Articles tagged with Oxygen
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new theory proposes that a sharp decrease in nickel-rich volcanism led to the decline of methanogen bacteria, causing oxygen levels to rise. The discovery suggests approximately 2.4 billion years ago was when the planet became oxygenated, allowing complex life forms to evolve.
Researchers have developed a new mechanism for water splitting, which generates oxygen gas from water molecules. The process is divided into three stages, utilizing light and heat to produce clean fuel.
A team of Penn biochemists designed a simple and robust oxygen-transporting protein using design principles inspired by nature. They successfully created the protein, which can transport oxygen, using a set of simple design principles.
Research by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists discovered water acts as a catalyst in complex explosive reactions at high temperatures and pressures. Water transports oxygen between reaction centers, challenging the current view that it's just a stable detonation product.
Chemists have visualized a chemical reaction that splits water into oxygen and hydrogen, improving our understanding of processes like hydrogen production and pollution cleanup. The discovery reveals that water can act as a catalyst, enabling the movement of adatoms on a metal oxide slab.
A team of researchers has illuminated the structure of reactive oxygen species in a vital enzyme using a unique light-based probing technique. The study reveals details about flavoproteins involved in biochemical reactions, including oxygen activation, which is essential for energy conversion in animals and plants.
A Stanford researcher has quantified the enormous size jumps of life on Earth, finding two major leaps: one 1.6 billion years ago and another 600 million years ago. These increases were triggered by significant boosts in atmospheric oxygen levels, which enabled eukaryotic cells to develop and multi-cellularity to emerge.
Researchers from UC San Diego and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have eliminated one model explaining the unusual oxygen isotope mix found in a stony meteorite. The team found that molecular symmetry, rather than photoshielding, is responsible for the anomaly, which challenges our understanding of solar system formation.
Under high pressure, oxygen molecules interact through their outermost electron clouds, increasing interactions and changing orbital locations. This leads to the formation of molecular clusters like (O2)4 at pressures about 10,000 times atmospheric, with potential applications in new materials and technologies.
Researchers have discovered an efficient way to produce oxygen from water using a simple and inexpensive technique involving cobalt and phosphates. This breakthrough has significant implications for the large-scale deployment of solar energy, offering a cheap and easily manufactured storage mechanism.
Researchers have discovered a way to extract pure oxygen from water using relatively small amounts of electricity and common chemicals. The breakthrough could lead to the development of solar-powered energy systems that can operate 24/7.
Researchers at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility have visualized air pathways in apples and pears, showing that these microscopically small structures play a crucial role in determining fruit health. The study reveals that pears are more susceptible to decay due to their smaller oxygen supply channels.
An interdisciplinary team used computational methods to study myoglobin's structure and function, revealing that oxygen follows two pathways with branches, mainly through alpha helices. The simulations showed ligand migration is local and short-lived, and occurs between protein scaffolds.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have identified a new hemoglobin type that appears to transport less oxygen than normal. This discovery was made after examining two patients with low oxygen levels in their blood, who did not show any signs of cardiac defects. The new type of haemoglobin, named Haemoglobin Bonn, can distort oxygen...
A computer model developed by researchers at the Catholic University of Leuven can predict the oxygen concentration inside pears, leading to a better understanding of internal browning. The model suggests that extremely low oxygen concentrations in the core of the pear can lead to cell death and browning.
Scientists from PNNL found that split oxygen atoms exhibit unexpected chemical behavior on reduced titanium oxide surfaces. The team discovered that one oxygen atom stays in place while the other shimmies away, likely stealing energy from the stationary one.
Researchers develop unconventional metal hydrides to produce water through oxygen reduction, a process essential for making water. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient hydrogen fuel cells and lower production costs.
Astronomers study G292.0+1.8 supernova remnant to understand complex star death and dispersal of elements like oxygen into next generation of stars and planets. The new Chandra image shows an intricately structured debris field with varying temperatures, indicating lopsided explosion.
Traces of oxygen appeared in Earth's atmosphere 2.5 billion years ago, 50-100 million years before the Great Oxidation Event. The discovery was made by analyzing a drill core from Western Australia and provides new insights into the history of atmospheric oxygen.
Researchers at Ohio State University are developing a new technology to keep artificial liver cells alive and functioning normally. By creating different types of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, they can recreate natural oxygen gradients, allowing the liver cells to function as well as they do in the body.
