Articles tagged with Cognitive Disorders
A study by Indiana University and Regenstrief Institute found that cognitively impaired older adults released from the hospital are less likely to be rehospitalized within 30 days if they go to a nursing home. In contrast, those returned to their own homes or family members are more likely to experience readmission.
A study by Concordia University researchers found that individuals who engage in cognitively demanding activities and enjoy doing so tend to experience less cognitive decline later in life. Additionally, those with even mild depressive symptoms are more likely to show a decline in brainpower after retirement.
A study by Evan Fletcher and colleagues found that white matter loss in the fornix may be an early sign of cognitive decline in healthy elderly individuals. Changes in fornix volume were highly significant predictors of cognitive deterioration.
Researchers found that cilostazol decreases hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and heme oxygenase-1 expression levels, protecting against cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral ischemic injury. Cilostazol treatment also exhibits an anti-apoptotic mechanism in the context of chronic cerebral ischemia.
Research from University of Luxembourg finds employment gaps during working life can decrease cognitive reserve, with training and maternity spells associated with slower cognitive decline. The study suggests cognitively stimulating activities during employment gaps may have beneficial effects on cognitive function.
Multiple hospitalizations for pneumonia, urinary tract infections, septicemia, and dehydration result in significantly lower survival rates among nursing home residents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment. These findings highlight the need for reevaluation of care goals and resource allocation for this vulnerable population.
Patients with epilepsy and mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) showed earlier cognitive decline than those without epilepsy. Epilepsy increases the risk of seizures and accelerates symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Identifying and treating epilepsy could improve clinical outcomes for patients.
Researchers found that patients with high educational levels show less impairment on a neuropsychological evaluation compared to those with low educational levels. Higher education was found to be protective against disease-associated cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis patients.
Researchers found that older emergency patients have functional and cognitive problems increase dramatically after arrival. These patients often require specialized training in geriatric care to provide the best assessment and care.
A study by Northwestern University researcher Robert Hanlon found that impulsive murderers are more mentally impaired than strategic planners. Nearly all impulsive murderers had a history of alcohol or drug abuse and were intoxicated at the time of the crime.
Research published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine found that highly educated pre-Alzheimer's patients exhibit increased neural reserve and compensation, leading to better coping mechanisms. This suggests that education level plays a crucial role in determining cognitive reserve against the disease.
Researchers found that preterm children's cognitive performance deficits increase with task complexity and decrease with pregnancy duration. The study suggests that educational interventions could be developed to promote academic attainment in preterm children.
A cross-sectional study of 1,870 individuals found that long-lived families have a reduced risk of cognitive impairment consistent with Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests a delayed onset of disease in these families, protecting their members but not later in life.
Researchers found chronic pain to be a common complication of ischemic strokes, associated with greater decline in physical and cognitive function. Significant risk factors for post-stroke pain include increased severity of stroke, female gender, and vascular disease.
A study published by Henry Ford Hospital found that resveratrol can reduce noise-induced hearing loss and cognitive decline in rats. The researchers discovered that resveratrol inhibits the inflammatory process and oxidative stress caused by loud noise, providing protection against age-related hearing and cognitive impairment.
A new study published in Neurology found that people who went hungry as children had slower cognitive decline than those who always had enough food to eat. The study involved over 6,000 participants and found a significant association between childhood hunger and reduced cognitive decline.
People who experienced hunger as children had slower cognitive decline than those who never went hungry, with African American participants showing a significant protective effect. The study suggests calorie restriction or selective survival effects may be responsible for this finding.
Australian researchers discovered that reduced heart rate variability best predicts cognitive disturbances in people with chronic fatigue syndrome. The study found a significant loss of vagal modulation, consistent with the notion that CFS represents a system under stress. This could lead to new ways to improve cognitive difficulties i...
Researchers found that clonazepam alleviated autistic-like behavior in mice with a sodium ion channel defect. The study reveals how the mutated gene leads to overly excited brain circuits and impaired social interactions, shedding light on Dravet syndrome's underlying mechanisms.
A new study published in Annals of Neurology suggests that increased consumption of flavonoid-rich blueberries and strawberries may slow cognitive decline in older adults, delaying aging by up to 2.5 years.
