Articles tagged with Oxidation
Research found that chronic severe hepatitis B patients had significantly lower glucose oxidation rates and higher fat oxidation rates compared to acute hepatitis and cirrhosis patients. Upon recovery, patients showed improved energy metabolism, with increased glucose oxidation rates and decreased fat oxidation rates.
Researchers used aberration-corrected STEM instruments to visualize individual gold atoms on iron oxide surfaces, discovering that bilayer nanoclusters with 10 gold atoms are most active in CO conversion, achieving up to 100% efficiency
Researchers from Lehigh University and Cardiff University have identified gold nanoparticles triggered by bilayer clusters as responsible for the critical CO oxidation reaction. The discovery could help protect hydrogen fuel cells and firefighters entering burning buildings.
Scientists discover that glutathione peroxidase 4 senses and translates oxidative stress into a distinct signaling pathway leading to cell death, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for mitigating degenerative diseases. This discovery sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and its role in cellular damage.
Researchers at Brandeis University have uncovered a molecular switch in the 'nature's blowtorch' enzyme cytochrome P450. The protein chain can change its structure through a 180-degree rotation, allowing for precise control over oxidation reactions.
A new biosensor measures the oxidation state of glutathione, an important protection molecule, to detect cellular stress. The sensor is highly sensitive and precise, allowing researchers to track short-term variations in oxidative processes.
A study by University of Iowa researchers reveals a new dimension for a key heart enzyme and sheds light on an important biological pathway involved in cell death in heart disease. The team found that oxidation can sustain the enzyme's activity, which is implicated in arrhythmias, hypertrophy, and heart cell death.
A new study by University of Illinois researchers found that grape-seed extract is a viable natural alternative to synthetic ingredients for preserving meat quality in pre-cooked meals. The extract's phenolic compounds have been shown to be effective antioxidants in slowing the oxidation of fats.
David Farb's abstract details how antioxidants affect dopamine release from synaptosomes, suggesting potential for treating oxidative damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidants like glutathione and NAC may rapidly stabilize dopamine release, raising their therapeutic potential.
Researchers found a small but significant amount of oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere 2.5 billion years ago, with oxygen nearly undetectable just before that time. The discovery provides compelling evidence for a shift in the oxidation state of the surface ocean 50 million years before the Great Oxidation Event.
A genetic metabolic defect in the liver can lead to obesity in some individuals, a study published in Metabolism reveals. The defect impairs the body's ability to burn fat, leading to increased hunger and overeating.
During exercise, muscles primarily use carbohydrate and fat as fuels, shifting from fat to glucose with increasing intensity. The study found that adaptations in the rest of the body, not muscle itself, drive this shift.
Researchers have discovered that faulty DNA repair contributes to the onset of Huntington's disease. The study suggests that targeting a key enzyme in oxidative lesion repair may offer a way to slow or stop the disease.
A recent study found that caloric restriction can reduce oxidative damage in muscle cells and improve mitochondrial function. The researchers discovered that limiting calorie intake without malnutrition can slow aging and delay the onset of age-related diseases.
A genetic 'switch' drives the formation of a poorly understood type of muscle in mice. These mice exhibit increased endurance and can sustain longer periods of physical activity.
Researchers found that consuming olive oil significantly reduced oxidative damage and waste by-products in Northern European subjects. The study suggests that olive oil's phenols and other compounds have anti-cancer effects, supporting its inclusion as a healthy food.
Researchers have discovered a biochemical pathway by which the sex hormone androgen increases levels of reactive oxygen species in the prostate gland, contributing to prostate cancer development. A new drug, MDL 72,527, has been shown to block this pathway, significantly prolonging survival and inhibiting tumour growth in mice.
A new Loma Linda University study confirms that eating pecans daily can inhibit unwanted oxidation of blood lipids, reducing the risk of heart disease. The research found that pecans contain gamma tocopherol, a form of vitamin E, which protects fats from oxidation.
A team of researchers used a sophisticated laser system to gain evidence that neuromelanin, a dark brown pigment accumulating in brains, consists of layers of two other pigments: eumelanin and pheomelanin. This structural arrangement may play a critical role in the neurodegenerative cascade behind Parkinson's disease.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have found a protein associated with brain cell death in Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that the multi-domain protein Vav plays a critical role in triggering a cascade of reactions leading to oxidative damage and neural cell death, a key characteristic of Alzheimer's.
A study published in Biochemistry reveals that damage to proteins caused by oxidative stress is linked to a natural byproduct called nitration, which could be used to predict the earliest stages of brain impairment. The research uses the most detailed proteomic analysis of a mammalian brain to date.
Researchers found a connection between DJ-1 protein and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease, suggesting that environmental toxins may trigger oxidative stress. The study suggests that understanding the role of DJ-1 may lead to the development of new treatments for Parkinson's disease and potentially other neurological disorders.
Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have developed a durable, low-cost, and easy-to-apply ceramic-based aluminide coating that prevents corrosion, oxidation, carburization, and sulfidation in hostile environments. The coating bonds with the metal substrate and is resilient, inexpensive, and simple.
Researchers at Lehigh University have determined the structure of a type of gold-palladium nanoparticle, which is crucial for an environmentally friendly catalyst promoting the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. The catalyst outperformed similar ones in terms of efficiency.
A team of researchers developed fine-tunable carbon-supported gold catalysts that can achieve selective hydrocarbon oxidation under mild conditions. The catalysts enable the conversion of unsaturated hydrocarbons to oxygen-containing organic compounds with higher yields and environmental friendliness.
