Articles tagged with Lungs
A study by LSTM scientists found that household air pollution (HAP) can cause weaknesses in the immune function of the lung, leading to higher rates of pneumonia. Healthy volunteers exposed to HAP showed a weaker killing response from their macrophage cells.
Researchers identified mutations in PARN and RTEL1 genes, which cause excessive telomere shortening and lung scarring disease. The findings strengthen the link between lung fibrosis and telomere dysfunction.
Researchers at Brown and Yale implicates a specific mitochondrial protein, NLRX1, in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from exposure to cigarette smoke. The study shows that suppression of NLRX1 is a major cigarette-induced signature of lung destruction.
Adult survivors of preterm births may have lung capacity resembling that of the healthy elderly or casual smokers by their early 20s. Premature infants are at increased risk for contracting bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a chronic respiratory condition mainly affecting infants born less than 28 weeks of age.
A new study found that lung cancer surgery patients have a higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTEs) than previously thought. The study, which analyzed data from 157 patients, showed that the incidence rate was 12.1%, with most events occurring after discharge from the hospital and without symptoms.
A study of over 8000 patients found that surgeons with higher volumes are less likely to perform high-risk pneumonectomies, leading to better long-term survival. The researchers suggest that surgeon experience is an important factor in determining surgical outcomes for non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Northwestern Medicine researchers have identified a specific bacteria as the cause of a rare and deadly lung transplant infection. The bacteria can be successfully treated with antibiotics, saving other patients who had contracted the infection.
The $1.6-million gift enables world-changing research in lung diseases and quantum computing through collaboration between the University of Waterloo and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. Researchers aim to develop targeted drug delivery systems for pulmonary diseases and advance quantum information science.
A study by the University of Michigan found that cleaner school bus fuels can improve children's health, particularly those with asthma, by reducing inflammation and airborne particles. The research suggests a potential 14 million fewer absences from school annually if all vehicles were altered to reduce emissions.
A new study found that wind instrument players have a reduced risk of developing obstructive sleep apnoea. The researchers believe this is due to increased muscle tone in the upper airways, common among wind instrument players.
A team of UC researchers will study the rare lung disease pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, which causes 'lung stones' and reduces life expectancy by several decades. The grant will help them develop a mouse model to understand the cause of the disease and design trials for treatment.
A study found that UK patients with cystic fibrosis who received transplants had better survival rates than publicly insured Americans. The research suggests that a single-payer national health care system can provide complex, coordinated and expansive care with long-term outcomes similar to those achieved by private insurance.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have successfully grown a 3D mini lung from embryonic stem cells, replicating the organization of human airways. The study demonstrates a novel method for morphogenesis in a dish, enabling the creation of lung tissue with cell types found in the lungs.
A recent study found that sudden growth of Burkholderia multivorans preceded periods of acute illness in a CF patient. The team used an extensive collection of lung sputum samples to analyze the bacterial community, providing critical context for their research.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have successfully grown 'mini-lungs' using induced pluripotent stem cells derived from skin cells of patients with cystic fibrosis. These mini-lungs can be used to test potential new drugs and provide a more reliable alternative to traditional animal models.
Researchers discovered a new bodily process that explains low blood oxygen in cystic fibrosis patients with infected lungs, highlighting the importance of CFTR protein function in directing blood flow. The study suggests strategies aimed at restoring or activating the CFTR protein may improve blood oxygen levels and circulation.
A study of 1144 US adults found that those with COPD had higher levels of white blood cell count and fibrinogen, as well as elevated C-reactive protein, which were linked to an increased risk of dying. Elevated fibrinogen concentrations were also modestly associated with premature death.
Critically ill patients who undergo early exercise experience marked improvements in lung, limb, and respiratory muscle function. Researchers have identified specific mechanisms by which exercise turns off pathways involved in muscle wasting.
A study found that poor indoor air quality in nursing homes negatively affects the lung health of elderly residents, with pollutants like PM10 and NO2 linked to breathlessness and cough. The researchers called for improved ventilation and regular respiratory checks to mitigate the issue.
A 20-year study found that improved air quality in Southern California led to significant gains in lung function development among millennial children. Lung growth accelerated as air pollution declined, resulting in lower rates of abnormally low lung function and reduced risks of respiratory disease.
