Nitrogen in the soil cleans the air
Soil nitrogen can remove pollutants from the atmosphere by forming hydroxyl radicals, which oxidize and wash out pollutants. The amount of nitrous acid released depends on soil acidity and water content.
Acids
Articles tagged with Acids
Are those liquids explosive?
Researchers developed a method to analyze confiscated indoor fireworks using four techniques, revealing hazardous substances like methanol and boric acid. The technique can be performed with mobile devices and provides conclusive scientific tests on the nature of these liquids.
SourceSpanish Foundation for Science and Technology·JournalAnalytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·DateAug 18, 2011
New drug aids gout patients not helped by standard treatments
Researchers report significant and sustained clinical improvements in 42% of patients with chronic gout resistant to conventional therapies. Pegloticase lowers uric acid levels and resolves painful swollen joint nodules, improving physical function and quality of life.
UC Riverside chemists transform acids into bases
Researchers at the University of California, Riverside have successfully transformed a family of acid compounds into bases using boron-based ligands. This breakthrough enables a vast array of new catalysts for use in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and material manufacturing, with potential applications yet to be fully explored.
Pest preferences for cranberry cultivars determined
Researchers found six compounds in 'Early Black' cranberry leaves that may deter insects, with gypsy moth larvae preferring these cultivars over 'Howes'. The identified compounds could be investigated as potential insect-feeding deterrents for new cranberry cultivars.
SourceAmerican Society for Horticultural Science·JournalJournal of the American Society for Horticultural Science·DateJun 22, 2011
Apple peel makes mice mighty
Researchers have discovered a potential treatment for muscle wasting disorders using a compound found in apple peel called ursolic acid. The study found that ursolic acid promoted muscle growth and reduced muscle atrophy in mice, while also lowering body fat, blood sugar levels, cholesterol, and triglycerides.
Apple ingredient keeps muscles strong
Researchers identified a natural compound in apple peels as a promising new treatment for muscle wasting. Ursolic acid enhanced insulin signaling and corrected gene signatures linked to atrophy, promoting muscle growth and reducing blood levels of glucose and cholesterol.
Smoke-related chemical discovered in the atmosphere could have health implications
Researchers discovered isocyanic acid, a chemical linked to cataracts and inflammation, in smoke-related environments. The findings highlight the need for more extensive measurement of HNCO in tobacco smoke and indoor biomass burning.
Researchers explain how animals sense potentially harmful acids
A new study identifies the ion channel TRPA1 as the molecular sensor responsible for detecting weak acids in animals. This detection mechanism can trigger cell death and is why animals avoid weak acids, which are found in substances like vinegar and fermented foods.
Same fungus, different strains
Researchers analyzed genome sequences of two Aspergillus niger strains to improve biofuel production. They found unique genes in each strain that contribute to their characteristics, including high citric acid yields and efficient enzyme production.
Greener process for key ingredient for everything from paint to diapers
Researchers have developed a new catalyst that efficiently converts lactic acid into acrylic acid at lower temperatures, offering a sustainable alternative for producing essential industrial materials. This breakthrough could lead to reduced fuel consumption and decreased environmental impact.
International first: Gas-phase carbonic acid isolated
Researchers from Innsbruck and Vienna have isolated gas-phase carbonic acid, a molecule previously thought to be non-existent. The team used infrared spectroscopy to characterize the molecules and found that they exist in at least three different species.
For your teeth, Thanksgiving dinner is a real food fight
Researchers found that compounds in cranberry disrupt enzymes used by bacteria to form plaque, reducing acid production and cavities. Additionally, polyphenols from red wine waste inhibit S. mutans' activity and reduce acid production.
It takes 2: Double detection key for sensing muscle pain
A new study reveals that adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) works in synergy with lactic acid to sense muscle pain. The researchers found that ATP increases the sensitivity of acid sensing channel #3 (ASIC3) on sensory neurons, helping to explain why acid alone is unable to trigger ischemic pain.
Caltech/JPL experiments improve accuracy of ozone predictions in air-quality models
A team of scientists from Caltech and JPL have characterized a key chemical reaction affecting smog formation, suggesting current models underestimate ozone levels by 5-10%. Their findings likely impact air quality predictions, emissions regulation, and health assessments.
