Articles tagged with Oxidation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a novel catalyst using manganese dioxide (MnO2) that accelerates the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, generating new raw materials for bio-based plastics. The team found that the crystal structure of MnO2 is crucial for catalytic activity.
A new gold recycling method has been developed using pyridinethiols and hydrogen peroxide, allowing for efficient extraction of gold from electronic waste. The process produces a stable cationic gold-containing product in organic solution, with nearly quantitative dissolution of gold after 20 minutes.
Individuals with childhood trauma exhibit decreased hippocampal volume and correlations with high blood oxidation status, differing from those without trauma. This redox dysregulation may lead to distinct symptom profiles and cognitive deficits in psychosis patients.
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have created subnano-sized metallic particles that can perform 50 times higher catalytic activity than well-known Au-Pd bimetallic nanocatalysts. These particles are cost-effective and environmentally friendly, making them a promising solution for reducing pollution.
KAIST chemists have synthesized seven different iboga and post-iboga natural products from catharanthine, mirroring nature's biosynthetic post-modification of the iboga skeleton. The novel strategy involves selective oxidation and rearrangement reactions, offering a stepping stone for developing therapeutic medications against cancer a...
Scientists have discovered that organic aerosols in the atmosphere are more varied and complex than previously thought. Analyzing air samples from forests and urban environments, researchers found that up to 70% of compounds changed over consecutive samples, highlighting the need for improved air pollution control policies.
Researchers at Lobachevsky University have synthesized a high-purity sample of barium hypomanganate chloride and characterized its crystal structure and chemical environment. The study has stabilized the degree of manganese oxidation and measured its isobaric heat capacity, revealing anomalous behavior below 15K.
Scientists have developed an antibody that blocks the inflammatory and oxidative activity of fibrin, a blood protein that contributes to neurodegeneration in the brain. The treatment has shown promise in reducing inflammation and neurodegeneration in both mouse models of multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have characterized the electrochemical properties of polyaniline and polyaspartic acid thin films using NMR techniques. They found that PASP outpaces polyaniline in catalyzing hydroquinone and catechol oxidation, suggesting its potential as a catalyst.
Researchers have developed a novel method to assess the quality of iron oxide samples, enabling them to understand their effects on patient safety. By combining gamma ray spectroscopy with 'center of gravity' analysis, scientists can quantify diffusive oxidation processes and track changes over time.
Researchers have introduced a novel approach to tune transient radical reactivity, achieving selective radical/radical cross-coupling. The four methods proposed by the authors allow for the translation of transient radicals into persistent intermediates, facilitating the reaction.
Ajoene, a stable organosulfur compound in garlic oil extracts, has similar health-promoting effects to allicin and exhibits anticancer activity. Researchers have developed a total synthesis approach to produce ajoene with improved yields, paving the way for its further evaluation in medicinal research.
Researchers used a novel experimental setup with quantum chemical calculations to understand organometallic catalysts. They were able to empirically test and validate calculations for oxidation and reduction processes on the entire molecule, providing new insights into redox processes in complex systems.
A KAIST team identified that the formation of metal-oxide interfaces has a synergistic catalytic effect on bimetal catalysts. This is achieved through in situ imaging, revealing that interfacial platinum-nickel oxide nanostructures increase catalytic activity while providing thermodynamically efficient reaction pathways.
Researchers at Osaka University have elucidated the activation mechanism of nanoporous gold catalysts, making poisonous CO gas harmless. The study used atomic-scale resolution environmental transmission electron microscopy and computer simulations to reveal the role of residual impurities in catalyzing chemical reactions.
Researchers have demonstrated the unique potential of carbon nitrides as hosts for isolated metal atoms, including palladium, in various crystalline forms. The study found that varying the lattice structure significantly impacts the strength of the metal-host interaction, leading to improved catalytic activity and selectivity.
Researchers found that sunlight has a significant impact on oil clean-up efforts, decreasing dispersant effectiveness by four-fold. The study's findings suggest that photochemical oxidation, triggered by sunlight, is a dominant weathering process that should be considered in future field manuals and oil spill response guides.
A new model considers three stages of oxidation and predicts that heavy loads compress alloys, absorbing less oxygen, while stresses pull them apart, allowing more oxygen to infiltrate. The team's framework matches data in microelectromechanical devices, aiming to improve device performance.
Researchers at KAIST have developed a technology to increase the stability of amine-containing adsorbents by fifty times. This advancement brings solid carbon dioxide adsorbents closer to commercialization and paves the way for efficient capture of greenhouse gases.
Researchers investigated the oxidative unzipping mechanism of MWCNTs, revealing an intercalation-driven process. The study showed that controlling the KMnO4/MWCNT ratio and reaction time allows for the production of GNRs with varying properties, from multi-layered graphenic nanoribbons to single-layered GONRs.
