Articles tagged with Acids
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Dr. Yueh-Lin Loo at the University of Texas at Austin has developed a plastic with changeable conductivity, which can be altered during manufacturing to meet the needs of future electronic devices. This breakthrough could lead to flexible, inexpensive wiring in products such as military camouflage and foldable electronic displays.
Scientists have developed a new type of environmentally friendly plastic that breaks down in seawater, reducing the need for storage on ships. The biodegradable plastics could replace conventional plastics used in various applications at sea, including stretch wrap, food containers, and eating utensils.
Researchers found that hyaluronic acid injections induce type 1 collagen production in photo-damaged skin, suggesting potential benefits for facial skin as well. This mechanism may involve mechanical stretching of fibroblasts, stimulating growth factors and inhibiting collagen breakdown.
Researchers at Yale University have created a protein-like molecule using beta-amino acids, which could have been the natural building blocks of life. The discovery shows that peptides assembled from these non-natural building blocks can fold into structures similar to natural proteins.
Researchers discovered that biofilms in caves increase the rate of cave formation by using sulfur for energy, producing strong acid. Cave biofilms also provide food for various cave creatures and have similarities to dental biofilms and steel ship hull corrosion.
Researchers at Georgia Tech are exploring the production of high-value chemicals from cellulose feedstocks, such as trees and fast-growing plants. These chemicals, worth up to $25 per pound, could help make ethanol produced by biorefineries cost competitive with traditional fossil fuels.
Researchers found that cranberry flavonoids can inhibit the formation of dental plaque polysaccharide matrix, block bacteria adherence, prevent acid formation, and reduce acid tolerance of cariogenic organisms. These compounds may serve as potential anti-caries/anti-plaque agents.
A new study found that patients with healed erosive esophagitis had better acid control and lower heartburn symptom scores compared to those who did not heal. The study suggests that controlling gastric acid levels is key to healing erosive esophagitis.
Scientists have discovered that Streptococcus mutans, a decay-causing organism, can survive without the SRP pathway. The bacteria altered to lack SRP components were able to adapt and survive gradual increases in acid resulting from their own metabolism.
A team of international researchers analyzed the sulphur and iron composition in the wooden timbers of the Mary Rose, an English warship wrecked in 1545. They found high concentrations of organo-sulphur compounds in the lignin-rich areas between the cells, which may have helped preserve the ship while it was submerged in seawater.
The study found that oleanolic acid and other compounds in raisins inhibited the growth of oral bacteria associated with caries and gum disease. Raisin phytochemicals were effective against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis at concentrations ranging from 200 to 1,000 micrograms per milliliter.
A new study finds that oral capecitabine plus oxaliplatin shows comparable efficacy and toxicity profiles to traditional intravenous chemotherapy, offering a more convenient treatment option for patients. The regimen has shown similar response rates and overall survival, with benefits in terms of patient autonomy and quality of life.
Researchers at Boston University have developed a new technique to identify plant species used in ancient textile dyes. This method has led to the discovery of a previously unknown dye component in 1,000-year-old mummies in Peru.
Research by Virginia Tech finds pasture-fed beef has less fat and higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a fatty acid beneficial for human health. The study's goal is to develop efficient, profitable, and sustainable grassland-based production systems in the Appalachian Region.
Researchers found that glycyrrhizic acid from licorice can kill cells infected with the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. The compound targets genes required to maintain the virus in a latent state, potentially leading to novel anti-herpesvirus agents.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that uric acid treatment can prevent inflammation and some damage in mice with spinal cord injuries. Uric acid protected spinal cord neurons from peroxynitrite-related damage, allowing mice to recover motor function faster and to a greater extent than those treated with saline.
Researchers identified mutations in the sialin protein, responsible for transporting sialic acid out of lysosomes. The study found that even milder forms of the disease involve reduced transport activity and potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers studying Acetobacter bacteria have discovered enzymes that resist acid, shedding light on potential treatments for diseases caused by misfolded proteins. The findings could lead to more stable proteins and environmentally friendly industrial processes.
