungs, suggesting beneficial microbes contribute to health. The findings suggest a potential new approach to treating cystic fibrosis, including probiotic therapies.
A new tool allows people to monitor their lung function at home or on the go by blowing into their smartphones. The app, SpiroSmart, uses a phone's microphone to analyze sound wave frequencies and detect lung problems with accuracy within 5 percent of commercial devices.
Adult cystic fibrosis patients with lower socioeconomic status are less likely to be accepted for lung transplant after initial evaluation. The study found that Medicaid insurance, income zip codes, and education level were associated with increased odds of rejection.
A Mayo Clinic study found that endovascular repair has a low rate of complications, even in high-risk patients. Researchers analyzed data from 1,008 consecutive patients and found a lower mortality rate than open-abdominal surgery when aneurysms ruptured.
New global benchmarks for lung function have been established, providing a consistent measurement across the entire life span. These charts will help healthcare professionals better understand lung disease progression and raise awareness of its impact on people worldwide.
A new study presented at the European Respiratory Society's Annual Congress found that marathon running can trigger pulmonary oedema in some individuals. Women were at higher risk of developing pulmonary oedema than men, regardless of their marathon finishing time.
A new study found that e-cigarette use caused a significant increase in airway resistance, lasting for 10 minutes, regardless of health status. The research suggests that e-cigarettes may be more harmful than marketed, highlighting the need for further investigation.
A study led by BUSM researchers has found that the compound Gly-His-Lys (GHK) may halt the progression of emphysema and reverse some of its damage. The study demonstrates potential impact of genomic technologies in identifying new treatments for diseases using existing drugs and compounds.
A recent study published in Respirology reveals that water pipe smoking can have severe respiratory effects, comparable to those of cigarette smoking. The research, led by Mohammad Hossein Boskabady, found profound impacts on lung function among water pipe smokers and deep inhalation cigarette smokers.
A study published in Genome Medicine identified genes whose activity is altered with increasing lung damage. The compound Gly-His-Lys (GHK) was found to affect the activity of these genes and restore normal gene activity, repairing cell function in human cells from lungs damaged by emphysema.
Researchers at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin found that immunodeficient patients with secondary lung disease can experience improved pulmonary function and radiographic abnormalities when treated with a combination of rituximab and azathioprine. This treatment targets specific types of lymphocyte...
The Houston Clean Air Network provides real-time air quality updates using maps of the greater Houston area. The site allows users to track ozone levels and plan their day accordingly, benefiting those with health concerns about ozone or respiratory illnesses like asthma.
A study by Brigham and Women's Hospital researchers found that the cell surface molecule OX40 induces the production of IL-9, leading to airway inflammation. This discovery may impact the treatment of chronic inflammation, such as allergic reactions and organ transplant rejection.
University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston researchers have been awarded a $1.25 million NIH grant to develop lab-grown lung tissue models for biomedical studies. These models could provide significant advantages over animal models, including reduced costs and the ability to study human responses more accurately.
A 500-year-old Incan mummy was found to have a bacterial lung infection at the time of death, according to a new study published in PLOS ONE. The researchers used proteomics to analyze immune system response from degraded samples and found that one mummy had a protein profile similar to those with chronic respiratory infections.
A new study found that vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse lung function and faster decline in smokers. Vitamin D sufficiency was linked to improved lung function and reduced rate of decline.
A preclinical study published in Cancer Discovery reports genetic validation for ongoing clinical trials testing IDO inhibitors in cancer patients. The findings suggest that IDO promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing vascularization and modifying the inflammatory environment, particularly in lung adenocarcinoma and metastatic disease.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have discovered that abscisic acid has anti-inflammatory effects in both the lungs and gut, which could lead to a novel way to combat inflammatory disease. This compound may offer a safer alternative to existing treatments for influenza by targeting the immune response rather than the virus itself.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that mechanical pressures from hospital ventilators stimulate an innate immune response in lung cells, leading to excessive inflammation. The study identified potential drug targets, including a microRNA and two proteins, that could reduce inflammation.
Researchers will analyze thousands of small molecules and measure changes in metabolite expression using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry technology. The study aims to identify metabolic changes linked to ciliopathy development and the pathogenesis of COPD, potentially leading to new biomarkers and therapeutic treatments.
Researchers at Kaiser Permanente Southern California identified 7,112 patients with lung nodules using existing medical records. They developed an automated method that classifies nodules with 96% sensitivity and 86% specificity compared to clinician review.
Researchers discovered rare variations in the DCTN4 gene among cystic fibrosis patients with early, chronic airway infections. The study suggests that exome sequencing can identify genetic factors behind complex traits like obesity and heart disease.
A new study found that the number of viruses involved in a flu infection impacts the immune response, with high-dose infections generating stronger immunity and increased protection against reinfection. This discovery could lead to improved vaccine design and broader protection against emerging flu strains.
A new study reveals that over half of inhaled diesel soot particles remain in the body, penetrating deeper into the lungs. This finding has significant implications for public health and may lead to the establishment of guidelines for soot particle limits in outdoor air.
A new study has found that lung nodule matching software can significantly improve radiologists' efficiency, with an average increase of almost two-fold compared to manual matching. The software correctly matched nodules at an accuracy rate of 79-92% while reducing the time required for matching from 1 second to under 6 minutes.
The American Association for Thoracic Surgery task force recommends expanded lung cancer screening guidelines using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for high-risk individuals. The new guidelines increase the recommended age range to 79 and expand eligibility to smokers and former smokers with specific risk factors.
A new study reveals that lung changes are a primary manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in ACPA-positive patients. The study found HRCT abnormalities and local production of ACPA in the lungs of patients before RA onset, suggesting site-specific extra-articular changes as the initiating event of the immune response.
