Articles tagged with Research Management
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Crop Science Society of America has elected 2008 Fellows, recognizing individuals for their professional achievements and meritorious service. The selected members are Prakash R. Arelli, Patrick G. Hunt, James D. Kelly, Schuyler S. Korban, Nora L. Lapitan, Rajendra Malhotra, David S. Marshall, J. Paul Murphy, and Matt A. Sanderson.
The American Society of Agronomy recognized 2008 ASA Fellows for their professional achievements and meritorious service. The class includes experts in plant-environment interactions, environmental impact analysis, breeding for disease resistance, and crop biotechnology.
The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) has announced 12 new recipients of the annual INFORMS Fellows Award, recognizing outstanding achievements in education, management, practice, research, and service to the profession. The award recognizes the contributions of distinguished professionals who have...
The study found that firms with powerful marketing departments adopted the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System standard in response to customer and competitor pressures. In contrast, firms with powerful legal departments were more likely to adopt government-initiated voluntary programs in response to regulator and NGO pressure.
The journal has been included in the Social Science Citation Index due to its exceptional awareness of current issues affecting the field of management accounting. Management Accounting Research features original research, case studies, and empirical work on topics such as management change, risk management, and corporate governance.
Thomas L. Saaty, inventor of AHP, revolutionized decision-making with a breakthrough methodology that's widely used in business and government. His work has had a broad practical impact on operations research and related fields.
The article discusses a global summit of leading glaucoma specialists who gathered to discuss key needs and opportunities in advancing therapies for patients. The summit highlighted the need to advance beyond traditional IOP-lowering therapies and explore new approaches, including innovative drug delivery systems and novel biomarkers.
Dinosaurs survived two mass extinctions before evolving into diverse species, taking up to 50 million years to dominate ecosystems. The research challenges the traditional view of rapid expansion and diversification.
A new approach uses lessons from the 2004 election and factors in state polling data, undecided voters, and 'safe' states. The model predicts a margin of up to 282.8 electoral votes for McCain against 255.2 for Obama.
Researchers found that adding four cycles of Taxotere to a sequential regimen of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil reduces recurrence and death rates in patients with node-positive early stage breast cancer. This advantage comes at an increased toxicity level.
A study by Yale researchers found that prediction markets are a strong tool for forecasting US presidential elections. The authors analyzed the 2004 election market and found that traders quickly assimilated new information as it unfolded over the campaign, indicating their ability to accurately predict outcomes.
A new decision model seeks to minimize the risk of producing ineffective flu vaccines by deferring production and reevaluating strains based on emerging evidence. The model allows for flexibility in the vaccine composition, prioritizing accuracy over timely production.
A recent INFORMS study suggests that hiring top talent from competitors may not lead to improved performance. Instead, the performance of stars depends on firm-specific human capital and colleague relationships. The study's findings warn managers against expecting significant gains from hiring stars.
Researchers found iTunes can efficiently manage PDF files for radiologists, providing richer information than conventional textbooks. The study's lead author, Li Jun Qian, MD, discovered that drag-and-drop functionality allows users to easily search, rate, and organize articles.
Researchers found that increasing sensor grid size from .5 square meters to 5.1 square meters has no significant impact on precision management outcomes. This larger grid requires fewer sensors and makes fertilizer application easier and more cost-efficient for farmers.
A study investigates the potential of a Simple Inverse Yield Model (SIYM) for estimating plant-available water capacity in fields. The results show that measured plant-available water capacity correlates with corn yield better in dry years, but SIYM estimates are weaker in claypan soils.
Researchers have developed a framework to address the dilemma of disclosing unexpected findings in human subjects research. The new guidelines suggest setting up a process for recognizing and verifying potential health or reproductive importance, and consulting clinical colleagues when needed.
The INFORMS Society for Marketing Science has announced the inaugural 10 recipients of its Fellow Award, recognizing their significant contributions to the development of knowledge and practice in marketing. The honored researchers include prominent figures such as Frank Bass, John Hauser, Gary Lilien, and Richard Staelin.
A study found that state policies requiring comprehensive diagnostic criteria and specific services are associated with positive treatment outcomes. Most programs performed diagnostic assessment, group and individual therapy, but had lower rates of family counseling.
A new study finds that women can make significant gains in male-dominated management ranks after companies downsize and restructure their workforces. Women accounted for nearly 36% of managers after restructuring, but made less headway into top levels of management.