Double-lung transplantation was associated with better graft survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but not in those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The new lung allocation score system has changed demographics of single- and double-lung transplant recipients.
New connections in gene regulation have been discovered in normal lung cells that may contribute to lung tumor formation. The researchers found that the transcription factor Nkx2-1 regulates lung cell proliferation, tumor growth, and progression by binding to microRNAs.
A new study found that Aboriginal Australians have low forced vital capacity due to environmental and socioeconomic factors. This discovery challenges the previous notion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) being more common among Aboriginal Australians.
Researchers have discovered that inflammation causes molecular bonds to form within mucus in cystic fibrosis, making it thicker and more difficult to clear. A potential new therapeutic approach targeting disulfide bonds has been identified, offering hope for improved treatment options.
Researchers found that teen girls from rural areas were more likely to have undiagnosed asthma, with a higher rate of depression among asthmatic teens. The study suggests that depression can be a barrier to diagnosis and treatment of the disease, making it essential to address this issue.
A recent retrospective study found that Lung-RADS guidelines generated fewer false-positives than the National Lung Screening Trial, reducing unnecessary follow-up testing. The guidelines provide structured reporting tools for practices to benchmark performance and improve lung cancer screening's cost-effectiveness.
Using Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) criteria may reduce false positives in low-dose CT lung screenings by raising the nodule size cutoff. However, this comes at the cost of reduced sensitivity.
A new study by the University of Rochester finds that e-cigarettes emit toxic substances harmful to lung cells, including heavy metals and nanoparticles. Flavored e-juices like cinnamon also cause more stress on lung tissue.
Researchers at Montana State University have discovered a critical molecule, IL-1a, that plays a crucial role in recruiting white blood cells to fight lung infections. The molecule helps prevent mold from invading lung tissue and growing, potentially reducing the death rate associated with Aspergillus fumigatus.
A large-scale Danish study shows that premature babies are more likely to suffer from asthmatic symptoms and lung conditions in early life. However, the study found that they tend to grow better and eventually suffer no more lung conditions than others as adults.
A study found that recent marijuana use is associated with symptoms of airway inflammation, while moderate lifetime smoking has no significant impact on lung function. Researchers analyzed data from over 5,000 adults and discovered a link between marijuana use and respiratory symptoms.
The University of Louisville is conducting a study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of an investigational device called Zephyr Endobronchial Valve (EBV) for treating emphysema symptoms. The EBV blocks off diseased lung sections, allowing healthier parts to expand.
A Loyola University Medical Center study found that lung transplant patients who receive lungs from heavy drinkers are nearly nine times more likely to experience primary graft dysfunction, a life-threatening complication. These transplants also displayed poorer gas-exchange and longer ventilator stays.
A novel molecular mechanism has been uncovered that tightens the bonds between cells lining blood vessels in mice, potentially preventing fluid leakage and improving survival rates. The discovery could lead to the development of new therapies targeting acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a fatal condition in approximately half ...
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill created inhalable vaccines targeting lung diseases by modifying particle surface charge, inducing local and systemic immune responses. This novel approach may lead to improved vaccine accessibility in low-resource areas without refrigeration requirements.
A new study supports the hypothesis that lung cancer can travel through airways to adjacent lung tissue. This finding has significant implications for diagnosis and management of primary lung adenocarcinoma.
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that providing additional $67 per month to elderly residents in poor countries improves their health outcomes. Participants who received this supplement showed significant improvements in lung function and memory, as well as increased access to healthcare services.
Researchers found that decreasing CHI3L1 levels slows the spread of two different kinds of cancer to the lungs of mice. This suggests addressing dysregulation is key in fighting metastasis and may lead to new treatments, such as preventing or delaying cancer spread after surgery.
Researchers calculate that lungs excrete 8.4kg of CO2 when 10kg of fat is fully oxidized, shedding unwanted pounds. By breathing, individuals can lose up to 200 grams of carbon daily, with exercise further increasing weight loss through increased metabolic rate.
A UBC research team has found a genetic link that can prevent sun-induced skin aging by blocking the activity of Granzyme B, an enzyme that breaks down collagen. The breakthrough could lead to new treatments for various conditions, including heart attacks and lung diseases.
