Articles tagged with Aerosols
Dr. John DeVincenzo's research at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital is advancing our understanding of RSV replication, mutation, and treatment options. His lab has developed new techniques to detect minute sub-populations of viruses and assessed the effectiveness of RNA interference-based antiviral therapies.
The Polarimeter Definition Experiment (PODEX) tests new instruments designed to analyze aerosols and clouds, which can impact human health and climate. The experiment aims to develop a new class of polarimeters that can provide more detailed information about aerosols and clouds.
A recent study found that dust's longwave radiation absorption causes more than half of the cooling effect to be countered by warming. This regional phenomenon has significant implications for understanding dust's influence on climate and moisture fluctuations.
Research suggests that pulmonary vaccine delivery can induce a local immune response more effectively than traditional injections, potentially combating pathogens that cause pulmonary diseases. The unique physiology of the respiratory tract makes it an attractive alternative to injections.
A study reviews the efficacy and safety of inhaled drugs commonly used in ICU settings, including antibiotics and diuretics. The article discusses the challenges of aerosol drug delivery and advances in devices contributing to its increasing use and success.
The ER-2 aircraft will fly test models of two future satellite instruments, the Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) and the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL), to gather data on clouds and aerosols. These instruments will be used to improve studies of aerosol transport and cloud motion.
Researchers at DESY and SLAC used the world's most powerful X-ray laser to capture images of single soot particles floating through a beam. The study found that the structure of soot determines how it scatters light, which is crucial for understanding climate models.
A new study reveals that over half of inhaled diesel soot particles remain in the body, penetrating deeper into the lungs. This finding has significant implications for public health and may lead to the establishment of guidelines for soot particle limits in outdoor air.
Satellite data tracked aerosols from Siberian fires to reach America's shores in six days. Images revealed the densest area of smoke over Mongolia, transported across the Pacific Ocean and into Alaska.
Researchers found that pollution strengthens thunderstorm clouds, causing them to capture more heat and warm the atmosphere. The warming effect dominated over cooling, with larger anvils trapping more heat at night.
Researchers used LIDAR technology to track the volcanic ash cloud's movement and composition, revealing a mix of fine and thick particles. The study aimed to improve air navigation safety and provide valuable data for crisis management.
Researchers found that human presence causes a substantial increase in airborne bacterial and fungal particles, with sizes affecting filtration and recirculation. The study, led by Yale University engineers, aims to improve air quality by understanding the dynamics of indoor biological aerosols.
A Canadian study finds that warming of at least 2 degrees Celsius will be unavoidable in mid-to-high latitude regions, including Canada. The research uses an earth system climate model to predict that even with zero greenhouse gas emissions, the world's temperature would continue to rise by about a quarter of a degree over a decade.
Researchers found that inhalation of interferon-gamma three times a week for at least 80 weeks improved lung function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The treatment was well-tolerated and showed no systemic side effects.
Researchers emphasize the need for improved computer models of black carbon and other aerosol pollutants to accurately forecast health and climate impacts. The use of satellite data from NASA-funded projects has shown that air pollution can be transported across continents, with significant effects on local and regional climate.
A new NASA study finds that Earth's energy budget remained out of balance despite unusually low solar activity between 2005 and 2010. The planet continued to absorb more energy than it returned to space, with carbon dioxide levels needing to be reduced to restore equilibrium.
Scientists found satellite data inaccurately measures aerosols' effect on climate, leading to underestimated cooling effect. Researchers need to combine models with satellite data to improve climate predictions.
NASA's MODIS instrument on the Aqua and Terra satellites captured visible images of light brown smoke from wildfires streaming toward the Great Lakes. The data revealed high levels of aerosols, particularly north of the Great Lakes, posing a health hazard due to pollution from Ontario fires.
Researchers developed a model that mimics three predator-prey modes to understand cloud-rain interactions, finding that aerosols affect cloud formation and precipitation. The study provides new insights into the complex relationships between clouds, rain, and aerosols, shedding light on climate patterns and human-induced changes.
Researchers found that clouds cool the earth's surface by several percent, but scattered light can warm it. The effect depends on the measured visible-spectrum wavelength and whether light is direct or scattered.