Carborane acids, discovered by researchers at the University of California - Riverside, show great promise in various applications. They are extremely strong, yet gentle, allowing chemists to study important molecules without destroying them. This property enables the carborane acids to add hydrogen ions to weakly basic molecules, maki...
A recent study by Dr. Gene E. Likens and colleagues documents the neutralizing effects of calcium silicate on acidic streams at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. The research found that adding Wollastonite to the stream resulted in a long-lasting buffering effect, suppressing acidity for over four months.
Researchers have developed a chemical that discourages the landing and feeding of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which transmit yellow fever. The discovery provides new hope for combating the deadly disease.
Scientists examine how oleic acid reacts with ozone and water molecules in the atmosphere, producing hazardous byproducts that can cause respiratory problems. The researchers aim to measure the exact amount of these byproducts formed during reactions.
Researchers found that a caterpillar's adaptation to a specific fruit's chemical composition allows it to survive without triggering the plant's defense mechanism, providing a stable food supply. This unique dietary preference also shields the caterpillar from parasites, enabling it to thrive in an otherwise hostile environment.
Researchers have developed a novel method to create well-defined nanostructured carbons using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a precursor. The technique provides significant advantages over existing methods and has potential applications in energy storage/conversion devices and display technologies.
Purdue University researchers found a new twist in a plant formation biochemical pathway, decreasing two acids in plant cell walls to enhance digestibility. This could lead to more nutritious livestock feed and improved crop yields.
Researchers have successfully produced triacetic acid lactone (TAL) by combining the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway with glucose, offering an alternative to traditional methods using petroleum or chemicals. This breakthrough enables the production of TATB, a more stable and sensitive explosive than TNT.
Researchers at Ohio State University developed a bioreactor that increases propionic acid production by 50% and reduces unwanted byproducts. The device uses fibers to anchor cells in place, allowing them to grow and evolve in a harsh environment.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that sulfuric acid combines with methanol to form methyl sulfate, which can contribute to cloud formation and trapping of heat. This interaction may have a significant impact on global climate change, but the conditions required for its formation are still not fully understood.
A recent study suggests a causal relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and sleep apnea, potentially revolutionizing treatment approaches for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The research used advanced monitoring technology to detect non-acid reflux events that may contribute to sleep apnea and arousals.
A new quick screening methodology developed by Los Alamos scientists can identify isotopes in dirty bomb debris in as little as six hours. The procedure uses standard chemical analysis and can characterize Plutonium-239, Uranium-238, Americium-241, Curium-244 and Neptunium-237.
Researchers found that a significant portion of folic acid is poorly absorbed by the body due to its conversion into the monoglutamate form, affecting overall absorption rates. The study suggests increasing dietary advice or product formulations with more easily absorbable forms of folic acid could help address this issue.
Researchers discover new method to produce acetic acid directly from methane, reducing production costs and environmental impact. The breakthrough uses a palladium-based catalyst, but further development is needed to achieve commercial viability.
The study found that many Adirondack lakes have marked decreases in sulfate ion levels and increases in pH and Acid Neutralizing Capacity (ANC), indicating a shift towards more neutral water conditions. However, the rate of improvement is slow, suggesting that recovery may take several decades if current emissions are maintained.
A study found that acidified calcium sulfate is effective in killing Listeria on the surface of cooked products and preventing its regrowth. The treatment was shown to be safe and did not affect the taste or texture of the product, making it a potential solution for improving food safety.
Preservatives can be grouped into three types: antimicrobials, antioxidants, and enzymes that fight natural ripening. Sulfur dioxide blocks microbial growth in foods, while propionates and benzoates help keep bakery products fresh.
Researchers uncover the role of parasympathetic innervation in fat distribution, revealing functional implications for obesity. Additionally, studies explore the molecular mechanisms behind long QT-3 syndrome, immunodeficiencies, and intestinal lymphocyte recruitment, shedding light on novel therapeutic targets.
