Articles tagged with Lungs
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Researchers found that a simple questionnaire predicting lung involvement improves patient outcomes in chronic graft-vs.-host disease. A score of 3 indicates shortness of breath at rest or requiring oxygen, associated with higher mortality. Early detection enables timely treatment to reduce symptoms and improve survival.
Researchers found that memory T cells play a crucial role in lung transplant acceptance, suggesting that current immune-suppression strategies may contribute to organ rejection. The study aims to develop new strategies to selectively target immunosuppression in lung transplants and boost the ability of memory T cells.
Researchers found that PPAR-γ agonists can reverse emphysema development despite continuous exposure to cigarette smoke. Additionally, a compound enhancing glutamate uptake improved ALS symptoms and extended lifespan in mice. Increased autophagy also contributed to BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma patients.
Scientists at Imperial College London have discovered a link between iron deficiency and an increased risk of stroke due to stickier blood cells. Iron deficiency affects around two billion people worldwide and can increase the stickiness of platelets, which initiate blood clotting.
High-resolution CT scans can detect IPF by identifying a characteristic honeycombing pattern in lung scarring. This non-invasive method may replace surgical lung biopsies in some cases, reducing substantial risks associated with the procedure.
A recent study found that EGFR mutations are prevalent among the Asian population, with a frequency of 51.4% in stage IIIB or IV adenocarcinomas of the lung. The mutation was more common among women and never-smokers than previously reported.
A study found that newborn mice's lung dendritic cells respond differently to RSV infection, leading to impaired CD8+ T cell responses. This understanding can guide vaccine approaches for infants to promote adult-like immune responses.
Researchers found that prenatal vitamin A deficiency leads to airway hyperresponsiveness in adult mice by causing abnormal smooth muscle development. The study suggests that structural and functional changes in the lungs due to vitamin A deficiency during development may be an important factor in asthma susceptibility.
A study found that patients undergoing PCI have a higher risk of dying from non-cardiac diseases than heart disease, with only 37% of deaths being cardiac-related. The researchers attribute this to improved cardiac therapies, such as medication and catheterization laboratory technologies.
A Cedars-Sinai research team led by Paul W. Noble is developing a novel approach to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a disease that destroys the lungs and damages vital organs. The two-year study aims to build upon preliminary research and uncover the precise way normal lung stem cell repair occurs.
Temple researchers have shown that identical or compatible blood types between donor and recipient do not affect rejection rates in double-lung transplants. The study confirms excellent post-transplant lung function and comparable mortality rates for compatible donors.
The lung microbiome is a new frontier in pulmonary medicine, with research exploring the role of microorganisms in health and disease. The emerging field is leading to new ways of thinking about the lung and its diseases.
Prenatal retinoid deficiency linked to airway hyperresponsiveness in adult mice, affecting proper airway development and inflammatory responses. Retinoid signaling plays crucial role in preventing inappropriate pulmonary inflammation.
Scientists have found odor receptors in lung tissue that can detect cigarette smoke and other irritants, triggering a response to constrict airways. These receptors, called pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, may be responsible for the chemical hypersensitivity characteristic of respiratory diseases such as COPD.
New research published in The FASEB Journal found that tobacco smoke disrupts the circadian clock function in both lungs and brains, leading to reduced productivity, mood disorders, and depression. Quitting smoking may improve sleep quality and cognitive function by targeting a specific pathway involving the anti-aging molecule SIRT1.
TB-causing bacteria mask their molecular patterns using cell surface lipids, evading immune detection. The presence of lipid molecule PGL promotes the recruitment of permissive macrophages that allow TB to establish an infection in deeper lung tissue.
The American Thoracic Society Foundation and the American Lung Association are co-funding an $80,000 grant to study Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, a rare inherited disease affecting the lungs. The research aims to understand HPS pulmonary fibrosis and explore potential treatments for common lung diseases like cystic fibrosis.
A new analysis found that children aged 6 to 11 years on the waiting list have similar mortality rates to older candidates, contradicting earlier data suggesting higher death rates. The study helps inform ongoing discussions about potential changes to the US lung allocation policy.
Researchers warn of the dangers of neglecting to clean reed instruments, which can lead to Saxophone Lung, an allergic pulmonary disease caused by specific fungi. Proper diagnosis is crucial, as corticosteroids alone are insufficient in treating this condition.
