Articles tagged with Cognitive Disorders
Scientists at Queensland Brain Institute have discovered an alternative mechanism for growth cone steering, which could lead to better understanding of nervous system development and cognitive disorders. The discovery has potential implications for research into Parkinson's disease and autism.
Physical activity has been associated with a reduced risk of age-related conditions such as arthritis, falls, and fractures, as well as improvements in cognitive function and bone density. Four new studies published in Archives of Internal Medicine have moved the scientific enterprise further along the path toward understanding the ful...
A new study found that 12 months of resistance training improved executive cognitive function in senior women aged 65-75 years old, enabling them to make accurate decisions quickly. The exercise also led to increased walking speed, a predictor of significant reduction in mortality.
A recent study by Case Western Reserve University researchers found that CCI patients who leave hospitals on ventilators have poor outcomes, with only a small percentage achieving 'better' outcomes. The study suggests that knowledge of these outcomes is crucial for ICU clinicians and families in care planning and decision-making.
Researchers suggest that OCD should be classified as a separate disorder due to its symptomatically heterogeneous nature and genetic factors contributing 27-47% of variance. Treatment trials indicate promise for medications like D-cycloserine combined with exposure and response prevention therapy.
Researchers found a significant association between low sunlight exposure and cognitive impairment in depressed individuals. The study used NASA satellite data to measure sunlight exposure across the US, linking it to depression and cognitive function.
Severe COPD is associated with significantly lower cognitive function in older adults, even after controlling for confounding factors. Patients with severe COPD are at greater risk for developing cognitive impairment, which can worsen their general health and quality of life.
The study found that US seniors performed significantly better than their English counterparts in cognitive function, with a decade of ageing equivalent between the two groups. Lower levels of depressive symptoms and higher prevalence of hypertension among US adults may have contributed to this advantage.
A new study found that US seniors performed significantly better than their English counterparts on standard tests of memory and cognitive function. The advantage was greatest among the oldest old, with 75-year-olds in the US exhibiting cognitive abilities comparable to those of 65-year-olds in England.
Researchers have discovered a novel approach for treating cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia by preventing the inactivation of D-serine. This method enhances the efficacy of D-serine, a previously used treatment, and may lead to improved therapeutic outcomes.
A new study by Washington University in St. Louis found that cell phone ringtones can be distracting in classrooms, impairing recall and learning. Students who experienced ringing phones performed 25% worse on course content tests, even after the ringtone had stopped.
A study published in the Journal of Urology found that cognitive therapy is an effective management strategy for urge incontinence, with patients experiencing a substantial improvement in symptoms. Cognitive therapy employs deep-breathing and guided-imagery exercises to train the brain to control the bladder without medication or surgery.
Researchers found that 21% of preterm children screened positive for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with cognitive impairments increasing the likelihood. The study suggests a possible correlation between preterm birth and ASD, but further research is needed to confirm direct causality.
The Canadian Medical Association Journal has released a comprehensive stroke supplement featuring 27 best practice recommendations, including four new topics such as emergency medical services care of stroke patients before hospital arrival. The supplement is part of the Canadian Stroke Strategy and aims to improve stroke care in Canada.
Researchers used a new genetic screening method, MLPA, on children with autism spectrum disorders to identify known genetic causes of cognitive impairment. The study found efficient identification of well-known genetic disorders and novel genetic changes contributing to ASDs, such as microduplications in chromosomes 15 and 22.
A study found that high-dose vitamin B supplementation had no beneficial effect on cognitive decline in individuals with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. However, the treatment did lower homocysteine levels, and symptoms of depression were more common in those who received the supplements.
A clinical trial by UC San Diego found that high-dose vitamin B supplements did not impact cognitive decline in Alzheimer's patients, despite lowering homocysteine levels. Symptoms of depression were more common in the high-dose group.
A new study published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine found that children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) experience cognitive deficits, but the severity is difficult to correlate. Researchers measured regional cerebral oxygen concentration and blood pressure during sleep to understand the comple...