A team of researchers led by A. Welford Castleman Jr. has discovered exactly how an acid compound dissolves molecule by molecule using water molecules as a solvent. The study found that the interaction of four surrounding water molecules with the hydrogen-bromide molecule tips the energy balance, triggering its eventual dissolution.
Research at Cornell University found that cooking sweet corn increases its antioxidant activity by up to 53% and ferulic acid content by 900%. This boost is due to the release of bound ferulic acid during high-temperature cooking.
Albert Szent-Györgyi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of vitamin C and its extraction from paprika. He pioneered studies on biological oxidation mechanisms, leading to significant advances in biochemical understanding.
Researchers at UC Berkeley report that a combination of two dietary supplements, acetyl-L-carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid, improved the health and cognitive function of old rats. The supplements were found to boost energy-producing organelles in cells, restore memory function, and reduce oxidative damage.
A new study by Howard Hughes Medical Institute researchers suggests that bacterial overgrowth, rather than stomach acidity, may be a major cause of stomach ulcers. The study found that proton pump inhibitors can actually promote the growth of other types of bacteria, including Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus.
Government-mandated folic acid fortification has improved red blood cell folate levels by more than expected, benefiting women of childbearing age and other populations. This increase is also linked to reduced homocysteine levels, a risk factor for vascular disease, heart attacks, strokes, and certain cancers.
Researchers have created a nearly defect-free LB film using steric acid molecules, promising improvements in sensor devices and electrical switches. The breakthrough involves using cadmium ions to lock the molecules together, enabling a single layer without holes or irregularities.
Corn-based biodegradable plastics have won a national award, thanks to Cornell chemist Coates' innovative work in developing polymers that can be easily absorbed by the environment. His research has also led to new applications, such as sutures and drug delivery systems.
A UCSF study found that elderly women who consume a higher amount of animal-based protein compared to vegetable-based protein are at an increased risk of bone loss and hip fractures. The researchers believe this is due to the high acid content in animal products, which can lead to bone dissolution over time.
Researchers at Purdue University have created microspheres that protect medicines from stomach acid and allow controlled release in the intestines. The microspheres use polyacrylic acid, a superabsorbent material, to absorb liquids and release medicine in the small intestine.
A study in rats found that olive oil reduced precancerous tissue and tumours, while increasing the production of anti-cancer prostaglandin E. The research suggests that other constituents of olive oil, such as squalene, flavonoids, and polyphenols, may also protect against cancer.
A genetically-engineered mouse model helps researchers better understand how folic acid protects against neural tube defects and cleft lip/palate by explaining the transport of folic acid within cells. The study may also shed light on why Hispanic women don't seem to benefit from taking folic acid supplements.
Researchers have found dense clumps of formic acid in three interstellar molecular clouds, providing insights into the formation of complex molecules. The discovery could help identify regions where more biologically important molecules might be located, supporting future searches for glycine sources.
The Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has developed a multi-step process to convert levulinic acid from biomass into an important component for alternative fuels, methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF). The new technology produces MTHF with significantly lower costs than current methods.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered a nuclear receptor, FXR, that controls bile acids and cholesterol production. The finding has important implications for developing drugs to control dietary cholesterol in humans.
Elevated homocysteine levels in blood are associated with increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Vitamin supplementation, particularly folic acid, may lower homocysteine levels and reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
A study found that folic acid fortification in cereal grains effectively increases folate intake and reduces homocysteine levels in adults. The research, conducted by the University of Florida, showed consistent good absorption of folic acid from fortified white and whole wheat bread, rice, and pasta.
Chemists at the University of Warwick's Computational Chemistry Group have made significant discoveries about the biological reaction that causes gout. They found that a hydroxide ion is involved in the catalysis process, rather than an oxygen atom, which could lead to the development of inhibitors for the illness.
A new bait made of natural substances has been discovered that kills cockroaches by disrupting their uric acid production, a crucial resource for survival. The bait, developed by Dr. Heather Wren, is effective against both resistant and susceptible strains and shows promise in controlling large populations of German cockroaches.