Researchers found that sequels generally outperform non-sequels in the box office, especially when released soon after the original film. However, the number of sequels can impact the current sequel's performance and franchise strength if quality is maintained.
Researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital developed a computerized behavioral screening system called Health eTouch, which found that adolescents who received immediate results were more likely to be identified as having problems by their pediatrician, with 68% vs. 52% for delayed results
Researchers have developed new techniques for optimal soil moisture monitoring under drip irrigation systems, helping growers prevent over-irrigation and improve grape yields. By identifying the most suitable locations for soil sampling, vineyard managers can reduce water waste and enhance plant cold-hardiness.
A study published in INFORMS journal Interfaces found that US polar bear research is flawed due to inadequate forecasting methodologies. The researchers concluded that the studies do not adequately support assumptions about sea ice changes and polar bears' ability to adapt, making it difficult to justify listing the species as endangered.
A new study published in Organization Science finds that women who report organizational wrongdoing experience more severe retaliation and discrimination than their male counterparts. The study examined the impact of factors such as power relationships and support from colleagues on the severity of retaliation.
A University of Missouri study found that organizational trust is key to successful joint business ventures. Researchers studied 114 international collaborations and found that trust at three levels: inter-organizational, internal reliance, and among collaborative individuals, was crucial for success.
Family membership affects consumer choices, from cell phone plans to kitchen remodels and displaying treasured keepsakes. Advertisers can gain value by positioning products as resources for achieving relational and family identity goals.
A study published in Journal of Empirical Legal Studies found that the number of OB/GYNs in the US did not respond to liability risk. Most practitioners modified their behavior, but access to care may still be affected.
A new study led by UC Berkeley researchers reconstructs the Sudden Oak Death epidemic in California, tracing the pathogen's spread from its introduction to its current evolution. The study finds that nurseries played a key role in spreading the disease and that climate and environmental conditions contribute to the pathogen's mortality.
GE Research received the 2008 INFORMS Prize for its demonstrated record of applying operations research throughout various business areas at GE, driving significant value and competitive advantage. The award recognizes GE's sustained application and use of O.R. in pioneering ways.
Netherlands Railways improved train punctuality by 2.2% through operations research, increasing public satisfaction and attracting more passengers. The project resulted in an additional annual profit of $60 million and is expected to grow to $105 million.
A Management Insights study finds that physicians consider patients' inputs when making prescriptions, improving forecasting performance. However, patient influence diminishes for specialist doctors and those treating severe symptoms. The study has significant implications for pharmaceutical executives and marketing strategies.
A new pan-European collaboration aims to design an advanced diagnostic tool for coeliac disease, the most under-diagnosed common chronic condition in the UK. The project will unite technologies for point of care diagnostics and embedded communication, enabling easy follow-up and management of patients.
A recent study by Management Insights found that IT professionals with MBAs earn 46% more than those without. In contrast, IT professionals with master's degrees other than an MBA earn 37% less. The study analyzed data on over 50,000 IT professionals in the US and found that firms value IT experience more than non-IT experience.
Researchers found that intensive 60-minute daily intervention sessions improved oral reading fluency and national norm scores for at-risk first-graders in Oregon. In contrast, Texas students receiving a 30-minute daily intervention showed significant growth in fluency as well.
According to a study, intuition is a subconscious process that draws on past experiences and external cues to make rapid decisions. The researchers found that intuition plays a crucial role in high-pressure situations, such as avoiding accidents or making swift business decisions.
The American Academy of Pain Medicine acknowledges chronic pain as a major disease entity, requiring targeted therapies. Studies estimate over 76 million Americans experience chronic pain, resulting in $1.85 billion annual cost.
New research by UT Knoxville professor Michael R. Nash aims to bridge the gap between laboratory research and clinical practice in psychotherapy. By tracking patients' symptoms before and during treatment, psychologists can conduct sound scientifically grounded case studies out of their office.
The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences has announced six finalists competing for the 2008 Franz Edelman Award, recognizing outstanding operations research-based projects that transform companies, industries, and lives. The finalists include teams from Western Europe, federal agencies, and a Fortune 500 company.
A new study found that people's personality types affect their ability to exercise self-control. Promotion-focused individuals tend to do better when adopting goal-pursuit strategies that fit their needs, while prevention-focused individuals fare better with vigilance strategies. This research has important implications for consumer we...