A study published in Pediatrics found that cerebral malaria is related to long-term cognitive impairment in African children. At six months and two years after the initial episode, 21% and 26% of children with cerebral malaria showed significant cognitive impairment compared to their healthy peers.
Research suggests that being in a low-power role impairs executive functions, including tracking information, parsing out irrelevant details, and planning ahead. Participants in low-power groups made more errors on tasks requiring focus and planning.
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center have discovered a brain region that can be stimulated to reduce cognitive deficits associated with sleep deprivation. The study used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to improve working memory performance in young adults after extended sleep deprivation.
Researchers found that cohesin acts as a regulator of gene expression, playing an essential role in reading genes independently of its previously known function. The molecule is also necessary for the function of insulators, which separate regions influenced by regulators.
A new study led by Duke University Medical Center researchers found that older patients over the age of 60 who undergo elective surgeries are at an increased risk for long-term cognitive problems. The elderly were more likely to die in the first year after surgery, and education protected against postoperative cognitive problems.
A randomized controlled trial found that combining fluoxetine with cognitive behavioral therapy improved depression scores in teens with co-occurring depression and substance abuse disorders. The treatment was as effective as the antidepressant alone in treating depression among teens without substance abuse problems.
Researchers present a new framework for mapping mild cognitive impairment, including an online diagnostic algorithm. The framework characterizes different classifications of MCI and their patterns of etiology, cognitive decline, and clinical outcome.
A study found that long-term use of histamine2 receptor antagonists increases the risk of cognitive impairment in older African-Americans. Nearly 18% of users exhibited signs of cognitive impairment after controlling for other factors.
A new study of children ages 5 to 7 found that C-reactive protein, a marker for cardiovascular disease, also indicates cognitive impairment in kids with OSA. The study suggests systemic inflammation is linked to decreased neurocognitive function in children with OSA.
A randomized controlled trial found that prolonged exposure cognitive behavioral therapy was more effective than present-centered therapy in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in female military veterans and active-duty women. The therapy led to improved symptoms, quality of life, and reduced anxiety.
A study published in JAMA found that off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery had no effect on cognitive decline and cardiac outcomes at 5 years in low-risk patients. Cognitive decline ranged from under 5% to over 30% in the first year after CABG surgery.
Researchers developed a new imaging technique that detects abnormal brain protein deposits associated with Alzheimer's disease in mild cognitive impairment. The study found that the method was more effective in differentiating patients with Alzheimer's disease from normal subjects, and tracked disease progression over a two-year period.
A study by Sharon Inouye found that 39% of hospitalized older adults experience subtle cognitive decline, known as recoverable cognitive dysfunction. The condition can be screened for and prevented or treated with interventions.
A study of 3,718 residents found that eating at least 2.8 servings of vegetables per day slowed cognitive change by 40% compared to those who consumed less than one serving per day.
A study found that eating at least 2.8 servings of vegetables daily slows the rate of cognitive change in older adults by 40%, equivalent to about five years of younger age. Green leafy vegetables had the strongest association with slowing cognitive decline.
Research suggests cognitive therapy can effectively relieve IBS symptoms with a four-session patient-administered format requiring minimal therapist contact. The treatment was found to be as effective as the standard 10-week clinic-based program in relieving GI symptoms, and cost-efficient.
A study of 68 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease found that higher levels of spirituality and religiosity may slow cognitive decline. Spirituality and private religious practices accounted for 20% of the total variance in cognitive decline.
A Yale University study will investigate the effects of marijuana, ecstasy, and teen cognitive deficits in 200 adolescents. The research aims to determine if sustained abstinence leads to recovery of cognitive function in this population.
A study of 354 elderly patients found that 59% experienced cognitive decline immediately after surgery, with declines persisting three months later. The study suggests that early improvement followed by later decline is a common pattern in postoperative cognitive function.
A study found that 31% of acute medical inpatients lack mental capacity, but recognition by clinical staff is low. Increasing age and cognitive impairment are key factors associated with a lack of mental capacity.
University of Alberta researchers provide independent verification that CFS patients are distinct from those with depression. The study used electrodermal activity to demonstrate differences in skin temperatures and electrodermal activity between CFS and depression patients.