Researchers found that the pigment produced by cells in black-haired people has a thermodynamically unfavorable oxidation potential, while that of red-headed individuals is favorable. This difference may contribute to increased oxidative stress and skin cancer risk in redheads.
Researchers discovered that a lack of enzyme ACC2 turns fat cells into fat burners, leading to increased oxidation of fatty acids and glucose. This transformation contributes to improved energy maintenance and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
Researchers at Emory University have successfully created a unique metallic molecule, breaking the record for stable metal-oxo species. The breakthrough enables new insights into improving existing technology, particularly in automobile catalytic converters and fuel cells.
The study identifies special bonding states at silicon / silicon dioxide interfaces, which can be observed due to the structure of a (111)-terminated silicon crystal. Nonlinear-optical spectroscopy provides high interfacial sensitivity, allowing for detailed analysis of oxidation processes.
A team of researchers has successfully synthesized polyols from soy oil through air oxidation, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based chemicals. This breakthrough could lead to the development of biocompatible and biodegradable materials for various industries.
The study reveals that nanoparticles are 30 times more efficient at promoting manganese oxidation than bulk material. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption that manganese oxidation requires bacteria, suggesting particle size may play a key role.
The MILES IGERT program aims to develop antioxidant delivery systems, novel biocompatible synthetic polymer delivery systems, and natural and synthetic macromolecular antioxidants. Researchers are exploring controlled release of antioxidants by polymeric films and investigating the biomedical implications of oxidation processes.
The study found that oxidation damages certain kinds of messenger RNA, leading to abnormal protein processing and neuronal death. Researchers discovered specific types of mRNA susceptible to oxidative damage, which may contribute to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Research shows estrogens can act as antioxidants, protecting HDL from oxidation and enhancing its ability to shield LDL from damage. High levels of HDL also protect LDL when estrogens are present, with different estrogens displaying varying antioxidant potency.
Rotarians have awarded Penn a $250,000 grant for Alzheimer's research using funds from their Coins for Alzheimer's Research Trust. This grant builds on the work of Domenico Praticó, who has identified isoprostanes as a promising new avenue for treating Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers are developing a sensor to monitor carbon-carbon composite materials in structures. The team uses ultrasound to identify degradation mechanisms and contamination effects, enabling them to quantify the impact on material integrity. They expect to complete a prototype sensor system by 2003.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that drinking Concord grape juice for two weeks increases the resistance of LDL cholesterol to oxidation. This reduction in oxidative stress may contribute to a lower risk of heart disease and stroke.
Research reveals women fatigue less than men under aerobic conditions, but equally when deprived of oxygen. Efficient utilization of aerobic pathways results in reduced by-product production, leading to decreased muscle fatigue. Further study is needed to explain the mechanism behind this difference.
Researchers used x-ray absorption spectroscopy to analyze the chemistry of wood decay in the Vasa, finding evidence of sulfur accumulation and oxidation. They recommend regulating environmental conditions and replacing iron bolts with inert materials to slow damage.
Researchers have discovered that synthetic catalytic anti-oxidants can rescue a severe neurological phenotype and enhance lifespan of mice engineered to undergo oxidative damage. Treatment with these compounds resulted in a dramatic improvement in survival rate and reversal of neurodegenerative disorders.
A study found that consuming cocoa and dark chocolate slowed LDL oxidation by 8% and boosted total antioxidant capacity. However, experts stress the importance of a balanced diet that includes a variety of whole foods to support overall cardiovascular health.
A new study from the University at Buffalo reveals that obese individuals carry a massive oxidative load that increases their risk of heart disease. Severe calorie restriction decreases free radical production by over 50%, reducing the risk of developing heart disease without medication.
A one-year study found that moderate vitamin E supplementation can slow the oxidation of LDL cholesterol in diabetics, reducing their risk of cardiovascular disease. The authors suggest that uninterrupted long-term supplementation may be preferable over short-term 'cures' using high-doses or intravenous administration.
Researchers found that diets rich in fruits and vegetables reduce lipid oxidation, protecting against atherosclerosis. The study, part of the DASH clinical trial, showed participants who ate more fruits and veggies had lower breath ethane levels, indicating increased antioxidant protection.
Researchers at Emory University found that vitamin E supplementation decreased autoantibodies associated with oxidation of lipoproteins in healthy women. The study suggests that antioxidants like vitamin E may help attenuate oxidation and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.
Emory University researchers suggest that high estradiol levels increase MPO, which oxidizes LDL and clears it via the liver. This mechanism may explain estradiol's protective effects on cardiovascular disease.
Participation in an atherosclerosis treatment program reduced plasma total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations. The LDL content of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene was also increased, leading to a decrease in LDL oxidation.
Daily consumption of a tomato-based juice supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene significantly decreased breath pentane excretion and improved LDL oxidation resistance. Increased plasma lycopene concentrations were also found to be correlated with antioxidant defenses.
A clinical trial found that synthetic and natural vitamin E are equally powerful antioxidants in preventing heart disease. The study, published in the American Heart Association Journal, used equivalent doses of both forms of vitamin E and found no significant difference in their effects on low-density lipoproteins (LDL) or LDL oxidation.
Researchers at UB University have developed a new method to improve battery performance using thermal oxidation, allowing for increased electron transfer rates and reduced processing costs. This breakthrough has the potential to significantly impact the industry, particularly in terms of cost savings.