Research reveals that people's tendency to anthropomorphize (attribute human-like qualities) non-human entities can serve as a coping mechanism for loneliness. This phenomenon carries therapeutic and societal implications, suggesting that non-human connections can provide psychological benefits similar to those from human relationships.
A collaborative mapping tool developed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) allows emergency management officials to better coordinate event and incident planning. The system can track resources such as hospitals, transportation equipment, and water in real-time, enabling effective response and evacuation plans.
The vaquita population is projected to decline rapidly due to entanglement in fishing nets, with only about 150 individuals remaining. The species is critically endangered and shares parallels with the extinct baiji dolphin, highlighting the need for effective conservation efforts.
A recent study found that 60% of psychotherapy clients felt their therapy either lasted too long or ended too soon. Clients who experienced a positive termination were more satisfied and reported feeling an expression of independence, reflection of positive therapeutic gains, and a sense of positive gains.
A study by Craig Thompson and Kelly Tian investigates the interrelationships between commercial mythmaking and the reshaping of popular memories in the South. The researchers focus on two prominent New South mythmakers who seek to ideologically reconstruct the historical legacy of antebellum, confederate, and segregationist South. They...
Research finds that longer waits can facilitate coping with negative events, reducing overall stress levels. Consumers prefer extra waiting time to mentally prepare and cope with the impending event.
A recent study by Sanjeev Dewan, Charles Shi, and Vijay Gurbaxani found that information technology (IT) investments are substantially riskier than ordinary capital investments. This increased risk is associated with a substantial risk premium, driven in part by the lost option value of making irreversible capital investment decisions.
The recently published book 'Conservation of Rare or Little-Known Species' by Island Press offers alternative approaches to conserving rare species. It synthesizes scientific information to apply to real-world problems, making it an excellent resource for land managers, policymakers, and scientists.
A study by Indiana University found that veterans who served in the Persian Gulf War were 25% more likely to visit an emergency department than those who did not serve. The study also suggested that limited access to outpatient services or higher rates of accidents and injuries may be contributing factors.
A study of pharmaceutical companies' marketing to physicians shows that doctors are most influenced by brand preference and marketing addressing drug side effects. Marketing efforts and patient requests affect physician decision-making differently across brands.
In northwest India, a study found that applying site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) increased average rice grain yields by 17% compared to traditional farming practices. The approach also led to improved nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency, with profits rising about 14%.
A RAND Corporation study analyzed research on disease management programs for six chronic conditions, finding consistent evidence that these programs improve healthcare quality and patient-reported quality of life. However, the study found little to no evidence of cost savings, highlighting the need for further research.
A study by Michelle L. Roehm and Michael K. Brady found that high-equity brands initially face a disadvantage after failure, but may fare better when the issue is severe. This phenomenon can be attributed to a reduction in cognitive resources, allowing customers to focus on resolving the problem rather than re-evaluating the brand.
Leon Schwartz, a veteran member and visiting professor at Yeshiva University's Sy Syms School of Business, has been awarded the INFORMS Fellow Award for his exceptional accomplishments in operations research. The New York Chapter's Moving Spirit Award was also presented to him for his dedicated service to the chapter over 20 years.
Professor Craig W. Kirkwood is awarded the 2007 Frank Ramsey Medal for his significant contributions to decision analysis methodology, applications, and education. The medal honors his work on models of preferences involving multiple objectives, group decision analysis, and computer programs to facilitate learning.
A new study combines data perturbation and query restriction to protect confidential information in statistical databases. The hybrid model provides accurate answers while maintaining online security.
Andrew P. Goldberg, a renowned expert in aging research, receives the 2007 Joseph T. Freeman Award for his contributions to exercise, diet, and metabolism in aging. The award ceremony will take place at GSA's Annual Scientific Meeting in San Francisco, where Goldberg will present a lecture on his work.
Researchers found no real difference in quality-of-life reports between children with bladder abnormalities and healthy children, suggesting a need for fine-tuning existing quality-of-life screens. Children with chronic urological conditions scored higher than healthy children in certain areas, indicating potential adaptability.
Cmdr. Dylan Schmorrow, a pioneer in Augmented Cognition, has received the first Leland S. Kollmorgen Spirit of Innovation Award for his groundbreaking work. He aims to remove technology burdens and enable humans to think more freely, using techniques like brain-computer interfaces.
Researchers have developed a computer solution to cut journey times of courier services, reducing fuel consumption and improving timely drop-offs. The new approach uses a heuristic-based model that can process real-time requests and re-route vehicles to minimize distance traveled.