Research suggests that bilingual individuals can maintain their attention and reaction time better than monolingual counterparts as they age. Bilingualism was found to attenuate the age-related decline in cognitive processing efficiency, particularly in tasks requiring inhibitory control.
Researchers found that alcohol impairs cognitive functioning even when motor functioning appears normal. The study suggests that the motor component of information processing recovers during declining blood alcohol concentrations, but the cognitive effects linger, creating a 'illusion' of sobriety.
A randomized controlled trial found that disulfiram significantly reduced cocaine use in adults not dependent on alcohol, while CBT showed similar effectiveness. The combination of disulfiram and CBT was particularly effective for non-alcoholic users who abstained from alcohol during the study.
Researchers found that brain atrophy was detected on MRI more consistently than decline on cognitive tests or rating scales in patients with PCNSL. The study also examined the risk of stroke associated with triptan use in migraines, finding no increased risk.
A study found that nursing home residents who wander, exhibit verbally abusive behavior, or have cognitive impairment are more likely to provoke injuries in others. Male residents and those living in Alzheimer's units were also at higher risk. The authors suggest focusing on the behavior of injured persons to prevent incidents.
Researchers developed a novel metal-protein attenuating compound (MPAC) to target beta-amyloid interactions and slow cognitive decline. The pilot phase 2 clinical trial found that plasma beta-amyloid levels declined in patients taking the compound, while those on placebo levels increased.
A Stanford study found that 18% of Europeans with depressive disorder also had a breathing-related sleep disorder, which can increase the risk of feeling sleepy and irritable. The study suggests that treating sleep apnea may help control depression in patients.
Researchers found lasting cognitive deficits in individuals who started smoking marijuana before age 17. Those who began using marijuana at a younger age performed significantly worse on tests assessing verbal functions compared to those who started later or used it sparingly.
A new study suggests that nearly 90 percent of healthy diabetes patients have experienced brain volume loss, potentially contributing to cognitive decline. The research, led by Drs. Jitendra Sharma and Richard Chan, used MRI scans to compare brain health in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals within the same age cohort.
A study by Duke University Medical Center researchers found that older patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery are more likely to suffer cognitive decline due to lowered immunity to gram-negative bacteria. Cognitive decline was particularly pronounced in patients over 60, suggesting that boosting immunity may improve outcomes.
A study of younger and older children with phenylketonuria (PKU) reveals significantly poorer adherence to recommended dietary controls in older children, affecting blood phenylalanine levels. Biochemical control can be challenging even in young patients, emphasizing the need for improved treatment options.
Researchers found that when treatment outcomes were impaired quality of life, such as severe functional or cognitive impairment, a significant number of patients (74.4% and 88.8%) lost their willingness to receive treatment. In contrast, the impact on preferences was more nuanced with mortality, where only when the likelihood increased...
A six-year study of people aged 40-70 found that those with diabetes and high blood pressure experience greater cognitive decline compared to their healthy counterparts. The study suggests controlling hypertension and diabetes before age 60 may help preserve mental abilities later in life.
A 52-week study found that patients treated with 6-12 mg of rivastigmine daily showed significantly better cognitive function than those on placebo or lower doses. The treatment reduced cognitive decline and improved outcomes in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.
A study examining the link between fathers' alcoholism and male, elementary-school-aged children's intellectual, cognitive, and academic performance reveals children of antisocial alcoholics display lower intellectual performance, poorest academic achievement, and poorer abstract planning and attention abilities. Parental cognitive abi...
Researchers found that estrogen use reduced cognitive decline in women with e2 and e3 ApoE alleles, but not in those with e4 variants. Estrogen also showed protective effects on carotid wall thickening and atherosclerosis.
A new study will investigate whether cognitive therapy can prevent relapses and recurrences of major depression as effectively as standard antidepressant medication. The study, funded by a $1.6 million NIMH grant, aims to help patients who suffer from recurring episodes of major depression.
Researchers have developed a new way to monitor brain damage in stroke patients, which could increase the number of eligible patients for clot-breaking treatments. The test combines cognitive assessments with MRI scans to identify patients with salvageable brain tissue.