A study by Brown University researchers found that children were the victims in more than half of emergency room visits for eye injuries related to aerosol cans. The youngest children, ages 0 to 4, accounted for an estimated 2,830 emergency room visits during the study timeframe.
UBC chemists create a new model to predict the optical properties of non-conducting ultra-fine particles, which could inform the design of nano-structures and help study cosmic dust formation. The findings have potential applications in remote sensing and drug delivery systems.
Research shows that even if all greenhouse gas emissions stopped now, Earth would still experience warming due to lingering emissions and aerosol particles. Temperatures could rise up to 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit higher than pre-Industrial Revolution levels.
A study by Virginia Tech researchers found that airborne influenza A viruses can remain suspended in the air for hours and are associated with fine particles less than 2.5 micrometers. The average concentration of viruses was 16,000 per cubic meter of air, which is sufficient to induce infection.
Glory will measure aerosols and solar energy in Earth's atmosphere to refine climate models. The satellite carries two primary instruments: Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) and Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM), which will collect data for at least three years.
Researchers found that inhalation of prion-tainted aerosols induced disease with frightening efficiency in mice, infecting all within a single minute. This discovery challenges the widely held view that prions are not airborne and suggests precautionary measures for scientific labs, slaughterhouses, and animal feed plants.
Researchers found that prion-tainted aerosols can induce disease in mice by transferring to the brain and colonizing it. The study suggests airborne transmission of prions may be a risk, prompting potential regulations to minimize infection risks.
A recent UC Riverside study evaluated five e-cigarette brands, revealing design flaws, inadequate labeling, and quality control concerns. The researchers urge regulators to remove e-cigarettes from the market until their safety is adequately evaluated.
A study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that aerosol transmission of influenza may have occurred in a Hong Kong hospital. The authors identified an unbalanced indoor airflow that spread infectious aerosols across the ward, infecting nine patients.
Researchers found African mineral dust from the Sahara and Sahel regions was the main contributor to forming reddish soils in Mediterranean regions such as Mallorca and Sardinia. The study also revealed that underlying rock contributed to soil formation.
The A-Train constellation of satellites, including Aqua, CloudSat, CALIPSO, and Aura, observe the same path of Earth's atmosphere and surface at various wavelengths. Multi-sensor measurements from the A-Train have helped scientists understand unexpected factors contributing to Arctic sea ice loss in 2007.
The Center for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment (CAICE) will use a wave tank simulator to study aerosol particles' impact on climate. Researchers will add various atmosphere-changing ingredients to measure effects of different variables, aiming to improve representation of aerosol mechanisms in global climate models.
Scientists are struggling to explain the recent increase in Antarctic sea ice extent, with a new study suggesting that ozone depletion is not the primary cause. Meanwhile, researchers have also gained new insights into lunar topography using high-resolution data from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter. Additionally, a study on Earth's r...
A new paper in Nature suggests that a sudden cooling event in Northern Hemisphere oceans between 1968 and 1972 played a key role in the observed hiatus of global warming during the mid-20th century. The research found that this cooling event was most pronounced in the northern North Atlantic.
A NOAA study found that clouds exhibit oscillating patterns influenced by precipitation, creating regular rainfall events. The discovery highlights the impact of aerosols on large-scale cloud structure and climate change, suggesting a more complex understanding of interactions between aerosols and clouds.
Researchers found that e-cigarettes need more suction to produce smoke compared to conventional brands, with aerosol density dropping after the first ten puffs. This decrease in density may lead to compensatory smoking and unpredictable nicotine delivery.
A recent study found that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) explanation for global warming is flawed, with ENSO contributing less than a third of the signal. Meanwhile, researchers question whether permafrost thaw poses a reduced risk to global warming due to its potential impact on greenhouse gas emissions.
Research reveals how aerosols from pollution contribute to isolated thunderstorm clouds, improving climate scientists' understanding of the interaction between aerosols and clouds. Wind shear plays a crucial role in determining whether pollution swells or saps storms, with strong wind shear conditions hindering thunderhead formation.
Researchers find human activities like power plants emit harmful particles that speed up blue haze formation, affecting cloud formations and global climate. Blue haze can also exacerbate breathing problems for people with asthma or emphysema.
Researchers analyzed literature to find that aerosol particles interact with clouds in a complex way, affecting precipitation patterns. They suggest focusing on specific cloud systems and rethinking aerosol research to better understand the dust particles' role in climate change.
