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Science News Archive October 2007 - Page 14


Page 14 of 21

A tiny pinch from a 'z-ring' helps bacteria cells divide

Researchers at Johns Hopkins University developed a mathematical tool that computed the mechanical force exerted by the Z-ring when it helps bacteria cells split. The calculation revealed a surprisingly small force of 8 piconewtons, which could aid scientists in developing new antibiotics and understanding cell division.

SourceJohns Hopkins University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateOct 11, 2007

Patients can't recall their medications to tell doctors

A Northwestern University study found nearly 50% of patients taking antihypertensive drugs can't accurately name a single medication, highlighting the need for improved medication reconciliation. Patients with low health literacy were more likely to be prescribed multiple medications and have higher blood pressure.

SourceNorthwestern University·JournalJournal of General Internal Medicine·DateOct 11, 2007

Modeling pathogen responses

A new study by David Heckerman and colleagues developed a statistical framework to model HLA-dependent T cell response data. The approach identified 12 correct predictions out of 16, providing significant implications for understanding and developing an HIV vaccine.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Computational Biology·DateOct 11, 2007

JCI table of contents: Oct. 11, 2007

New research on glutaric acidemia type I reveals that young mice are more susceptible to brain damage due to lysine uptake, which can be mitigated with a novel treatment strategy. Mast cells play a role in abdominal aortic aneurysm development, and blocking LAG-3 might enhance cancer vaccine effectiveness.

SourceJCI Journals·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateOct 11, 2007

Enzyme promotes fat formation

A recent study found that TPPII stimulates the formation of fat cells in worms and mammalian cells, leading to decreased fat stores. Mice with lower levels of TPPII were thinner than their wild-type littermates despite comparable food intake.

SourceEMBO·JournalEMBO Reports·DateOct 11, 2007

Quantum mechanics predicts unusual lattice dynamics of vanadium metal under high pressure

Researchers have discovered a new type of phase transition in vanadium metal under extreme pressure, which contradicts the behavior of most other elements. This unusual lattice dynamics is driven by a huge change in electronic structure, providing a new explanation for the record-high superconducting temperature.

SourceUppsala University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateOct 11, 2007

Bottomless bowls are an Ig Nobel winner

Brian Wansink's research on bottomless bowls of creamy tomato soup found that people eating from soup bowls with hidden refills ate 73% more soup than those in normal bowls, without feeling fuller. The study suggests that cues around us influence not only what we eat but also how much and when we feel full

SourceCornell Food & Brand Lab·JournalObesity·DateOct 11, 2007

The benefits of 80 million years without sex

Researchers find that bdelloid rotifers, an asexual organism, have evolved different gene functions to protect themselves during dehydration. This discovery provides insight into the benefits of asexuality and challenges the assumption that sexual reproduction is always necessary for survival.

SourceUniversity of Cambridge·JournalScience·DateOct 11, 2007

New insight into childhood metabolic disease

Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying injury and age-dependent susceptibility to glutaric acidemia type I. By using a mouse model of the disease, scientists discovered that limiting lysine uptake can substantially decrease brain damage caused by exposure to the amino acid.

SourceJCI Journals·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateOct 11, 2007

Drizzly mornings on Xanadu

Astronomers have found persistent morning drizzle of methane over the western foothills of Titan's major continent, Xanadu. The discovery suggests that moisture-laden clouds pushed upslope by winds condense to form a coastal rain, with the drizzle dissipating after local mid-morning.

SourceESO·JournalScience·DateOct 11, 2007

Researchers find evidence linking stress caused by the Sept. 11 disaster with low birth weights

A study found a significant increase in low birth weights among NYC babies born after the Sept. 11 disaster, suggesting stress may have contributed. The researchers discovered another peak in low birth weights around Christmas/New Year and April/May, indicating possible long-term effects of stress on fetal health.

Rapid analysis could cut health risks of volcanic ash

A new, rapid and cheap way of estimating the potential risk posed to human health by volcanic ash has been devised. The technique uses state-of-the-art laser technology to analyze the grain size of samples from around the world, allowing emergency response teams to quickly measure the potential risk without high-tech equipment.

SourceDurham University·JournalJournal of Environmental Monitoring·DateOct 10, 2007

Cancer conflict with chemotherapy treatment

Research suggests that young women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer who undergo adjuvant chemotherapy do not experience higher survival rates than those with ER-negative tumors. The study, published in Breast Cancer Research, found a 5% difference in survival rates between the two groups.

SourceBMC (BioMed Central)·JournalBreast Cancer Research·DateOct 10, 2007