UCR researchers have developed a cost-effective way to improve the removal of pollutants from wastewater using Advanced Oxidation Processes. By adding a co-catalyst, they can dramatically reduce the amount of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous catalyst needed, preventing the formation of an iron-containing sludge.
A calorie restriction trial in healthy adults aged 21-50 found significant improvements in biomarkers of aging, including reduced oxidative stress and slowed metabolic rate. The study suggests that sustained calorie restriction may help decrease risk for chronic disease and prolong life.
Scientists have discovered a beet compound that may help alleviate Alzheimer's symptoms by inhibiting the misfolding of proteins in the brain. The study found that betanin, a compound in beet extract, reduced oxidation of proteins associated with the disease, potentially slowing its progression.
Researchers found that chlorine bleach is a crucial ingredient in the toxic cocktail used by immune cells to destroy bacteria. The discovery sheds light on how some bacteria outsmart the immune system and how genetic defects can impair it.
Researchers found a substance indicating oxidative damage increases in urine as people get older, potentially providing a method to measure biological age. The study measured 8-oxoGsn levels in human urine samples from Chinese residents aged 2-90 years old, finding an age-dependent increase in urinary 8-oxoGsn.
The study reveals differences in oxidation behavior between crude oil and its SARA fractions, with saturated hydrocarbons oxidizing well under low temperatures. Asphaltenes emit more heat under higher temperatures, highlighting the direct link between SARA fraction ratios and oxidation behavior.
Researchers at Tohoku University developed a new technique to analyze isomers in edible oil using HPLC-MS/MS, revealing the specific oxidation compounds in canola oil resulting from heat and light. The study suggests packaging canola oil in dark containers and adding antioxidants like carotenoids to reduce oxidation.
Researchers found that high atmospheric oxygen levels were not critical to the origin of animals, but rather occurred between 540 and 420 million years ago. The transition to a world with an oxygenated deep ocean required significant changes in atmospheric O2 levels, which approached modern levels around 400 million years ago.
Researchers at Ruhr-Universität Bochum have developed a novel process for analyzing the temperature and oxidation resistance of complex alloys, reducing test time from months to days. The method, which combines multiple techniques, allows for rapid testing of high-performance materials.
Physicists from Friedrich Schiller University Jena have developed a new method to obtain multiple types of information simultaneously from the interior of nanoscale building blocks. The method uses a finely focussed X-ray beam to extract data on composition, oxidation grade and internal electrical fields without damaging the components.
Researchers discovered oxidative enzymes that work together with hydrolytic enzymes to break down cellulose. The study observed these enzymes on the surface of cellulose particles using atomic force microscopy, providing direct evidence of their activity.
Researchers have developed a novel route to produce polyamide 6 by catalytically oxidizing cyclohexane with ferrocene in an ionic liquid medium. The process is highly selective and efficient, achieving over 98% selectivity and high turnover frequencies. This method has the potential to replace traditional industrial production processes.
Researchers develop a highly selective, fast, and reusable catalytic system for the mild oxidation of cyclohexane to produce polyamide 6. The found [Fe(C5H5)2]/[P6.6.6.14][DCA] catalytic system can be applied to produce polyamide 6.
A study published in BMC Nutrition found that consuming sugar-sweetened drinks with high-protein meals reduced fat oxidation, leading to increased fat storage. The researchers also discovered that the combination of a sugary drink and a protein-rich meal increased cravings for savory and salty foods.
Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a multifunctional catalyst that can oxidize both hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the same reaction system. The catalyst mimics the behavior of two enzymes and shows promise for increasing energy production efficiency from hydrogen fuel cells.
Researchers developed a new photocatalyst by integrating Cu2O nanoparticles with H2Ti3O7 nanotubes, showing improved photocatalytic activities for organic pollutant degradation. The composite exhibits stronger visible spectral response and wider absorbance, reducing bandgap energy and inhibiting electron-hole pair recombination.
Researchers discovered the P700 oxidation system in plants to suppress reactive oxygen species production, allowing safe photosynthesis. The system starts functioning when excess light energy is present, serving as a warning marker for oxidative stress.
Research found that Sherpas have evolved to produce more efficient red blood cells and nitric oxide levels, allowing them to adapt to low oxygen environments. This study could lead to new ways of treating hypoxia in ICU patients, who often experience life-threatening complications due to lack of oxygen.
Scientists study how iron nanoparticles oxidize at the nanoscale, forming unique structures like hollowed-out nanoshells. They combine experimental techniques with computer simulations to gain insight into the Kirkendall effect.