New research suggests that pollution from Asia, Europe and North America may contribute to recent Australian rainfall changes. Human-generated aerosols from the northern hemisphere are thought to drive changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, leading to increased rainfall in north-western and central Australia.
Air pollution in eastern China has reduced the amount of light rainfall and decreased days of light rain by 23 percent, affecting crop growth and health. Researchers found that smaller water droplets created by aerosols impede rain cloud formation.
The Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) initiative uses portable photometers to measure aerosol concentrations over the oceans, contradicting satellite measurements at high latitudes. Researchers hope to improve confidence in aerosol measurements to better predict climate responses to global temperature increases.
A new project aims to design advanced global models of aerosols, addressing uncertainty in climate change predictions. The study will quantify the levels of uncertainty of each process leading to aerosol production.
Researchers identify aerosols as a crucial factor in shaping Australian rainfall patterns, with potential impacts on future climate change. Aerosol pollution from Asia may be responsible for changes in rainfall patterns in northern Australia.
The US Department of Energy is providing funding for four field studies on climate research, with a focus on clouds and aerosols. The studies aim to improve computer models simulating climate change by gathering data on various cloud types and their interactions with radiation and aerosols.
The NASA Glory mission aims to measure airborne particles more accurately from space, shedding light on the aerosol effect on climate change. Participants can send their names on a microchip that becomes part of the spacecraft, with a deadline for submission set for Nov. 1, 2008.
A team of scientists has developed a new framework to better account for the impact of aerosols on precipitation in climate models. The study suggests that increased aerosol loading may lead to changes in precipitation patterns, affecting regional water resources and global climate systems.
The CLOUD experiment aims to understand the role of cosmic rays in cloud formation and climate change. By simulating cosmic ray intensity, researchers plan to uncover details of aerosol and cloud formation mechanisms.
Researchers developed an analytical model to explain how aerosols influence cloud development and coverage. The study found that human-caused aerosols can increase or decrease cloud cover, depending on the region and time.
Scientists use A-Train sensors to find that polluted clouds in South America produce less rain during dry season. The study suggests aerosol pollution suppresses rainfall due to smaller ice particles not growing large enough to fall as rain.
Scientists at PNNL developed a way to reduce cloud-induced glare when satellites measure blue skies on cloudy days, allowing for more accurate estimates of sunlight penetration. The new approach improves visibility by as much as ten-fold in some cases, enabling better climate modeling.
A new NASA study uses satellite data to estimate the amount of pollution from East Asian forest fires, urban exhaust, and industrial production that reaches western North America. The study estimates that 15% of local US & Canada emissions are offset by pollution aerosols coming from East Asia.
A new aerosol version of the most common TB vaccine administered directly to the lungs via oral mist provides significantly better protection against TB in experimental animals. The vaccine could offer a safer, more consistent treatment option with reduced need for refrigerated storage.
Saturn's rings exhibit fine-scale structures with periodic radial variation in optical depth, while daily fluctuations in streamflow can be influenced by flow velocity. Internal waves in the Pacific Ocean are also studied for their impact on oceanic mixing and energy transport.
Researchers at the University of Michigan developed a new model that matches real-world measurements of saltation better than classical theory. This new knowledge helps scientists understand how aerosols are released, affecting Earth's climate by blocking and absorbing sunlight.
A UW researcher found that dust from the Gobi and Taklimakan deserts in China and Mongolia is routinely present in the air over the western United States during spring months. Particles of 2.5 microns or less, which can be inhaled deeply into the lungs, increase in concentration in years with large Asian dust storms.
The EUCAARI project aims to improve knowledge on the impact of fine particles on climate and air quality. A global network of measuring stations, including those in Brazil, South Africa, China, and India, will collect data on European air through both ground-based and airborne measurements.
Scientists discover extensive 'twilight zone' of particles beyond individual clouds, affecting up to 60% of atmosphere previously labeled as cloud-free. The discovery complicates climate change predictions and may require recalculating estimates of solar energy reflection.
A new NASA study finds that Earth's 'sunscreen' of aerosols has declined since the early 1990s, which could have given a boost to global warming. The finding sheds light on recent climate change trends and may lead to improved understanding of the forces at work.