The study reveals that PAR-1 and PAR-2 activation by thrombin and specific peptides differentially regulates eNOS phosphorylation, leading to increased or decreased NO production. PAR-3 induces eNOS-Thr-495 phosphorylation only, whereas PAR-4 is not expressed in human coronary artery endothelial cells.
In a rat model of volume-overload-induced heart failure, LOX inhibition partially restored systolic and diastolic function while reducing cardiac fibrosis and interstitial myocardial collagen. LOX over-activation promotes progressive cardiac fibrosis and heart failure progression.
A new human liver microphysiology platform has been developed to study liver physiology, drug safety, and disease progression. The Sequentially Layered, Self-Assembly Liver (SQL-SAL) model mimics the physiological conditions created by immune, stellate, and endothelial cells.
A study found that subcutaneous insulin infusion does not prevent oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, despite reducing glycemic variability. The therapy also failed to preserve balance of anti- and pro-oxidant species.
Researchers at The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine discovered that the nuclear export of the opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr) is CRM1 dependent. OGFr must translocate into the nucleus to facilitate its role in cell cycle regulation and does so utilizing nuclear localization signals and β and Ran proteins.
Researchers found that female mice with a mutated ITCH gene had reduced implantations and corpora lutea, as well as extended estrous cycles. The study suggests a potential role for ITCH in regulating reproductive function.
MicroRNAs, specifically miR-125a, control endothelial cell proliferation and are increased in lung tissue of hypoxia-exposed animals. Inhibition of miR-125a increases expression of tumor suppressor genes, reducing cell proliferation.
Research reveals that FIH-1 nuclear entry is dependent on HIF-1α translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and is also regulated by the presence of copper. Gene silencing of HIF-1α decreased its nuclear location, while reducing intracellular copper levels suppressed nuclear entry of FIH-1.
An in vitro study found that smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells respond uniquely to mechanical stretching, with different frequencies triggering distinct adaptations. Understanding these responses could lead to cell-type specific activation of vascular cells for improved regenerative medicine strategies.
A new adipogenic cocktail D&R has been developed to induce functional mature adipocytes from MSCs. This cocktail improves energy homeostasis by inducing cells with characteristics of a mature adipocyte, including fat droplets and sensitivity to insulin.
A study found that GPR40 deficiency leads to an aggravated OA phenotype characterized by higher cartilage breakdown and subchondral bone sclerosis. Activation of GPR40 protects joints from OA, providing new insights into innovative strategies for OA management.
Scientists have developed a method for isolating primary human hepatocytes and different non-parenchymal cell fractions from the same donor tissue. The isolation process involves a two-step EDTA/collagenase perfusion technique followed by Percoll density gradient centrifugation, adherence separation, and magnetic activated cell sorting.
A recent study published in Experimental Biology and Medicine identified over 4,000 genes with altered expression in dying neurons, including those involved in cell death, survival regulation, and oxidative phosphorylation. This breakthrough opens doors to future research on novel players regulating neuronal survival and death.
Researchers found that hemin treatment suppresses hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia while reducing pericardial adiposity. Hemin also attenuates adipocyte inflammation and oxidative insults, promoting regeneration of proteins such as beta-catenin and Oct3/4.
Researchers identified OGF-OGFr regulatory pathway as key factor in enhanced cell replication and diabetic wound healing. Topical naltrexone application stimulates cell proliferation, but only when OGFr expression is diminished.
The Microphysiological Systems Program is developing human-on-a-chip models to study cell-cell, drug-cell, and organ-drug interactions. These models have the potential to revolutionize experimental biology and medicine by increasing efficiency and human relevance in pharmaceutical development and testing.
Researchers found that pyruvate oxidation directly influences β-cell growth and maturity, highlighting the importance of glucose metabolism for β-cell mass maintenance. The study demonstrates a critical role for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in regulating β-cell development and plasticity.
Researchers found that anti-dsDNA, surface-expressed TLR4, and endosomal TLR9 cooperate to worsen lupus progression. Co-activation of these receptors triggers a more intense immune response, leading to increased disease severity.
Researchers discovered that nimotuzumab promotes autophagic cell death, enhancing the antitumor effects of chemotherapy and radiation in ESCC cells with high EGFR expression. This finding suggests a potential strategy for improving therapeutic efficacy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Research team discovers changes in glutathione redox potentials between cytosol and mitochondria, indicating different redox requirements for each compartment. Inhibition of GSH synthesis leads to increased mitochondrial oxidation in response to GSH depletion.
The study found that hRAMP1-over-expressing MSCs inhibit neointimal proliferation and improve infarcted heart function in rabbit models. This approach may be useful for treating damaged vessels and the infracted heart.
Researchers isolated and characterized zebrafish neural crest cells that can differentiate into various cell types, including neurons and melanocytes. The study found that retinoic acid significantly inhibits proliferation but enhances migration in these cells.
Human mesenchymal stem cells can undergo spontaneous tumorigenic transformation during cell culture expansion, a finding with significant implications for their clinical application. Researchers identified RNA molecule signatures that may serve as biomarkers to detect these aberrant cells.
Researchers developed a novel biomimetic tissue engineered bone graft that successfully repaired bone defects in rabbits. The graft, consisting of rabbit adipose derived stem cells and a porous beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold, promoted osteogenesis and was biocompatible.
Researchers found that geranylgeraniol suppressed human DU145 prostate carcinoma cell viability via cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis initiation. The compound also down-regulated HMG CoA reductase, a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway.