Researchers at Kobe University have clarified part of the photosynthetic reaction center mechanism, unlocking a crucial step towards artificial photosynthesis. The findings reveal the initial electric charge separation structure and its stabilization through electrostatic interaction between charges.
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory and University of California - Irvine have identified a new chemical attribute of plutonium, the +2 oxidation state in a molecular system. This finding expands our knowledge of actinide chemistry and paves the way for further exploration of transuranic molecules.
The study identifies a direct role for MCU complex in mitochondrial ROS-sensing, with oxidation-induced S-glutathionylation regulating activity during inflammation and cell survival. The findings could have implications for understanding metabolic disorders and neurological and cardiovascular diseases.
Researchers discovered oxide nanostructures with diameters below 3nm display superior oxidation resistance than larger counterparts. The 'dynamic size effect' mechanism determines the stability of supported nanoparticles, enabling the development of anti-corrosion materials.
A new model for defining healthy eating is presented in a review article, taking into account caloric load, cellular respiration, and food perception. The study aims to reduce the risk of weight gain and cardiometabolic disease by understanding the complex factors involved.
Termite queens have higher antioxidative enzyme levels and lower oxidative damage than other termites, suggesting an anti-aging mechanism that enables their longevity. This efficient antioxidant system allows the queens to live longer despite high fertility.
Researchers have characterized the critical function of the Zf-GRF domain in manipulating DNA during repair processes. The domain is essential for APE2 enzyme activity, enabling it to bind to single-stranded DNA and facilitate its 3'-5' resection.
A protein called Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) has been identified as a key player in protecting telomeres from oxidative damage. By analyzing the protein composition of telomeres across the cell cycle, researchers found that PRDX1 functions as an antioxidant enzyme, preserving telomeric DNA for extension by telomerase.
Scientists have discovered that hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) establish metabolic boundaries between cardiomyocytes to regulate maturation and contraction of the muscle. This pathway challenges previous models on heart metabolism, playing a critical role in correct formation of ventricles.
A study on Nitrososphaera viennensis reveals that specific genes and adaptations enable terrestrial archaeal ammonia oxidizers to thrive. The research provides insights into the energy metabolism of Archaea and its implications for agricultural soils and potential medical applications.
Scientists from the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research have published a comprehensive study revealing that current climate models overestimate the impact of dimethyl sulfide on oceanic clouds. The study found that aqueous-phase chemistry significantly reduces sulfur dioxide emissions, contradicting earlier projections.
A Lund University research team identified high levels of reactive oxygen species in newly generated blood stem cells from pluripotent stem cells, damaging their function. The researchers developed a cocktail to reduce oxidative damage, resulting in over twenty times more blood stem cells that could grow.
Researchers from FAU and Freie Universität Berlin have synthesised an iron compound in the rare oxidation state +4, a milestone in synthetic chemistry. The new molecule exhibits unique structural properties due to supramolecular interactions between ions.
Researchers found guarana to have higher antioxidant capacity than green tea due to its high catechin content. The study showed guarana reduced oxidative stress and improved lipid profiles in healthy volunteers.
A new study found that p-synephrine ingestion increased the rate of fat oxidation and reduced carbohydrate oxidation during low- to moderate-intensity exercise. This suggests that p-synephrine supplements could be useful in increasing fat burn by up to 7g per hour of exercise.
Research shows that pregnant mongooses reduce their levels of toxic metabolites to protect their offspring, but this comes at the cost of potential long-term harm to themselves. The study found that mothers with lower oxidative damage were more successful in reproducing and raising healthy pups.
A new study from Johns Hopkins Medicine found that the liver plays a vital role in balancing fats and sugars, even when its ability is impaired. The research suggests that other tissues can step in to compensate for the liver's limitations, but if the liver fails, it can lead to a lethal onslaught of fat.
Drexel materials scientists have created a boride material that resists oxidation at extremely high temperatures, thanks to its nanolaminated structure and protective aluminum oxide coating. The material's unique behavior has potential applications in harsh environments, such as combustion engines and cutting tools.
Researchers found that pregnant females reduce oxidative damage to shield their offspring, which is linked to adult survival in both sexes. The study also suggests that oxidative damage can be a marker for fertility and survival across species.
Researchers developed a line of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, SkQ-ions, to protect cardiolipin molecules from oxidation. The study revealed that small doses of synthetic antioxidants could provide a distinct therapeutic effect despite the presence of large quantities of natural antioxidants.
Scientists at Binghamton University used state-of-the-art microscopy techniques to study copper oxidation, revealing new insights into its atomic-level mechanisms. Their findings aim to develop alloys with improved resistance to corrosion in water systems, a critical step towards preventing future public health crises.