A team of researchers at Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center developed an Induced Sputum (IS) technique to assess the effect of pollution on urban asthmatic children. The study found that IS is a more physiologically sensitive biomonitoring method than environmental sampling stations, detecting hazardous particles like mercury in the lungs.
A new long-term clinical trial found that Lung Volume Reduction Coil treatment is safe over a 3-year period. Half of the patients showed continued improvement in lung function capacity and overall quality of life.
Researchers discovered that excess lipids in the lungs trigger an inflammatory response, leading to scarring and pulmonary fibrosis. The team's findings suggest a new direction for developing novel therapies by targeting lipid handling in the lungs.
The ferret genome sequencing study provides insights into the effects of pandemic flu and cystic fibrosis on respiratory tissues. The analysis shows distinct responses in the trachea and lungs to different viruses, shedding light on the course of infection.
Researchers found that Canadians with cystic fibrosis are living almost 20 years longer than they did two decades ago, with the median survival age increasing to 50.9 years. The death rate declined from 1.4 deaths per year in 1990 to 0.99 deaths per year in 2012.
LA BioMed researcher Frans J. Walther is receiving Phase II funding to develop an aerosol form of synthetic lung surfactant, which could reduce complications in premature babies. The grant will support the development of a new treatment that can be easily administered in resource-limited settings.
Asthma is a widespread disease that causes genetic damage in peripheral blood, leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage. The study found four types of systemic effects, including protein damage, which can result in unstable chromosomes and increase the risk of other diseases.
Researchers discovered flu infection prompts immune cells to migrate to gut, altering bacterial composition and causing inflammation that promotes tissue injury. Blocking inflammatory molecules or antibiotics attenuates intestinal injury, suggesting relief options for flu-induced gastrointestinal symptoms.
Research shows that primary care providers who know guideline recommendations for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening are more likely to order LDCT for high-risk individuals. This knowledge gap is highlighted by a survey of over 200 primary care providers, which found that 48% knew three or more guideline components.
Analysis of over 600 small cell lung cancer and neuroendocrine tumors identified common molecular markers, including EGFR amplification, that could reveal new therapeutic targets. The study found notable differences in biomarker expression between SCLC and NET tumors.
A study analyzing Medicare claims found that biopsies accounted for 43.1% of $38.3 million in diagnostic costs for patients with ultimately negative lung cancer diagnoses. Lung biopsies were also the most expensive test, with a median cost of $3,784 and an average cost including complications of $37,745.
Researchers found that exposure to traffic-related air pollutants during the second trimester of pregnancy is associated with reduced lung function in preschool children. Higher levels of benzene and NO2 were linked to impaired lung function, particularly among allergic children and those from lower social classes.
A team of scientists found that female mice are more resistant to respiratory infections due to the presence of an enzyme called nitric oxide synthase 3, which is triggered by estrogen. The researchers hope to develop drugs targeting this enzyme to improve resistance to common lung infections.
Scientists identify tannic acid as a potential treatment for bacterial lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients, counteracting the harmful effects of the Staphylococcus aureus enzyme SMaseC. The discovery suggests that tannic acid may improve therapeutic outcomes for CF patients.
Researchers created a nano-optical sensor to detect trace levels of lung infection in breath, aiming for commercial availability. The device could also monitor environmental conditions.
Research found that prenatal BPA exposure was associated with reduced lung function and increased odds of wheezing in young children. The study examined 398 mother-infant pairs and found a significant link between early pregnancy BPA exposure and respiratory issues.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that ibuprofen can reduce lung inflammation in elderly mice, improving their immune response to tuberculosis. By lowering inflammation, ibuprofen made the lungs of old mice appear younger and more effective at fighting infection.
Researchers have synthesized a material that can absorb large quantities of oxygen from the air and store it, potentially revolutionizing medical devices and artificial photosynthesis. The material, containing cobalt, can be used to bind, transport, and release oxygen in various scenarios.
MIT researchers develop a scaling law to estimate the risk of brain injury for humans and animals, revealing that humans are more vulnerable due to thinner skulls. The method may aid in diagnosing traumatic brain injury and developing protective helmets.
A new study by University at Buffalo confirms that COPD patients breathe easier and report improved health status when using the Lung Flute, a hand-held respiratory device. The six-month study shows significant improvements in symptoms and quality of life.