A study by Regenstrief and IU found that screening for cognitive impairment in hospitals does not improve patient outcomes. The study suggests that a more nuanced approach to addressing the issue is needed.
A study by Kelvin Lui and Alan Wong found that frequent media multitaskers outperformed light multitaskers in integrating visual and auditory information. This improvement was attributed to their ability to routinely take in information from multiple sources.
A study published in Archives of General Psychiatry found that persistent depression symptoms may be associated with significant declines in cognitive performance in older patients with coronary artery disease who underwent cardiac catheterization. Patients with persistent depressive symptoms exhibited greater decline in attention/exec...
A recent study published in Neuron reveals that rare genetic mutations, specifically copy number variants, contribute significantly to the risk of early onset bipolar disorder. These findings suggest that de novo mutations play a crucial role in the development of the disease, which appears in childhood or early adulthood.
Researchers identify neurobiological characteristics linked to complex neuropsychiatric disorders as potential biomarkers. Cognitive deficits are recognized as core features of schizophrenia, reflecting a broader, more multidimensional illness than traditional diagnosis.
The National Institutes of Health's Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases (TRND) program has announced its next round of drug development projects. Six new projects will focus on treatments for rare and neglected diseases, including musculoskeletal disorders, cognitive dysfunction disorders, and parasitic worm infections. The TR...
Two Kessler Foundation researchers received over $100,000 in National Multiple Sclerosis Society grants to investigate cognitive impairments in MS. The studies aim to improve processing speed and understand the relationship between white matter damage and cognitive decline.
Two Wayne State University research groups will lead projects on reducing driver distraction and improving the safety of children, teens, seniors, and pedestrians. The Collaborative Safety Research Center will invest $50 million over five years to enhance vehicle safety.
Researchers from Boston Medical Center will study neurological and brain abnormalities in former extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANS) with a $13 million NIH grant. The study aims to identify infants at high risk for neurodevelopmental disorders and establish a method for prophylactic interventions.
Multiple lifestyle improvements can reduce the risk of developing diabetes by up to 80%, according to a study of over 100,000 men and women. Additionally, researchers warn that Babesia, a parasitic disease, poses a threat to the nation's blood supply, highlighting the need for donor-screening strategies.
A large, long-term study confirms that medications with anticholinergic activity cause cognitive impairment. The research also identifies a possible link between these drugs and risk of death.
A new study published in Annals of Neurology found that residents of the Stroke Belt, a southern region of the US, have a higher incidence of cognitive decline than other regions. The research team believes shared risk factors are to blame and suggests investigating regional patterns contributing to modifiable risk factors.
Recent analysis of children and adolescents with FASD reveals significant volume reductions in deep gray matter structures. These findings suggest that the brain's relay stations, responsible for efficient communication between regions, are disproportionately affected by alcohol exposure during fetal development.
A literature review suggests that drinking 100 percent fruit juices may offer disease-fighting benefits similar to whole fruits. The review found a positive association between 100 percent juice intake and reduced risks for several chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decline.
A systematic review of memantine trials found no evidence of benefit for patients with mild Alzheimer's disease, contradicting its frequent off-label use. Increasing acetylcholine levels appears to slow mental decline in AD, but current evidence is insufficient.
A new technique allows scientists to observe herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) infections growing inside cells, revealing a mechanism by which HSV1 leads to Alzheimer's disease. Frequent interactions between viral particles and cellular amyloid precursor protein facilitate viral transport while interfering with normal APP distribution.
Cognitive impairment in liver disease patients may not be fully reversible and can affect driving safety. Doctors are advised to carefully evaluate cirrhotic patients for hepatic encephalopathy and address driving issues with them.
A large-scale study has found that ecstasy users show no signs of cognitive impairment attributable to drug use. The research, funded by $1.8 million from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, aimed to minimize methodological limitations of earlier studies and compared 52 ecstasy users with 59 non-users.
A new study suggests that a personalized multimedia program can reduce falls among older hospital patients without cognitive impairment. The program, which combines videos with one-on-one follow-up, was associated with fewer falls and lower injury rates compared to usual care.
A new study suggests that regular exercise can improve brain function and reduce cognitive decline risk in people carrying a high-risk gene for Alzheimer's disease. Participants who exercised showed greater brain activity in memory-related regions compared to sedentary counterparts.