Fountain of youth in bile? Longevity molecule identified
Concordia University researchers have identified lithocholic acid (LCA) as a compound that extends the lifespan of normally aging yeast, which shares common elements with humans. The findings suggest that LCA may have significant implications for human health and longevity.
Compounds in nonstick cookware may be associated with elevated cholesterol in children and teens
A study found that children and teens exposed to nonstick cookware compounds PFOA and PFOS have higher total and LDL cholesterol levels. The compounds were associated with increased total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, but not triglycerides.
'Dry water' could make a big splash commercially
Scientists have discovered a substance called 'dry water' that can absorb and store carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases. This powder has the potential to reduce global warming by providing an alternative storage material for these gases.
UM School of Medicine scientists develop new strategy that may improve cognition
Researchers linked kynurenic acid to cognition and found that reducing its levels in mice improved their cognitive function. The study suggests a promising strategy for enhancing memory and treating brain diseases such as Alzheimer's and schizophrenia.
Chemicals that eased one environmental problem may worsen another
Researchers used a computer model to show how HCFCs break down into oxalic acid, contributing to acid rain. The study highlights concerns over the environmental impact of replacing ozone-depleting substances with more potent greenhouse gases.
Bone drug suppresses wandering tumor cells in breast cancer patients
A study published in The Lancet Oncology found that zoledronic acid reduced the number of tumor cells in bone marrow at surgery and improved bone density in women with stage II or III breast cancer. The treatment may also help fight certain types of breast tumors directly.
Uncovering lithium's mode of action
Researchers have found that lithium reduces brain inflammation by increasing levels of anti-inflammatory DHA and decreasing pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid. This dual mechanism may explain why lithium is effective in treating bipolar disorder, and could lead to additional therapeutic uses.
SourceAmerican Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·JournalJournal of Lipid Research·DateMay 21, 2010
Olive oil could guard against developing ulcerative colitis
A study of over 25,000 people found that those with the highest intake of oleic acid had a significantly lower risk of developing ulcerative colitis. Daily consumption of two-to-three tablespoons of olive oil may help prevent the disease, which affects 120,000 people in the UK.
U of I study: Lack of omega-6 fatty acid linked to severe dermatitis
A University of Illinois study found that a specific omega-6 fatty acid is critical for maintaining healthy skin. Without this acid, mice developed severe ulcerative dermatitis, which was reversed when the acid was added to their diet.
SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalJournal of Lipid Research·DateApr 12, 2010
Zoledronic acid helps reduce the spread of breast cancer by preventing chemotherapy-related bone loss
Researchers found that zoledronic acid decreased detectable tumour cells in women with locally advanced breast cancer, particularly after 3 months of treatment. The study suggests zoledronic acid's potential to alter the microenvironment making it less favourable for cancer cells.
Brewing up a gentler java: Dark-roasted coffee contains stomach-friendly ingredient
Research found that dark-roasted coffee, including espresso and French roast, may be less irritating to the stomach due to its high content of N-methylpyridium (NMP), a substance that reduces acid production. This discovery could lead to new, stomach-friendly brews with the rich taste and aroma of regular coffee.
Study reveals new details on the dangers of third-hand smoke
A recent study has found that nicotine in third-hand smoke reacts with nitrous acid to produce dangerous carcinogens, posing a significant health risk to infants and toddlers. The researchers also discovered that even opening windows or using fans does not eliminate the hazard of third-hand smoke.
SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 8, 2010
Engineers explore environmental concerns of nanotechnology
Researchers are exploring the environmental implications of nanotechnology, focusing on the fate and transport of natural and manufactured nanomaterials in ecosystems. Studies have shown that nanoparticles can be toxic if inhaled, and may undergo chemical transformations in the atmosphere, increasing their solubility and potential for ...
Engineers image nanostructure of a solid acid catalyst and boost its catalytic activity
Researchers from Lehigh and Rice universities have developed a novel electron microscopy imaging study to shed light on the nanostructure and nanoscale behavior of a tungstated zirconia solid acid catalyst. The team successfully identified active species, including tungsten oxide clusters, that can improve catalytic performance.
Breakthrough in industrial-scale nanotube processing
Researchers at Rice University have made a breakthrough in industrial-scale nanotube processing, creating a method to produce pure carbon-nanotube fibers that could lead to advances in materials science and nanoelectronics. The process uses chlorosulfonic acid as a solvent, enabling the efficient production of high-quality nanotubes.