A new telehealth program by the University of Alberta helps rural COPD patients in northern Alberta communities. The program uses telehealth technology to conduct pulmonary rehab sessions and provide consultations with pulmonologists, resulting in improved quality of life and increased exercise tolerance after two months.
Researchers found that autologous lung-derived mensenchymal stem cell transplantation improved functional outcomes in sheep with emphysema, with increased blood perfusion and ECM content. The study suggests a practical alternative to conventional stem cell therapy for treating emphysema.
A new NIH-funded study examines the use of mobile technology to improve diet and physical activity behavior in adults. The study found that a combination of mobile technology and remote coaching holds promise in encouraging healthier eating habits and reducing sedentary leisure time.
Research shows that lung transplant patients receiving organs from smokers tend to survive longer than those waiting on the list, with significant benefits for patients with septic lung disease and fibrosis. The UK's current selection policy of including both smoking and non-smoking donors improves survival rates and should be continued.
A randomized controlled trial found that azithromycin improved lung function in patients with BOS following lung transplantation. The study showed a significant improvement in FEV1 measurements, with a mean gain of 37ml in the Azithromycin group and a mean fall of 181ml in the placebo group.
A multicenter trial found that a tiny implanted coil called the Lung Volume Reduction Coil (LVRC) significantly improves pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in patients with severe heterogeneous emphysema. The treatment is considered safe and effective, particularly for those with severely hyperinflated lungs.
A recent study has found that sarcoidosis accounts for 25% of all deaths among black women with the disease, emphasizing the need for early detection and treatment. The study also highlights the severity of pulmonary disease in black women with sarcoidosis, with respiratory failure being a leading cause of death.
A new study at Oregon Health & Science University finds that daily Vitamin C supplementation improves pulmonary function tests in newborns born to pregnant smoking women, potentially altering the fetal origins of respiratory disease. The treatment may block some effects of smoking on lung development.
A revised definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) includes a distinction between severe and less advanced cases, allowing for earlier detection and intervention. The new guidelines are based on evidence from over 4,000 patients and have the potential to improve treatment outcomes.
The updated Berlin Definition of ARDS combines consensus discussions with empirical evaluation to improve predictive validity and mortality prediction. The new definition identifies stages of mild, moderate, and severe ARDS associated with increased mortality rates.
A new study reveals that prenatal exposure to air pollution can have persistent effects on lung function development in children with asthma. The research found associations between nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and lower pulmonary function growth in childhood.
A new study reveals that a combination of three drugs used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis can lead to increased risk of death and hospitalization. The researchers found no improvement in lung function or slowing of disease progression with the treatment, highlighting the importance of rigorous testing methods.
A new NIH-funded study finds that concentrated saline therapy does not reduce antibiotic use in infants and preschoolers with cystic fibrosis. The study highlights the need for more research on treatments tailored to younger children with this disease.
Experimental video game technology helps therapists monitor patients' arm rehabilitation after stroke, improving recovery outcomes. A UK-led gene therapy approach has shown promising results in treating hereditary blindness, with no adverse effects reported.
LA BioMed has received a Grand Challenges Explorations grant to develop an innovative treatment for premature infants using aerosolized synthetic lung surfactant. The project aims to reduce breathing problems in preterm babies by providing a non-invasive approach.
Researchers found that tenasin-C gene expression and nodule size can predict lung cancer with improved accuracy. The study used bronchoscopic microsampling to collect fluid from lung nodules, showing promise for a less invasive diagnostic technique.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have discovered a new type of cell in mice that causes asthma symptoms even in the presence of steroids. Similar cells were found in humans with asthma, suggesting a possible target for new treatment options. Further research is needed to explore the role of these cells in human asthma.
A study found that lung procedure patients who watched a 30-minute preparation video reported less anxiety, physical pain, and higher satisfaction with their operative experience. The video also helped patients prepare for post-operative care and quit smoking.
Researchers found that PAX5 stabilizes MYC protein levels in B cells, correlating with poor patient survival. Additionally, STIM1 regulates calcium signaling to control fat preference, while IL-12 production is decreased in diabetic patients with increased infection risk.
Michael Young, a lung transplant recipient, credits his new lungs for giving him the joy of breathing again. His remarkable survival story highlights UT Southwestern's exceptional Lung Transplant Program, with an 86% one-year and 75% three-year survival rate.
Scientists found that Burkholderia cenocepacia bacteria interfere with cells' ability to fight infection, exacerbating the disease in cystic fibrosis patients. Rapamycin, an existing drug, helped control the infection in mice, suggesting autophagy as a potential target for new treatments.
A new study by Harvard researchers found a significant association between long-term fine particle air pollution exposure and higher rates of hospital admissions for pneumonia, heart attacks, strokes, and diabetes in older adults. The study used novel prediction models to estimate zip code concentrations of fine air particles and compa...
Researchers identified peroxiredoxin 2 as a key protein in predicting pulmonary metastases in breast cancer patients. The protein protects tumor cells from oxidative stress and promotes growth and proliferation in the lung. Modulating PRDX2 levels may provide a new therapeutic approach to prevent lung metastases.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have derived a population of pure lung and thyroid progenitor cells in vitro that successfully mimic the developmental milestones of lung and thyroid tissue formation. The purified cells can be used to develop new gene and cell-based therapies for lung diseases.
A University of Michigan study found that older adults who get infections are at a higher risk of hospitalization for deep vein or lung blood clots. Infections were the most common predictor of hospitalization for venous thromboembolism, which can be life-threatening.
Researchers at BUSM discovered the liver's regulatory function in responding to lung infections. The study found that hepatocytes generate blood proteins that change concentration during an acute phase response, which prevents bacterial spread.