A new UCLA study used fMRI to capture detailed pictures of the human brain's response to inhaling pure oxygen. The researchers found that adding carbon dioxide to the gas mix calms the hypothalamus and slows the release of dangerous chemicals, preventing lasting damage.
Research in mice shows migraines can lead to brain damage, with areas of the brain experiencing oxygen shortage. The study emphasizes the importance of preventing migraines through avoiding triggers and using prescribed medications.
A pioneering biofuel cell has been developed that can generate electricity from low levels of hydrogen in air, offering an inexpensive and renewable alternative to platinum-based fuel cells. The cell uses enzymes from naturally occurring bacteria and can power electronic devices with minimal power requirements.
A team of researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine has discovered a natural toxin, PAR-polymer, responsible for most tissue and organ damage after a period of blood oxygen loss followed by restored blood flow. The toxin triggers cell death through a process called parthanatos, which can be prevented with potential new treatments.
Researchers replaced a single amino acid in a modern desaturase enzyme to create an oxidase, revealing similarities with a simple peroxidase. This substitution supports the theory of a common origin for the two enzymes around 2.5 billion years ago.
The Antarctic ozone hole reaches its annual peak, providing insights into the impact of the Montreal Protocol ban on CFCs. NASA's satellite data suggests that while the hole has not shown substantial recovery signs, long-term monitoring indicates a possible decrease in size by 2025.
Researchers have found that Thermatoga neapolitana bacteria can produce hydrogen efficiently in a moderately low-oxygen environment. This breakthrough could enable the large-scale production of hydrogen from agricultural resources, paving the way for a clean energy future.
Researchers from UGA discovered a surprising absence of hot gas in the disk of spiral galaxy NGC 1068, which could offer clues to the origins of the Milky Way. The discovery suggests that the process of heating gas in this galaxy is more complex than expected.
Researchers found that patients with severe COPD walked significantly further while breathing Heliox 28 than with other gas mixtures. The study suggests that using lower-density helium gas can reduce airway resistance and improve respiratory gas exchange for these patients.
A new study at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory reveals a four-step process to produce oxygen in frigid environments, challenging previous models. Oxygen isotopes measured during experiments showed that intermediate species of hydrogen-oxygen permeate the ice film.
A USC-led study found that higher ozone levels during pregnancy are associated with lower birth weight and increased risk of intra uterine growth retardation. The researchers monitored ozone and carbon monoxide levels in Southern California communities and analyzed birth records from over 3,900 children.
Scientists at the University of Illinois used computer simulation to study how oxygen and hydrogen travel to an enzyme's catalyst site. They discovered that closing oxygen pathways could increase hydrogenase tolerance to oxygen, making it a more economical source of hydrogen fuel.
A recent study found that a single water molecule can catalytically enhance the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide at low temperatures. This breakthrough could lead to new channels of reactivity using polar molecules like water.
Researchers at Penn State developed implantable glucose sensors to monitor troops' metabolic health in the field. The sensors can detect glucose, oxygen, lactate, and pyruvate levels, providing valuable insights into a soldier's overall metabolic picture.
A new model suggests that the transition from a hydrogen-rich atmosphere to an oxygen-rich one occurred approximately 2.4 billion years ago, driven by the escape of hydrogen atoms into space. This allowed free oxygen to oxidize the crust and eventually dominate the atmosphere.
Researchers at Yale University have found that varying oxygen concentrations in alligator eggs alter growth patterns and affect bone development, suggesting a link to fossil records of prehistoric atmospheric oxygen levels. The study provides new insights into the complex interaction between vertebrate development and oxygen levels.
Researchers at Temple University have discovered that oxygen groups on single-walled carbon nanotubes enhance their interaction with ammonia, which could lead to the development of small sensors for Homeland Security. The study found that heating and cooling the nanotubes affected their ability to bind with ammonia molecules.
Researchers have discovered how modern fish, such as pike and cod, developed a way to float at different water levels by inflating their swimbladders with gas. This is made possible by a complex system of arteries, veins, and special blood proteins that drive oxygen into the swimbladder.
Cassini mission data reveals the formation of molecular oxygen atmospheres in Saturn's rings without life present. This finding suggests that oxygen can be produced through non-biological means, complicating the search for life beyond Earth.
The end-Permian extinction was caused by a combination of factors, including volcanic carbon dioxide emissions, which warmed surface ocean water. This reduced the amount of oxygen available in the deep oceans, leading to an increase in hydrogen sulfide production and ultimately, mass extinctions.