A new €6 million global research program, CF Matters, aims to develop personalized antibiotic treatments for Cystic Fibrosis patients. The study will use molecular next-generation DNA sequencing methods to detect bacteria present in patients' sputum and determine the most effective antibiotic treatment.
Dr. Avrum Spira has received the Alton Ochsner Award for his seminal research contributions to understanding the biological response of lung tissue to tobacco smoke. His work has led to the development of early detection biomarkers for lung cancer and molecular biomarkers for COPD treatment guidance.
A study by the American College of Chest Physicians found that yoga training improved lung function, breathing, and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The 12-week program involved physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation.
A study suggests that Indi's blood test can accurately distinguish between benign lung nodules and early-stage lung cancer by detecting a specific combination of proteins in the blood. The test, powered by advanced protein detection technology, has a 90% accuracy rate and could complement current clinical risk factors.
Scientists have discovered that ticagrelor reduces the risk of dying from lung infection after a heart attack, with fewer deaths due to sepsis. The study found subtle differences in blood markers of immune cell activity between ticagrelor and clopidogrel treatment patients.
A new national study found that children receiving solid-organ transplants have a high risk of developing advanced kidney disease. The study suggests the need for continued screening and preventive measures to slow or prevent disease progression.
The research team will investigate ways to reduce the burden of illness associated with prematurity by improving air-breathing transition and delaying umbilical cord clamping. They aim to develop strategies to prevent brain injury and long-term consequences such as cerebral palsy.
A Yale-led study has identified 52 genes that significantly correlate with outcome in patients with IPF, predicting shorter survival time and guiding treatment decisions. The discovery of these biomarkers may lead to better prediction of disease presence and severity.
A £139,000 grant will investigate how cystic fibrosis patients' immune cells are infected with the B.cepacia superbug, which causes serious lung damage. The research aims to develop molecules that can help immune cells clear invading bacteria and potentially treat the condition.
The National Institutes of Health has awarded a $5.9 million grant to the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth for its Lung Biology Center of Biomedical Research Excellence. This funding supports cystic fibrosis research and translates basic science into clinical applications.
Research on an aerosol that induces a rapid immune response to prevent viral respiratory infections and asthma attacks has earned major funding from the National Institutes of Health. The NIH-funded project aims to translate preclinical findings to clinical trials to prevent asthma attacks.
Researchers at Cardiff University have teamed up with Peking University in China to test traditional Chinese medicine's health benefits and explore its potential when combined with chemotherapy. The study found that a traditional Chinese formula can block the spread of cancer cells and improve patient outcomes.
Researchers have developed nanoparticles that can protect vaccines from being cleared by the lungs, allowing them to generate a strong immune response in both the lungs and distant mucosal surfaces. The technology has shown promise in preventing infections such as influenza and HIV, as well as delivering cancer vaccines.
According to Swedish Research Council study, humans have musical talent due to synchronized group movement, which enhances sound perception in nature. This behavior has survival value, producing dopamine, leading to rhythmic movements and eventually music.
Scientists at EMBL and Regensburg University identify DGKi as a potential drug target for cystic fibrosis, which regulates ENaC activity and reduces mucus thickness in patients' airways. The discovery uses large-scale screening to uncover genes not previously linked to the disease.
Researchers found that a combination of interferon-alpha 2b and ribavirin reduced viral replication and lung damage in monkeys infected with the MERS-CoV virus. The treatment worked by moderating the immune response and promoting repair of damaged lung tissue.
A new study found that exposure to fumes from military small arms can lead to a decline in lung function, with effects comparable to other occupational risk factors. The research, conducted on Norwegian Armed Forces members, revealed a mean average decline of 5% in lung function after shooting and 7% at 24 hours post-exposure.
A global study led by McMaster University researchers found large differences in lung function between healthy people from different socioeconomic and geographical regions. South Asians had the lowest lung function, by 30% compared to North Americans and Europeans. The findings have important public health implications.
A new study found that living close to a major road is associated with a higher risk of death in people with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The study showed a significant decrease in mortality risk as distance from the road increased.
A new set of evidence-based guidelines recommend lung cancer screening for high-risk populations in Ontario using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). The guidelines suggest annual screening for two years, followed by biennial screenings until a negative result is obtained. The recommended parameters for LDCT include 120 to 140 kVp and...
A Stanford study found that blocking an inflammation-producing molecular pathway reverses pulmonary hypertension in rats, suggesting a potential cure for the deadly disease. The research could also lead to better understanding of other inflammatory diseases.