Researchers used MRI to identify microbleeds and altered iron distribution in the brains of individuals with mild cognitive impairment. These biomarkers predicted disease progression with high accuracy, offering new hope for early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
A new study found that cognitive skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) vary from child to child and can improve over time. The research, conducted in Western Australia, assessed 37 children with ASD and 31 typically developing children at ages 5-6 and again three years later.
A new study found that while many with BDD seek cosmetic procedures, only two percent led to improved symptom reduction. The majority of patients continued to experience BDD symptoms despite treatment.
Researchers identified a signature of three biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid that can correctly classify patients with Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that these biomarkers can detect the pathogenic process of Alzheimer's disease at an early stage, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis and treatment.
A new study by Yale University researcher Hedy Kober shows that smokers can control their cravings with the help of cognitive strategies, increasing activity in the prefrontal cortex and decreasing craving-related brain activity. Cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to be an effective tool in treating substance use disorders.
Children with special health care needs are at higher risk of developing oral disease. Poor diets, frequent use of sugary syrups, and inadequate oral hygiene can exacerbate the issue.
An independent panel by the NIH determined that mental stimulation, exercise, and dietary supplements have insufficient evidence to delay or prevent Alzheimer's disease. The panel emphasized the need for research on objective measures of cognitive function and collaboration between clinicians and researchers.
A special issue of the Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation focuses on the potential of autistic young adults, highlighting their ability to form relationships and enjoy employment benefits. Researchers provide case studies and programs to support practitioners in working with this population.
Scientists at Queensland Brain Institute have discovered an alternative mechanism for growth cone steering, which could lead to better understanding of nervous system development and cognitive disorders. The discovery has potential implications for research into Parkinson's disease and autism.
A new study found that 12 months of resistance training improved executive cognitive function in senior women aged 65-75 years old, enabling them to make accurate decisions quickly. The exercise also led to increased walking speed, a predictor of significant reduction in mortality.
Physical activity has been associated with a reduced risk of age-related conditions such as arthritis, falls, and fractures, as well as improvements in cognitive function and bone density. Four new studies published in Archives of Internal Medicine have moved the scientific enterprise further along the path toward understanding the ful...
A recent study by Case Western Reserve University researchers found that CCI patients who leave hospitals on ventilators have poor outcomes, with only a small percentage achieving 'better' outcomes. The study suggests that knowledge of these outcomes is crucial for ICU clinicians and families in care planning and decision-making.
Researchers suggest that OCD should be classified as a separate disorder due to its symptomatically heterogeneous nature and genetic factors contributing 27-47% of variance. Treatment trials indicate promise for medications like D-cycloserine combined with exposure and response prevention therapy.
Researchers found a significant association between low sunlight exposure and cognitive impairment in depressed individuals. The study used NASA satellite data to measure sunlight exposure across the US, linking it to depression and cognitive function.
Severe COPD is associated with significantly lower cognitive function in older adults, even after controlling for confounding factors. Patients with severe COPD are at greater risk for developing cognitive impairment, which can worsen their general health and quality of life.
A new study found that US seniors performed significantly better than their English counterparts on standard tests of memory and cognitive function. The advantage was greatest among the oldest old, with 75-year-olds in the US exhibiting cognitive abilities comparable to those of 65-year-olds in England.
The study found that US seniors performed significantly better than their English counterparts in cognitive function, with a decade of ageing equivalent between the two groups. Lower levels of depressive symptoms and higher prevalence of hypertension among US adults may have contributed to this advantage.
Researchers have discovered a novel approach for treating cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia by preventing the inactivation of D-serine. This method enhances the efficacy of D-serine, a previously used treatment, and may lead to improved therapeutic outcomes.
A new study by Washington University in St. Louis found that cell phone ringtones can be distracting in classrooms, impairing recall and learning. Students who experienced ringing phones performed 25% worse on course content tests, even after the ringtone had stopped.
A study published in the Journal of Urology found that cognitive therapy is an effective management strategy for urge incontinence, with patients experiencing a substantial improvement in symptoms. Cognitive therapy employs deep-breathing and guided-imagery exercises to train the brain to control the bladder without medication or surgery.