Researchers at Emory University have successfully created a unique metallic molecule, breaking the record for stable metal-oxo species. The breakthrough enables new insights into improving existing technology, particularly in automobile catalytic converters and fuel cells.
Researchers found that oxygen in the atmosphere appeared at least 100 million years before its supposed debut with the carbon cycle perturbation. The discovery suggests a complex process involving mantle plume volcanoes and cyanobacteria, leading to an increase in oxygen levels over millions of years.
Researchers suggest oxygen may have appeared 100 million years before its previously believed debut, based on improved dating and proxy measures. The shift from a reducing to an oxidizing atmosphere is linked to volcanic activity and the production of water vapor and carbon dioxide.
Virginia Tech researchers have developed light-activated therapy agents that are oxygen independent, overcoming a limitation in photodynamic therapy. The new agents are activated by visible light and have been studied in cell cultures, showing promising results.
Scientists have discovered that early oceans were devoid of oxygen for billions of years, with a team developing a method to detect signs of ancient oxygen in rocks. The study sheds light on the history of our planet's oceans and could have significant implications for understanding evolution and the origins of life.
Roald Hoffmann highlights the overlooked scientific achievements of his wife, Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze Lavoisier, and her husband Antoine Lavoisier. The collection at Cornell University provides insight into their lives and work.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have discovered a new Fe-TAML activator that works with oxygen to oxidize organic and inorganic chemicals. This discovery has the potential to extend the use of Fe-TAML activators for environmental remediation and modify industrial processes to make them more efficient.
Scientists at Rice University and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility used X-ray crystallography to capture the rapid structural changes of a protein. The research aimed to improve protein engineering for blood substitutes and genetic diseases, yielding valuable insights into protein dynamics.
Scientists have found evidence of hot gases on the perimeter of the Coalsack, a cold dust cloud nearby the Milky Way. This discovery may help resolve debates about oxygen VI generation and provide new insights into star formation and galaxy energy production.
Virginia Tech researchers discovered that tert-butoxyl radicals are more reactive than initially thought, making them a poor model for studying oxygen-free radicals in biological systems. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the behavior of these radical species.
Methane-based greenhouse and anti-greenhouse events contributed to the Archean climate's stability. The presence of methanogenic bacteria played a crucial role in these processes.
Scientists discover nitric oxide's active regulatory role in responding to tissue oxygen needs, enabling red blood cells to regulate blood flow. The findings explain why certain treatments fail or lead to adverse effects, offering new avenues for treating disorders such as sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension.
A Minneapolis chemist has won a national award for his work on separating molecules using membranes, which can improve efficiency in distillation processes. His unique approach has also been applied to separate oxygen from water, as demonstrated by an experiment with a dog named Muggins.
Researchers investigated gas exchange between infants and their environment while sleeping facedown on soft bedding. They found that hypoxemia, not hypercarbia, is the more important factor contributing to SIDS deaths, suggesting a new approach to prevention.
A team of researchers at Sealed Air Corporation has developed a new packaging film called OS1000 that can remove trace amounts of oxygen from the interior of hermetically sealed packages. This innovation improves the shelf life and quality of packaged food products, reducing oxidation and spoilage.
Researchers using NASA's Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS) have discovered that water vapor is 10,000 times less abundant than previously thought in interstellar clouds. The satellite's findings also indicate that molecular oxygen is at least 100 times less abundant than predicted, contradicting prevailing wisdom.
Researchers found that eating and drinking before flying increases cardiac output and improves oxygen levels in the brain and organs. This can reduce the risk of fainting spells and heart attacks by up to 21%.
Researchers analyzed Precambrian sedimentary rocks to track the evolution of oxygen and ozone in the early atmosphere. The study found a 'profound change' in chemical reactions involving sulfur, indicating limited free oxygen and a global signature.
Robert Criss has developed a new method to date water using oxygen-18 isotopes, providing a distinctive fingerprint for each water sample. This technique allows researchers to trace the age of water, track pollutant emissions, and understand the behavior of river systems.
Scientists confirmed the presence of oxygen VI in the galactic halo, indicating extremely high temperatures approaching half a million degrees Fahrenheit. The discovery provides strong evidence for supernovas pumping hot gas into the corona, supporting a long-held hypothesis about the galaxy's recycling process.