Researchers discovered that prostacyclin analogs and PDE5 inhibitors synergistically stimulate enhanced ATP release from human red blood cells, a potent vasodilator. This finding has implications for the development of new treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Researchers have discovered that biphasic electrical stimulation can prevent apoptosis in stem cells used to treat spinal cord injuries, offering new hope for patients. The study's findings suggest that BES may be used to improve cell survival and prevent cell death in stem cell-based transplantation therapies.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas have discovered that Bacillus thuringiensis toxin selectively kills malaria-carrying mosquitoes by binding to the BT-R3 receptor. This finding opens up new avenues for designing customized proteins and peptides to combat mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria.
Researchers discovered the OGF-OGFr axis can inhibit proliferation in human triple-negative breast cancer cells, reducing growth within 24 hours. The therapy also confers protection against paclitaxel treatment, a standard breast cancer therapy, and has minimal side effects.
Researchers have characterized the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4B toxin as highly toxic against Anopheles gambiae, a principal vector of malaria. The study demonstrates that Cry4B can kill even Permethrin-resistant mosquito larvae, providing an environmentally safe approach to controlling malaria.
Scientists have discovered that dietary medium chain triglycerides (MCT) can prevent the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with obesity and type II diabetes. MCT substitution for polyunsaturated fat reduces liver fat accumulation and progression of injury, suggesting a potential future therapy.
Scientists found that inhibiting epoxide hydrolase with tAUCB and activating PPARγ with rosiglitazone had synergistic effects on cardiometabolic syndrome, reducing cardiovascular risk factors and kidney disease progression.
A novel thermo-sensitive injectable hydrogel engineered with gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) successfully repairs articular cartilage defects in rabbits. The study demonstrates the potential of tissue engineering combined with gene therapy for managing defective articular cartilage.
Scientists have developed a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to evaluate the cellular proliferation of breast cancer tumor models. This non-invasive technique assesses water diffusion in tumor tissue, correlating it with growth rates.
Researchers found oxidative stress in an animal model of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, which may benefit from antioxidant treatment. The study identifies potential alterations in gene expression pathways that could modify disease development.
Researchers found dramatic imbalances in bone apposition and reabsorption, reduced marrow fat, and increased platelet counts in sleep-deprived rats. These findings suggest potential medical implications for humans, including poor bone repair and increased risk of osteoporosis.
A new formulation of cisplatin has been developed to improve the effectiveness and safety of cancer treatment. The pH-sensitive liposome was able to reduce cancer cell proliferation and increase survival in animal models with no known toxicity clinical signs.
Researchers have identified sphingosine kinase as a key player in promoting resistance to breast cancer therapies, such as tamoxifen. Targeted inhibition of SK has shown potential in inducing cell death and blocking tumor growth in drug-resistant models.
A novel gene therapy strategy using hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) nanoparticles has been developed for cardiac repair. The strategy, known as HRE-VEGF, provides a safer alternative to current VEGF gene delivery systems and shows promise for treating myocardial infarction.
Researchers have identified 29 differentially expressed proteins in maternal serum from pregnancies carrying Down syndrome fetuses. These proteins show promise as potential biomarkers for improving the performance of Down syndrome screening, but further clinical verification is needed.
A study published in Experimental Biology and Medicine revealed that PRDM16 is essential for the normal development of the embryonic palate. The gene was found to regulate over 100 genes involved in diverse processes such as chromatin remodeling and muscle/bone development.
The Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (SEBM) has awarded ten young investigators for their groundbreaking research in the field of biomedical sciences. The awardees include Jie Xie and Zachary Berwick from Indiana University, who investigated human adipose-derived stem cells and coronary microvascular dysfunction respectively.
Lloyd L. Anderson and Holly A. LaVoie receive SEBM's 2012 Distinguished Scientist Award for their groundbreaking contributions to biomedicine. The awards ceremony will take place on April 22nd in San Diego, honoring these pioneering scientists.
The Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (SEBM) recognizes the best papers published in 2011, with winners awarded in Clinical/Preclinical and Translational Research, Experimental Biology, and Interdisciplinary Research. The Interdisciplinary Research Award honors Nobel Laureate Dr. Alan MacDiamid.
A study found that catch-up growth with different diets and resveratrol intervention can improve bone status. Re-feeding with normal chow showed a greater degree of improvement in mineral density than high-fat diet, while resveratrol had protective effects on bone health.
Researchers discovered that reduced expression of OGFr accelerates tumorigenesis in human ovarian cancer. The OGF-OGFr axis plays a fundamental role in regulating cell proliferation.
Research finds that ISG15 pathway disrupts cytoskeletal architecture in breast cancer cells, promoting cell migration and invasion. The study suggests that targeting the ISG15 pathway could provide a therapeutic advantage for patients with metastatic tumors.
Sulfomucins, secreted by intestinal goblet cells, provide critical protection to the intestinal mucosa. Inflammatory cues from microbes and host inflammatory cells modulate sulfomucin production, which is associated with both inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.
Researchers created a novel 3D long-term bone marrow culture system to investigate stromal cell biological function. This system successfully maintained hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for extended periods, enabling the analysis of stromal-cell interactions and regulatory factors.
Researchers developed a novel bipartite gene therapy approach to temporarily preserve photoreceptors in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. The treatment targets defective phosphodiesterase metabolism, reducing cGMP and Ca2+ levels, and showing promise for treating this genetic disorder.