Fruit juices contain more vitamin C than their labels indicate
Researchers at the University of Santiago de Compostela have developed a new technique to accurately measure vitamin C in fruit juices and soft drinks. The study found that only two out of 17 samples matched their labels, revealing higher levels of natural vitamin C in other drinks.
American-made SRF cavity makes the grade
The first US-built superconducting radiofrequency niobium cavity to meet the ILC's stringent performance goals has been successfully tested at Jefferson Lab. The cavity, manufactured by Advanced Energy Systems, exceeded the specification of 35 MV/m with an accelerating gradient of 41 megavolts per meter.
New method monitors early sign of oxidative stress in cancer
Researchers have developed a new method to detect early signs of oxidative stress in cancer, which can be used to tailor treatments. The method identifies sulfenic acid in proteins, a marker of oxidative stress, and reveals that different individuals and tumor types have unique redox profiles.
SourceUniversity of Michigan·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateSep 11, 2009
Using microbes for the quick clean up of dirty oil
Researchers used mixed consortia of bacteria to degrade naphthenic acids, a type of toxic compound found in crude oil and tar sands. The microbes broke down the compounds in just a few days, reducing environmental pollution from these areas.
Cellulose-hydrogen production from corn stalk biomass by anaerobic fermentation
Researchers developed a method to convert corn stalk biomass into cellulose-hydrogen using anaerobic fermentation. The study found that pretreatment methods significantly impacted the yields of soluble saccharides and hydrogen, with optimal results achieved at 15 g/L substrate concentration, initial pH 7.0, and 36℃.
Extreme makeover chemistry style
Researchers at Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley have discovered a mild and relatively inexpensive procedure for removing oxygen from biomass, potentially replacing traditional petrochemical feedstocks. The formic acid treatment converts glycerol into allyl alcohol, used to manufacture polymers, drugs, and other chemical products.
Caffeic acid inhibits colitis in a mouse model -- is a drug-metabolizing gene crucial?
Researchers found that caffeic acid, an anti-inflammatory compound, inhibits colitis in mice by increasing CYP4B1 expression. This normalization of the drug-metabolizing enzyme is associated with reduced colitic damage and inflammation responses.
SourceSociety for Experimental Biology and Medicine·JournalExperimental Biology and Medicine·DateMay 26, 2009
Researchers unravel role of priming in plant immunity
Researchers found a naturally occurring compound, azelaic acid, that primes plants' immune systems, allowing them to mount faster and stronger defense responses. The compound, already tested in humans for skin conditions, could lead to an inexpensive and environmentally safe way to improve crop resistance.
Queen's chemist sheds light on health benefits of garlic
Researchers have discovered that an acid produced when garlic decomposes is responsible for its potent antioxidant activity. This finding could explain why garlic has been used as a herbal medicine for centuries and may provide insight into its medicinal benefits.
Maslinic acid provides a natural defense against colon cancer
Researchers have shown that maslinic acid significantly inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in colon-cancer cells. The compound may provide a cheap and effective way to control colon cancer and is being investigated as a potential chemotherapeutic agent.
New evidence that people make aspirin's active principle -- salicylic acid
Researchers have discovered that people naturally produce salicylic acid (SA) in their bodies, which is also found in fruits and vegetables. This finding suggests SA may play a role as an animal bioregulator in fighting inflammation and disease.
Brain compound 'throws gasoline onto the fire' of schizophrenia
Elevated levels of kynurenic acid in the brain have been linked to problem-solving deficits in patients with schizophrenia. The finding suggests that drugs targeting this compound could be used to treat cognitive impairments associated with the disorder.
Is ineffective esophageal motility associated with gastropharyngeal reflux disease?
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found no association between ineffective esophageal motility and gastropharyngeal reflux disease. Patients with IEM had similar acid clearance times as those with normal esophageal motility, suggesting that conventional manometry may not be able to evaluate true esophageal effe...
Link possible between pet food contamination and baby formula contamination
A study published in Toxicological Sciences reveals a possible link between pet food contamination and baby formula contamination, with melamine and cyanuric acid identified as key contaminants. The research suggests that acidification of the urine may be a reasonable treatment option for victims.