A new study confirms that arsenic exposure can impair lung function, with doses of 120 parts per billion causing damage comparable to decades of smoking. The study found significant impairment of lung function associated with lower concentrations than previously reported.
A new study has found that two forms of iron are needed to control cystic fibrosis lung infections. Targeting both ferrous iron (Fe(II)) and ferric iron (Fe(III)) was more effective in preventing biofilm formation than targeting only one form.
Researchers found increased expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in human airways, linked to mucus production and other genes implicated in COPD. A mouse model also showed IL-33-producing epithelial progenitor cells induced by viral infection, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies.
Researchers at WashU Medicine have identified a new therapeutic target for COPD by linking acute viral infections to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Viral infection triggers the production of IL-33, a signaling molecule that activates immune cells to produce excess mucus in the lungs.
Researchers found that the signaling protein calcineurin upregulates Ang-2, promoting angiogenesis in lung endothelial cells. This pathway is crucial for metastasis, offering new targets for lung cancer therapy.
Researchers at University of Southampton have discovered new markers of tuberculosis that may help in developing new diagnostic tests and treatments. Lung damage releases specific proteins, which can be used to screen individuals and halt transmission between population groups.
A large nationwide study found that people with rheumatoid arthritis are at a higher risk of developing potentially fatal blood clots in the legs and lungs. The study revealed that patients with rheumatoid arthritis were more than twice as likely to develop these clots, with the risk being highest among younger adults.
Research reveals that burning incense generates indoor air pollutants that cause inflammation in human lung cells, similar to cigarette smoke. The study recommends improving ventilation and using alternative combustion devices to mitigate this health risk.
A new study published in The Annals of Thoracic Surgery found that oversized donor lungs are associated with a 30% increased chance of survival one year after the operation. The researchers analyzed data from over 4,500 double lung transplants and single lung transplants performed between 2005 and 2010.
Researchers found that injected methamphetamine significantly enhanced colonization of the lungs by Cryptococcus neoformans and accelerated progression of the disease. The fungus can cause a deadly brain infection when it crosses the blood-brain barrier, which is more susceptible due to drug-induced changes in the blood-brain barrier.
Scientists at NIST have developed a new standard reference material (SRM) for medical computed tomography (CT), enabling hospitals to calibrate their CAT scanners and link tissue density measurements to international standards. The SRM allows for accurate calibration, which is crucial for diagnosing lung diseases effectively.
A recent study published in Nature identifies a population of multi-potent cardiopulmonary progenitor cells, named CPPs, that coordinate heart and lung co-development. These cells are essential for adaptation to terrestrial existence and have implications for diseases such as pulmonary hypertension.
A study by Weill Cornell Medicine found that even healthy-looking smokers have damaged airway cells with characteristics similar to those in aggressive lung cancer. The researchers discovered that these cells express human embryonic stem cell genes, which are normally only active in developing embryos.
At high altitudes, pulmonary hypertension develops as a normal adaptive response but can become life-threatening if exaggerated. Research highlights the need for targeted drug therapy, with potential new directions emerging in understanding epigenetic mechanisms and their role in disease
A Loyola University Medical Center study found that treating acid reflux through laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery could help prevent chronic rejection in lung transplant patients. Certain biomarkers in lung fluid can predict BOS and immune system activity.
A new rodent study reveals that chronic drinking intensifies lung damage caused by particulate matter, leading to decreased lung function. Chronic drinking impairs alveolar macrophage function, which plays a critical role in protecting the lungs from particulates and airway repair.
A new lung probe using advanced technology will enable doctors to detect and monitor up to 20 key indicators of disease in critically ill patients, improving diagnosis and treatment. The probe will also help premature babies by replacing regular blood tests with real-time disease readouts.
A recent study published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology found that digital chest tomosynthesis (DT) holds promise as a first-line lung cancer screening tool. DT improved sensitivity in detecting lung nodules compared to conventional chest radiography, while providing lower costs and radiation dosages.
Treatment with A1-PI slows the progression of emphysema in patients with Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency by preserving lung density. The study showed significant clinical and statistical benefits, confirming the efficacy of augmentation therapy.
Researchers found a genetic risk factor for pulmonary fibrosis in people with the MUC5B gene variant, associated with increased lung inflammation and scarring. The study suggests that pulmonary fibrosis may be part of a larger syndrome, potentially leading to early detection and treatment.