AUA 2008: Uric acid stones may indicate arteriosclerotic diseases
Research suggests patients with metabolic syndrome disorders may be more likely to develop uric-acid stones. The study also found that patients presenting with uric acid stones could benefit from additional health screenings to identify related arteriosclerotic diseases.
Blood urate levels associated with the progression of Parkinson's disease
A study of 804 individuals with early Parkinson's disease found that those with higher blood urate levels were less likely to progress and required dopaminergic therapy. The association suggests that urate may protect dopamine-producing neurons, potentially leading to the development of new therapies.
Citrate appears to control buckyball clumping but environmental concerns remain
Researchers at Virginia Tech have found that citric acid can control the clumping of buckyballs, forming sphere-shaped aggregates. However, the long-term implications of this finding are uncertain, with concerns about potential toxicity and environmental impact.
'Invisible' bacteria dupe the human immune system
Researchers at University of York characterize mechanism used by bacteria to evade the human immune system, using an 'invisibility cloak' to move about the body without risk of attack. The discovery of a novel enzyme and its role in capturing sialic acid offers hope for developing novel antimicrobials against these bacteria.
A compound extracted from olives inhibits cancer cells growth and prevents their appearance
Researchers at the University of Granada have found that maslinic acid, a compound present in olive skin wax, has anti-cancer properties. The compound regulates cell growth and is selective in its action on carcinogenic cells.
Treating acne: 2 different acid peels are both effective, study finds
A study published in Dermatologic Surgery found that chemical peels using alpha-hydroxy acid or beta-hydroxy acid are highly effective in reducing facial acne lesions. Both types of treatments yielded similar results, with BHA having slightly fewer side effects and longer-lasting results.
Kilogram quantities at last!
Researchers at the University of Leipzig successfully produce kilogram quantities of isocitric acid from sunflower oil using a combination of biotechnology and chemical steps. This achievement opens up new avenues for synthesizing complex natural products and chiral building blocks.
Naked mole-rats bear chili pepper heat
Researchers have restored the naked mole-rat's ability to feel pain, particularly in response to capsaicin, but remain insensitive to acids. This unique resistance may hold key to developing new pain relief strategies.
Adjuvant chemotherapy could benefit patients with localized colorectal cancer (quasar trial)
The QUASAR trial found that chemotherapy with fluorouracil and folinic acid reduces the risk of recurrence by 22% and death by 18% in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. The absolute improvements are small, but still significant.
Studies highlight little known, but potentially serious, manifestations of acid reflux
Researchers found acid reflux was a significant factor in patients experiencing serious chest pain and persistent cough. A cost-effective diagnostic tool may help determine which patients benefit from anti-reflux surgery.
Cooked ham with a 39 day shelf life
A team of scientists has found a reliable and cost-effective method to extend the shelf life of cooked ham to 39 days by using a protective culture of Lactobacillus sakei. The treatment resulted in a more acceptably taste, texture, and overall quality compared to conventionally preserved ham.
CU researcher engineers sorghum that grows in poisonous soils
Researchers have cloned a novel aluminum-tolerant gene in sorghum, providing insights into how specialized proteins can boost aluminum tolerance in crops. The new genetically-engineered sorghum lines are expected to increase food production on marginal soils in developing countries.
Battling bitter coffee -- chemists vs. main source of coffee bitterness
Researchers found that chlorogenic acid lactones, present in light to medium roast brews, are the dominant source of bitterness. Phenylindanes, derived from lactones, are found at higher levels in dark-roasted coffee and exhibit a more lingering, harsh taste.
University of Oregon researcher finds that on water's surface, nitric acid is not so tough
Nitric acid is less reactive when exposed to air on water's surface, unlike its strong acidic behavior in bulk solutions. This finding has implications for understanding the role of nitric acid in the atmosphere and environment.
Surprisingly, chemists find, some solvents can alter chemical bonds
UB researchers discover that certain solvents can significantly impact acid-base interactions, strengthening chemical bonds between molecules. The study suggests a new tool for initiating these interactions in important biological enzymes.
When the villain becomes your friend: The strange tale of muscle lactate
A study by Frank de Paoli and colleagues reveals that lactic acid and adrenaline work together to protect muscles from potassium ion imbalance. This finding contradicts the long-held idea that lactic acid causes muscle fatigue.